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| The scientific study of natural language. |
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| The smallest set of speech sounds that are distinguishable by the speakers of particular language. e.g. /k/ as in cat, or kiss. |
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| The study of human speech sounds. |
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| The study of phonemic differences between allomorphs of the same morpheme. e.g. in-capable, il-logical, im-probable. |
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| A phonetic variant of a phoneme in a particular language. e.g. [p] and [pH] are allophones of the phoneme /p/. [t] and [tH] are allophones of the phoneme /t/. |
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| The smallest meaningful unit in the grammar of a language. e.g. walks; walk- and -s, a plural marker of nouns. |
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| A linguistic process by which a sound becomes similar to an adjacent sound. |
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| The study of meaning in linguistic expressions. e.g. features of the context, conventions of language use, the goals of the speaker. |
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| The rules and principles that govern the sentence structure of a natural language. |
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| Sociopsycholinguistic View |
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Definition
| A view that constructing meaning from a text requires the use of background knowledge and cues from the three language systems (graphophonics, syntax, and semantics). |
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| The sound relationship between orthography and phonology. |
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| A complete written system for a language or languages, including the representation of word boundaries, stops and pauses in speech, and tonal inflections. |
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| A view that places importance on the development of word identification, and phonetics in order to create meaning from a text. |
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Definition
| Examining the morphemes that make up words. "Looking for the little words inside the big words". |
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Definition
| Developing conscious awareness of phonemes in order to assist reading comprehension. (Word Recognition View) |
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| The ability to distinguish larger units of speech, such as words and syllables. |
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| A branch of phonology that deals with the the restrictions in a language on the permissable combinations of phonemes. e.g. English words have the /ng/ phoneme in the middle or at the end of a word, but never at the beginning. Thus, it is difficult for many English speakers to pronounce the common Vietnamese name Nguyen. |
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Definition
| Phonemes that are formed by completely blocking the air for an instant and then releasing it. e.g. /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, and /g/. |
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Definition
| Phonemes that are produced by constricting the airflow through the vocal track. e.g. /f/, /v/, /th/(voiced and unvoiced), /s/, /z/, /sh/ and /zh/. |
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Definition
| Phonemes that are formed by briefly stopping the air and then releasing it with some friction. /ch/ as in church and /jh/ as in judge. |
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Definition
| Voiced phonemes that are produced by stopping the air in the oral cavity and lowering the velum so the airflow can pass through the nasal cavity. e.g. /m/, /n/, and /ng/ |
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Definition
| Phonemes that are produced with very little constriction of the air passage. These phonemes are sometimes called semivowels. e.g. /y/ and /w/. |
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Definition
| Phonemes that are produced by placing the tip of the tongue against the alveolar ridge and lowering one side of the tongue to let air pass through that side. e.g. /l/ and /r/ |
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