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1st lect.
historical overview of diff. theories
35
Other
Graduate
02/24/2009

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Term

Identify this reflex principle:

 

Flexion in the bicep brachii causes flexion in the brachioradialis, brachialis.

Definition
IRRIDATION.
 
when one muscle contracts tone irradiates to facilitate  all synergist muscles to contract
Term

Identify this reflex principle:

 

Activation of the biceps brachii inhibits the triceps.

Definition

Reciprocal innervation or reciprocal inhibition.

 

Activation of an agonist muscle inhibits the antagonist muscle.   

Term

Identify this reflex principle:

 

Elbow extension causes inhibition of the bicep muscles. But at the end of the range, the biceps are faciliated.

Definition

Successive Induction

 

At the begining of the ROM, the antagonist is inhibited.  At the end of the motion, the antagonist is facilitated.  (It's my guess) This principle may inhibited abrnomal ROM.  For example: your biceps will fire at the end of extension to inhibit extension beyond its normal range.  

Term
Identify this reflex priniciple:
 
Biceps are inhibited during elbow extension but are facilitated at the end of range.
 
Definition
Successive Induction
 
It is my guess that this occurs so the joint is not moved beyond its normal ROM. As the example shows, the facilitation of the biceps at the end of elbow extension will inhibit extension beyond what is normally allowed at the elbow joint.  
Term

True or False?

 

The reflex theory states that reflexes beyond typical developmental age are abnormal.  

 

How does this compare to today's views on reflex dissappearance?

Definition

TRUE!

 

Reflex theory assumes that people grow out of reflexes and people who exhibit reflexes are abnormal. 

 

However, we realize now that reflexes are not lost but are masked by hire cognitive functions.  (Remember the study with the stepping reflex and the babies in the water)

Term
What are the limitations to the relfex theory?
Definition

Reflex theory does not explain:

 

- How afferent animals move

- goal oriented movement without a stimulus

- fast rapid movements

- anticipatory or feed forward control

- a single stimulus can generate completely different types of movement.

 

Term
What does the reflex theory not account for?
Definition
- reflexes in adults
- conscious control of movement
- variation in muscle patterns and activation
- development does not occur in a linear pattern.  infants can learn to reach/crawl/walk in different ways
Term
What is the purpose of the biomechanical rehabilitation in CVAs?
Definition

CVA biomechanical rehabilitation focues on:

 

- prevention of secondary problems:

  • contracture
  • disuse atrophy
  • ppl must wait for spontaneous neurological recovery
Term

What model of therapy does the biomechanical model promote?

 

 

Definition
Biomechanical theory promotes compensatory techniques.  Pts. are taught one handed techniques to promote function.
Term
Does the hierarchial model support brain reorganization theories?
Definition
YES! The CNS is thought to control all movement patterns and the CNS is capable of changes with maturaton.  
Term
What is the main complaint of the Hierarchial Model?
Definition
The Hierarchial Model does not explain how it can have enough neurons for every type of muscle movement for all movements within a lifespan.
Term
What are the 4 main neurodevelopmental models?
Definition
- Rood
 
- Brunnstrom/NDT
 
- Bobath
 
- PNF
Term
What is the primary premise of all Neurodevelpmental theororists?
Definition
to normalize muscle tone
Term

Abnormal tone lacks which reflex prinicple?

 

 irridation

 

reciprocal inhibition

 

successive induction

Definition
-reciprocal inhibition. 
 
Abnormal tone promotes cocontracture and fixation.
Term
Can abnormal tone be felt throuh soft tissue contractures?
Definition
No, spasticity is masked by contractures.
Term
What types of therapy can reduce spasticity?
Definition
  • serial casting (although controversial)
  • e-stim
  • botox
  • surgery
  • rhozotomy
  • baclophen
Term

True or False

 

reflexes precede voluntary movement after a CVA

Definition
TRUE
Term

True or False

 

gross motor precedes fine motor control after a CVA

Definition
TRUE
Term

true or false

 

distal control precedes proximal control

Definition

FALSE

 

The theory states that proximal control precedes distal control.  However we learned in lab that we can work on both proximal and distal control at the same time!

Term
Does sensory stimulation influence motor recovery?
Definition
Yes it does!
Term
At which Brunnstrom stage do patients usually stop progress?
Definition
Stage III, however progress can stop at any stage
Term
Does Brunnstrom assume that you can skip stages?
Definition
No, Brunnstrom assumes you cannot skip stages.
Term
What is Stage I of Brunnstrom
Definition
}Too low tone for movement
Term
Stage 2
Definition
}Domination by primitive Reflexive tone
Term
Stage 3
Definition
Voluntary tone peak spasticity, synergy dominated movement patterns
Term
Stage 4
Definition
Reduction in spasticity, deviates from synergy
Term
Stage 5
Definition
}Isolated movement outside of synergy, less FROM due to weakness or contractures
Term
Stage 6
Definition
}Normal movement
Term
What is the difference between hemiplegia and hemiparesis?
Definition

plegia = no movement

 

paresis = weakness

Term
What is the Ramiste phenomenon?
Definition
}resistance to hip  adduction in sound side, elicits abduction in  affected side
Term
What is homolateral synkinesis?
Definition
The interaction between UE and LE.  (I think its like when the fingers are flexed, the toes flex)
Term
} What is the Symmetrical Tonic Neck reflex?
Definition

Neck and head extension causes extension of the UE.   Some sources say knee flexion, but I'm not sure.

 

 

Term
Describe Asymmetrical Tonic Neck
Definition
When the head is turned to the right, the right UE/LE is extended and the left UE/LE will be flexed (vice versa).  a.k.a fencing
Term
Describe Tonic Labyrinthine reflex
Definition
Tilting head in supine causes LE extension and UE flexion.
Term
Define the tonic lumbar reflex
Definition
(I don't know! I'll post the answer when I find it.)
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