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Search for lawful order in the universe
-rationality
-skepticism towards church
-search for universal moral laws
-humans are "machines w/in a giant machine |
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| Stressed emotion over rationality |
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| Stressed that people should trust their impulses as guides for living |
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| Stressed the meaning in life |
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| Stressed that we choose our own destinies |
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| Stressed subjective experience |
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| Stressed the uniqueness of each individual |
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| Romanticism & Existentialism |
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| Who believed that human nature is good and that the best guide for behavior is our honest feelings and inclinations? |
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Rousseau
-if a person was left alone from the influence of society, he would naturally care for himself and others |
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| Who believed that the only purpose of the government should be to provide an environment which would allow human potential grow to it's fullest? |
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Rousseau
-what is best for the community (even if you have to inhibit your own will) |
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| Who believed that education and parenting should be guided by the child's interests? |
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| Who's ideas parallel Carl Rogers? |
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| Who believed that life consisted of opposing forces and that we should embrace them? |
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| Who believed that the ultimate source of happiness is human liberty? |
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| Who showed that sensory experiences could be studied through introspection? |
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| Who influenced Freud, Jung, and phenomenology? |
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| Who believed that the will to survive is the most powerful motivator of behavior? |
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| Who believed that death is the ultimate victor? |
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| Who believed that suffering comes from our intellect's ability to see irrational urges? |
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| Who differentiated between the conscious and unconscious? |
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| Who discussed repression, sublimation, and denial? |
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| Who believed that the ultimate state of being is when a person decides to embrace God in a "leap of faith"? |
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Term
| Who believed that personal freedom developed in 3 stages (aesthetic, ethical, and religious)? |
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Term
| Aesthetic stage of personal freedom |
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Definition
| Seeking out pleasure, no recognition of ability to choose, but leads to boredom |
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Term
| Ethical stage of personal freedom |
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Definition
| Accept responsibility to choose, but follow external rules |
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| Religious stage of personal freedom |
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Definition
| Recognize freedom and enter into personal relationship with God |
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Term
| Who believed that the two aspects to human nature were the Apollonian and Dionysian, and what are they? |
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Nietzsche
-Apollonian: rational, want predictability and order
-Dionysian: irrational, want chaos and passion |
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| Who valued living with passion, taking chances, and using life to enhance oneself? |
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| How did Nietzsche feel about free will? |
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| We can be free if we take charge |
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| Who believed that there was no universal morality/meaning, and thus we are faced with chaos |
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Nietzsche
-People who live up to their full potential by living creative/independent lives |
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| Who believed that all relationships are motivated by power? |
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