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| The space between the lungs and behind the sternum where the heart is found. |
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| The blunt "point" of the heart that points downward and to the left side of the body. |
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| The upper chambers of the heart. |
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| The lower chambers of the heart. |
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| The thin muscular wall that divides the atria. |
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| The thick muscular wall that divides the ventricles. |
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| The plate of bone where the ribs meet that lies directly anterior to the heart. |
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| Right atrioventricular sulcus |
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Definition
| The external groove of the heart that sits between the right atrium and ventricle where the right coronary artery runs. |
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| Anterior interventricular sulcus |
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Definition
| Depression on the front, external surface of the heart that separates the right and left ventricles and houses the left anterior descending coronary artery. |
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| The largest artery of the body that is fed directly from the left ventrical and loops over the heart from anterior to the posterior of the heart before descending into the abdomen. |
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| Fed directly from the right ventricle, this vessel splits into left and right branches to deliver deoxygenated blood from the heart into both lungs. |
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| These vessels deliver freshly oxygenated blood from both lungs into the left atrium of the heart. |
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| The largest and most muscular chamber of the heart that pumps blood into the ascending aorta and into systemic and cardiac circulation. |
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| This muscular chamber of the heart is responsible for pumping deoxygenated blood from the heart into the pulmonary arteries and pulmonary circulation. |
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Definition
The small, thin-walled chamber of the heart where deoxygenated blood first returns to the heart from systemic circulation via the superior or inferior vena cava.
**This chamber also serves as the site of venous cannulation during CPB. |
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Definition
| The thin-walled chamber of the heart where freshly oxygenated blood enters the heart from pulmonary circulation via the pulmonary veins. |
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| The large vein that returns blood from the head, arms and upper body to the right atrium. |
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| The large vein that delivers blood from the lower body and legs to the right atrium. |
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| The three-leaflet valve that separates the right atrium and right ventricle. |
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| The valve that blood passes through as it flows from the right ventricle into the pulmonary arteries. It is a tricuspid valve. |
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Definition
| A valve that when closed, forms pouches from leaflets that seal together to prevent backflow. ( pulmonary and aortic valves) |
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Definition
| The atrioventricular valve that regulates blood flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle. |
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Definition
| Fibrous chords that anchor the leaflets of the atrioventricular valves ( tricuspid and mitral valves) to the papillary muscles. |
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| Small muscles in the walls of the venticals that prevent the leaflets of the a-v valves from being pushed back into the ventricles via the chordae tendineae. |
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Definition
| The semilunar valve that blood must pass through to move into the aorta from the left ventricle. |
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| The enlarged portions of the great vessels that house the aortic and pulmonary valves. |
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Definition
| The outermost, two-layer covering of the heart. It allows for the beating motion of the heart with a minimum of friction. It is sub divided into the fibrous and serous pericardium. |
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Definition
| The outer layer of the pericardium, composed of white, durable connective tissue. Becomes continuous with the outer layers of the great vessels. |
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Definition
| The inner layer of the pericardium. It is divided into the outer parietal layer, which covers the interior of the fibrous pericardium, and the visceral layer (epicardium)that is the outermost layer of the heart. |
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Term
| Epicardium (visceral pericardium) |
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Definition
| The outer-most of the three heart layers. It is a single layer of mesothelial cells over a fibroelastic membrane. |
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Definition
| The cardiac muscle walls. These bands of muscle form a latticework that allows coordinated contraction of the heart chambers. |
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| The innermost of the three heart layers. It is a single layer of endothelial cells that line the chambers of the heart and allows for blood to pass smoothly through the heart. Lesions of the endocardium can cause thrombosis. |
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Definition
| The fluid found between the parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium. This fluid cushions and allows free movement. It is secreted by the visceral layer. |
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| A small muscular pouch attached to the right atrium; aka right auricle. |
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| A small muscular pouch attached to the left atrium; aka left atrial appendage |
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| A large vessel formed by the combination of several coronary veins that delivers deoxygenated blood from the heart tissue to the right atrium; lies in the posterior atrioventricular sulcus. |
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| The arteries that supply the heart tissue with oxygen. |
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| The openings (origins) of the coronary arteries found just behind the aortic valve cusps. These are found in a region called the sinus of valsalva or the aortic sinus. |
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Definition
| Supplies the myocardium of the left ventricle; divides into the left anterior descending a. and the circumflex a. ; aka "the widowmaker" |
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| Left anterior descending a. (LAD) |
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Definition
| Travels from the anterior aspect of the left ventricle down to the apex of the heart in the anterior interventricular sulcus; supplies blood to the apex, the anterior surface and the anterior septum. |
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Definition
| Travels between the left atrium and ventricle; supplies blood to the left ventricle further from the septum. |
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Definition
Travels in the right atrioventricular sulcus; continues posteriorly and becomes the acute marginal aa.; supplies blood the the right ventricle.
*USUALLY terminates at the posterior intraventricular groove as the posterior descending a. and supplies the posterior septum BUT may continue to the posterior left ventricle wall as the posterior left muscular branches. |
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Definition
| Mirrors the LAD and delivers deoxygenated blood to the coronary sinus. |
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Term
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Definition
Great cardiac v., left marginal v., left posterior v. and middle v. all drain into the coronary sinus.
Right marginal v., small cardiac v. and sinus node v. all drain into the anterior cardiac system.
*CARDIAC VEINS DO NOT HAVE VALVES. THIS MAKES RETROGRADE CARDIOPLEGIA FLOW POSSIBLE. |
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