Term
| what are the 3 ways minerals move into plant roots? |
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Definition
| cation exchange, active transport, and facilitated diffusion |
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Term
| what all moves through the xylem? |
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Definition
| water AND minerals, minerals must be dissolved in the H2O |
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Term
| what % of H2O is lost to evapotranspiration? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what is xylem composed of? what allows H2O to move between xylem? |
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Definition
Dead cells, lignin keeps structure
holes called pits |
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Term
| what are the 5 unique properties of movement of H2O? |
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Definition
1. cohesion - H2O molecules attract each other (surface tension)
2. adhesion - H2O is attracted to walls of xylem (walls are hydrophilic)
3. capillary action - moves upward when small diameter
4. tension - pulling of H2O due to negative pressure
5. transpiration - as H2O evaporates out of stomata, it pulls other water up behind it |
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Term
| what is the Transpiration-Tension Cohesion Theory? |
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Definition
water starts in the roots and ends in the leaves
evaporation creates the tension
if there is an air bubble, the H2O moves around it through the pits (why they are so important) |
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Term
| when does evapotranspiration happen? |
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Definition
always, never stops
only slows when stomata close |
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Term
| what happens if too much evapotranspiration occurs and theres not enough H2O to replace it? |
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Definition
water moves from other cells into xylem from cytoplasm
happens from top to bottom (leaves, stem, roots)
when the plant wilts/becomes flaccid, if let to for too long, cells go through plasmolysis and die |
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Term
| what factors caused the 1 and second fastest evapotranspiration? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the 2 kinds of phloem? |
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Definition
sieve cells - cells stacked end to end, moves solutes
companion cells - actively transports solutes in/out of sieve cells |
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Term
| what is the major solute of plants? what is it composed of? |
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Definition
sucrose
glucose + fructose |
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Term
| what is a sink and what is a source? |
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Definition
sinks store or use sugars
sources produce sugars |
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Term
| what is the pressure flow theory? |
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Definition
source delivers sucrose to sieve tubes (hypertonic)
sink removes solutes |
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Term
| what are potential problems with the pressure flow theory? |
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Definition
| sieve cells can move different solutes at different speed and move in different directions within same sieve cells |
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Term
| what does internal transport in animals require? (has 2 parts) |
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Definition
| a circulatory system made of a pump and blood |
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Term
| what are the 2 types of circulatory systems? who has what? |
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Definition
open - arthropods, etc
closed - vertebrates and earthworm |
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Term
| what happens in an open circulatory system? |
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Definition
| blood dumps into open space called sinus, bathes organs in blood. sucks blood back up during the relaxation of the contraction because of negative pressure |
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Term
| how many hearts do earthworms have? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| holes on top of the heart |
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Term
| what is the faster circulatory system? |
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Definition
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