Term
| Challenges of provincial management |
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Definition
| - governors were corrupt and often implemented heavy taxation. The armies were unreliable because the soldiers felt an allegiance only to their individual commander rather than the state. The senate was incompetent and corrupt. The empire was so large it needed centralized rule. |
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| Jugurtha, King of Numidia |
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Definition
| received a very favorable peace treaty, indicating corruption in the senate. Said, “Everything is for sale in Rome. |
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“First citizen,” title first given to Augustus, title for the emperor
- name was given by the Senate
- epitome of a Roman citizen |
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Definition
- name given by Roman Church to Augustus and all emperors after him to indicate his religious authority
- Augustus was the head of the college of Pontifs |
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Definition
- Ruled the Roman Empire for 45 years. Given the name Augustus, which indicates a divine or semi-divine nature of its holder, by the senate
- Held authority of consul, then proconsul, and additional powers of tribunes
- He was able to serve as head of the state and governor of the important provinces
- Authority was derived from the prestige that was associated with his title of princeps. |
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Term
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Definition
- individuals generally from the lower classes of Roman society that Augustus selected to run the everyday tasks of the government so they can be more loyal to him
- true civil service
- although their titles might be insignificant, their functions were often important. Thus staff positions had connotations of personal service, and because of this, upper class romans would not take household posts. They considered such work beneath their dignity. |
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Term
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Definition
- There was no constitutional formula for the succession of the emperor following his death. This led to poor leaders.
- Augustus designated his stepson Tiberius to be his successor, conferring upon him in advance the powers which would guarantee his acceptance as the next princeps |
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Definition
- The stepson of Augustus. Had a reputation as a depraved and brutal ruler who disposed of anyone he so much as suspected of treachery.
- Dissipated much of the prestige which his stepfather had accumulated. He still tried to emulate Augustus.
- Succeeded by Caligula |
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Definition
- Grandnephew of Tiberius. Was very extravagant. Wanted to be called a god. Wanted his horse to be elected consul. Was assassinated by his guards.
- Forced rich men to bequeath their wealth to the state
- His cruelty and caprice bordered on madness and outraged all of Rome.
- His death by the guards left Rome without an emperor or an appointee |
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- The reign of Vespasian, who was an accomplished military commander responsible for the destruction of the Jerusalem temple, and his two sons. A period of peace following poor rulers. Indicated inadequacy of primogeniture, since his sons were poor rulers.
- Thought that empire was more important than the emperor himself
- Lead Rome out of a period rich in disasters
- Restored good relation between princes and Senate |
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Definition
- era marked by great rulers due to the practice that Nerva, the first of these emperors, adopted. He chose a qualified successor and trained him to be emperor
- Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, Marcus Aurelius
- Among the greatest men ever to govern Rome
- Empire reached its height.
- Needed someone to have cosmopolitan outlook on empire |
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Definition
- a period of 2 and a half centuries starting with the reign of Augustus during which Rome experienced a great amount of peace
- long era of peace facilitated economic and political integration from the first to the middle of the third century
- facilitated trade communication throughout the region from Mesopotamia to the Atlantic Ocean. |
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Definition
- tried to convert people to Christianity throughout the Roman Empire. Was granted “Latin Rights” to be given legal rights equal to those offered to citizens after he caused an uprising. He was put to death by the Romans.
- Trial as a showcase for his Jewish beliefs and Roman allegiance
- Situated faith within Jewish tradition
- Himself was a devout Jew from Anatolia who accepted Christian teachings and became a zealous missionary seeking converts from outside as well as within the Jewish community
- Prinicipal figure in the development of Christianity from a Jewish sect to an independent religious faith.
- Christianity was thought as a secret sect, he makes the case to the people that anybody can be part of the religion |
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- equal legal rights given to those in Rome’s provinces that weren’t Roman citizens
- Paul asserted his rights as a Roman citizen. Although he had never traveled west of Greece, Paul had inherited Roman citizenship from his father. As a result, he had the right to appeal his case to Rome. |
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Definition
| responsible for great improvements of Roman infrastructure, specifically the aqueducts and roads |
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| place where Paul of Tarsus boarded his ship for Rome. Important source of grain for Rome. Pilate’s capital. |
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| Roman communications network |
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Definition
| - extensive road system (50,000 miles) and port cities along the Mediterranean |
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Term
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Definition
| - a program of social welfare started by Trajan. Set aside an amount of money equal to the imperial budget for a year for loans for poor farmers. The interest from this went to helping orphans and children of the poor |
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| policy of the Roman government to keep the public happy with subsidized grain and spectacular public entertainments. |
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| the axe and rod. Shows Roman cruelty |
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| a Pharisaic Jew who wrote 20 books on the history of his people. An integral source of our knowledge of events in Judaea around the time of Jesus’ crucifixion |
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| Pilate’s incitement of the Jews |
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Definition
| twice caused the Jews to strongly protest, then threatened them with violence. |
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| Vespasian’s destruction of Second Temple |
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Definition
| destroyed the temple in Jerusalem during a conquest to suppress the Judean insurrection of 66-70. |
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