Term
| what is a description of crawfish gills? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the criteria that help with large in crawfish gills? |
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Definition
many evaginations
gill arches that have filaments that have lamellae |
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Term
| what are the criteria that help with thin in crawfish gills? |
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Definition
filaments and lamellae
lamellae are only 2 cell layers thick (gill epithelium and capillary cells) |
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Term
| what are the criteria that help with moist in crawfish gills? |
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Definition
| in water - crawfish also move backwards to send water through the space between the carapace and the abdomen |
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Term
| what are the gills of crawfish referred to as? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are evaginations covered by in a crawfish? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the countercurrent exchange? |
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Definition
| as the water flows across the lamellae of the filaments, the blood goes from O2 poor and CO2 rich to O2 rich and CO2 poor. simultaneously, the water goes from O2 rich to poor and CO2 poor to CO2 rich |
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Term
| how do terrestrial animals account for no longer being in water? |
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Definition
| have invaginations instead of evaginations |
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Term
| what animals have a tracheal system? |
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Definition
| insects, myriapoda, snow bugs and some arachnids |
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Term
| what is the advantage of a tracheal system? |
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Definition
| trachea(large branches) and tracheoles(small branches) touch every single cell in body - no need for a transport system for gas exchange |
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Term
| what are the holes called that let air in and out on insects? |
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Definition
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Term
| how does the tracheal system limit the size of arthropods? |
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Definition
| air only travels by simple diffusion - if it was too big the GE wouldn't happen fast enough |
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Term
| where is the greatest need for gas exchange in the grasshopper? |
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Definition
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Term
| what groups of animals have lungs? |
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Definition
| lung fish, mollusca, mammals, aves, reptilia |
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Term
| how are lungs thin, moist, and large? |
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Definition
thin - highly vascularized transport system
moist - invaginations
large - are |
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Term
| what is the order of the mammalian respiratory system? |
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Definition
nostril
nasal cavity
pharynx
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles
alveoli |
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Term
| what are the 2 functions of the nostril cavity? |
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Definition
warms and moistens -> helps particles move better
filters - dust etc filtered by cilia that beat outwards |
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Term
| where are the olfactory structures contained? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the 2 structures that help air/food go in the right tube? |
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Definition
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Term
| where is the opening of the "C" shaped cartilage surrounding the trachea and why? |
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Definition
at the back/touching the esophagus
if there is a large bolus, the esophagus would break the cartilage of the trachea |
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Term
| where does all GE happen in mammals? |
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Definition
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Term
| how thick are the alveoli? |
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Definition
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Term
| how many alveoli does each lung contain? |
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Definition
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Term
| how are alveoli thin/moist/large? |
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Definition
thin - each is covered by capillary bed
moist - mucus and blood in capillaries
large - in "grapes" and 300 million in each lung |
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Term
| what is a unique characteristic of mammals? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the air flow in amphibians/reptiles/mammals classified as? |
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Definition
| tidal air flow - meaning its a mix of O2 and CO2 |
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Term
| what is the most efficient system of air flow? |
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Definition
| in birds - 1 way air flow |
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Term
| how much of the air in inspiration #1 goes into the post air sac? |
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Definition
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