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2.01 Courts Vocabulary
N/A
43
Law
11th Grade
02/02/2012

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Term
Answer
Definition
Formal written document that admits or denies each allegation of the complaint and states any defenses that the defendant plans to use.
Term
Appellate Court
Definition
Courts that have the authority to hear appeals and review cases from lower courts.
Term
Appellate Jurisdiction
Definition
 Authority of court to review a decision of a lower court or administrative agency.
Term
Arraignment
Definition
Procedure in which the accused is brought before the court, read the indictment or information, and asked to plead guilty or not guilty.
Term
Arrest
Definition
Action when a person is deprived of his or her freedom.
Term
Bail
Definition
Money or other property that is left with the court to assure the court that the person will return to stand trial.
Term
Complaint
Definition
Legal document containing a short and plain statement of the plaintiff’s claim against the defendant.
Term
Contempt of Court
Definition
Action that hinders the administration of justice in court.
Term
Court
Definition
Governmental forum that administers justice under the law.
Term
Court of Record
Definition
Accurate, detailed report of what went on at a trial.
Term
Delinquent Child
Definition

Minor, under a certain age (usually sixteen, seventeen, or eighteen), who has committed an act that would be a crime if done by an adult.

Term
Detention Hearing
Definition
Hearing whether there are good reasons for keeping the accused in custody and whether or not there are special circumstances affecting the case.
Term
Due Process
Definition
An administrative agency decision-making, notice of charges or potential rule making coupled with opportunity to appear, present evidence, and confront witnesses if warranted.
Term
Due Process of Law
Definition
Constitutional requirement for fundamental fairness in our legal and court system.
Term
Ex Parte Injunction
Definition
Injunction issued by a judge after hearing only one side of an argument.
Term
General Jurisdiction
Definition

Authority of a court to hear a wide range of cases.

Term
Grand Jury
Definition
Jury of inquiry. It is a group of citizens called together by a court official to determine whether there is enough evidence to justify accusing certain persons of certain crimes.
Term
Indictment
Definition
Written accusation issued by the grand jury charging the individual or individuals named in it with a certain crime.
Term
Injunction
Definition
Court order issued by a judge ordering a person to do or not to do something.
Term
Intermediate Court
Definition
Court between the lower court and the highest court. Also called appellate court.
Term
Judgment
Definition
Final result of a trial.
Term
Jurisdiction
Definition

Power of a court to decide a case.

Term
Jury
Definition
Panel of citizens sworn by a court to decide issues of fact in court cases.
Term
Justice
Definition
Title of a judge on the state Supreme Court or federal Supreme Court.
Term
Juveniles
Definition
Individuals over 13 and under 18 years of age who have special status under the criminal law.
Term
Limited Jurisdiction
Definition
Authority of a court to hear only one particular type of case.
Term
Minor
Definition
Young person who has not reached the age of legal adulthood. Eighteen is now generally accepted as the age of legal adulthood.
Term
Municipal Court
Definition
City court, usually divided into traffic and criminal divisions.
Term
Original Jurisdiction
Definition
Power to hear the case in full for the first time.
Term
Precedent
Definition
When judge is required to follow an earlier court decision when deciding a case with similar circumstances. Also called doctrine of stare decisis.
Term
Probate Court
Definition
Administers wills and estates.
Term
Procedural Defense
Definition
Defense based on problems with the way evidence is obtained or the way the accused person is arrested, questioned, tried, or punished.
Term
Procedural Law
Definition

Group of laws that define the methods for enforcing legal rights and duties.

Term
Prosecutor
Definition

Party that accuses the person of a crime. The plaintiff.

Term
Punitive Damages
Definition
Money a court requires a defendant to pay in order to punish and make an example of the defendant.
Term
Real Defense
Definition
Defense that may be used against a holder in due course in a legal action involving a negotiable instrument; a defense that prohibits a holder in due course from collecting on a negotiable instrument.
Term
Small Claims Court
Definition
Special court intended to handle small claims on debts quickly and simply.
Term
Stare Decisis
Definition
 Doctrine that requires lower courts to follow existing case law in deciding similar cases.
Term
Statue of Limitations
Definition
State laws setting time limit for bringing a lawsuit.
Term
Statutes
Definition
Laws enacted by state or federal legislatures.
Term
Trial Court
Definition
First court to hear a dispute.
Term
Unruly Child
Definition
Minor who has done something that would not be a crime if it were done by an adult.
Term
Verdict
Definition
Decision of the jury.
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