Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| division for sexual reproduction |
|
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Term
| How do cells divide in eukaryotes? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| what division is used during mitosis and meiosis? |
|
Definition
nuclear division
Replication and segregation of genetic material |
|
|
Term
| what division is used during cytokinesis? |
|
Definition
cytoplasmic division
Mitosis can occur without cytokinesis |
|
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Term
| What are the three reasons that cell division is used? |
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Definition
Reproduction
growth and development
tissue renewal |
|
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Term
| What are all of the stages of the cell cycle? |
|
Definition
- Interphase
G1 - gap 1
S - synthesis
G2 - gap 2
(G0)
- Mitotic (M) phase
Mitosis
Cytokinesis |
|
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Term
| Where does mitosis occur and how is replication in the dna? |
|
Definition
◦ Occurs in somatic (non-reproductive) cells
◦ Replicated DNA is equally divided
Chromosomes segregated |
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Term
|
Definition
| contiguous piece of DNA (genetic material) |
|
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Term
| What is a sister chromatid? |
|
Definition
| one of the pair in the chromosomes |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What is the chromosome number? |
|
Definition
◦ Total number of chromosomes in a cell
Species can have as few as 1, as many as >10,000
Humans have 46 (23 pairs)
Can be distinguished based on size, structure and differential
staining |
|
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Term
| How many copies of a chromosome can an organism have? |
|
Definition
Organisms can have either one
copy of each (haploid), or
multiple copies (diploid, triploid,
tetraploid, . . . )
◦ In mitosis:
A parent cell produces two
progeny cells with the same
chromosome count and identity
A diploid parent cell will produce two
diploid daughter cells
A haploid parent cell will produce two
haploid daughter cells
Chromosome number is
maintained |
|
|
Term
| When can chromosome structure be visualized? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe sister chromatids |
|
Definition
Two identical copies, the
product of replication during
S phase, that remain in
association
Once they separate, they
become two individual
chromosomes |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Constricted region of DNA where sister chromatids
are most closely associated |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Protein structure associated with centromere where
microtubules attach during mitosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Small microtubule organizing
centers
Made up of two centrioles
arranged in ‘T’ configuration
Cylinders of nine microtubule
triplets (like basal bodies)
(Not present in plants)
Nucleation point for mitotic
spindle formation during cell
division
Includes:
Microtubules
Associated proteins |
|
|
Term
| What is the mitotic spindle consist of? |
|
Definition
Consists of microtubules spreading out from
centrosome, consisting of three classes:
Asters
Overlapping
Kinetochore |
|
|
Term
| Where is the mitotic spindle located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the stages of mitosis? |
|
Definition
◦ Prophase
◦ Prometaphase
◦ Metaphase
◦ Anaphase
A
B
◦ Telophase |
|
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Term
|
Definition
◦ Nuclear envelope is present
◦ Chromosomes are not distinct |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Chromosomes have duplicated
Centrosomes have duplicated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
◦ Chromosomes condense,
become distinct
◦ Centrosomes move apart
◦ Mitotic spindle begins to form |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
◦ Nuclear envelope breaks down
◦ Mitotic spindle fully formed
- Microtubules attach to kinetochores
- become kinetochore microtubules
- Non-kinetochore microtubules overlap
and interact |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
◦ Centrosomes at opposite
ends
◦ Chromosomes align at the
‘metaphase plate’
plane equidistant from the
two centrosomes
◦ M phase checkpoint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
◦ Proteins holding sister
chromatids together are
degraded
◦ Sister chromatids begin to be
pulled toward opposite poles
by kinetochore microtubules
By virtue of their separation,
they become distinct daughter
chromosomes |
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