Term
| Functions of Urinary System |
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Definition
1. rid body of metabolic waste
2. maintain chemical homeostasis |
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Term
| 4 components of urinary system |
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Definition
1. kidneys
2. ureter
3. bladder
4. urethra |
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Term
| funct. of kidney and 4 layers |
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Definition
Function: renal artery and vein, receives 20% of blood vol.
Layers:
1. Capsule: protection
2. Cortex: contains filtering units called nephrons
3. medulla: tubules
4. renal pelvis: collects urine & funnels into ureter |
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Term
| What is nephron? 4 parts? |
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Definition
Def: part of kidney, 1 million in 1 kidney, located in cortex, filters solutes from blood, also filters H2O
Parts:
1. Renal Corpuscle
2. Proximal Tube
3. Loop of Henle
4. Distal Tubule |
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Term
| 1/4 part of nephron: Renal Corpuscle |
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Definition
Bowman's capsule- "cup" surrounding capillaries
Glomerulus- ball of caps |
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Term
| 1/4 part of nephron: Proximal Tube |
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Definition
| close to renal corpuscle, goes down into medulla, thinker than Loop Of H |
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Term
| 1/4 part of nephron: Loop of Henle |
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Definition
| u-turn, only in medulla, very thin |
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Term
| 1/4 part of nephron: Distal Tube |
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Definition
| further away from renal corp, ascending back into cortex |
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Term
| 3 Processes to Form Urine |
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Definition
1. Filtration
2. Reabsorption
3. Secretion |
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Term
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Definition
*blood -> renal artery -> kidney -> 1 blood vessel supplies 1 nephron
*pressure of heartbeat forces solutes out of blood
*forces solutes into spaces between glomerus & bowman's capsule |
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Term
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Definition
*occurs in tubules
*begins in proximal tube, occurs throughout nephron
*absorb h20 & other small solutes that are needed back in body
*leave tubule & enter blood thru peritubule capillaries |
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Term
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Definition
*opposite reabsoprtion
*occurs in both proximal & distal tubules
*excessive solutes, H20 in bld enters urine |
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Term
| 3 primary functs of nervous system |
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Definition
1. intergration: concious & unconcious
2. motor output- choose to repsond to environment
3. sensory input |
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Term
| 2 Divisions of neurons in Peripheral NS |
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Definition
1.Somatic: voluntary control, both sensory & motor neurons
2.Autonomic: invol. control (breathing/digestion) |
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Term
| 2 categories of autonomic |
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Definition
1.Parasympathetic: "house cleaning," filters blood, digestion, ciculation
2.Sympathetic: "fight or flight," heart rate up, breathing up, circulation up |
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Term
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Definition
1.spinal cord: protected by 3 layers of meninges
2.brain |
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Term
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Definition
1.cerebellum: processing sensory info
2.medulla oblongata: circulation, digestion, respiration
3.cerebrum/cerebral hemishphers: R&L cognition, decide motor output according to sensory input
4. corpus callosum: bundle nerve fibers connect R&L cerebral hemis. |
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Term
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Definition
*tight junctions b/t cells in caps & NS
*provides protection:
a. tight junctions
b. cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flows around spinal cord & thru ventricles & into brain |
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Term
_Nervous System_
1._______ 4._______
2.___----3.____ 5.___---6.____
7.___ ----- 8.__ |
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Definition
1. CNS 4. PNS
2. brain 5. somatic
3. spinal cord 6. autonomic
7. parasympathetic
8. sympathetic |
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Term
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Definition
1. dendrites
2. cell body
3. axon |
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Term
| 2 types of neurotransmitters |
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Definition
1.Acetylcholine (ACh): most common in PNS; released on target organs (muscles, heart, lungs, etc.), excitatory
2.Dopamine (DA): most common in CNS; affects mood, attention, sleep, learning; inhibitory |
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Term
| 2 disease caused/harmed by DA |
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Definition
1. Parkinson's disease: loss of dopaminergic neurons, cause shaking/ tremors
2.Schizophrenia: loss of DA in brain |
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