Declarative statement that has yet to be established as true

unconscious belief that conditions, governs, and compels our behavior. Shortcut mechanism that is instinctive and outside our control.

When you attribute your intentions, actions or reactions to another person or thing without considering their unique cultural background

when analysis is affected by the specific goal or preconceived ideas of an organization

common view points amongst small group of coworkers

"thats the way we've always done it"

when you let your personal experiences affect your analysis.

Using an analytical thought process simply because it was successful in the past is a good 

Unconscious belief which influences the act of knowing or making a judgement call.

Inherited thinking strategies which cause mental errors of judgement

Patterns of expectations that influence one to think in certain ways. LARGE mental short cuts

taking a position on an issue, gathering supporting evidence and defending that position against the arguments of those holding opposing views.

Form of patterning by perceiving a similarity between events or things because of superficial features.

to calculate or think by forming a new statement based on statements already known or discovered, or to iner based on evidence.

concluding something is true based on a general rule

concluding something is thrue through logical conclusions based on facts.

concluding something is true by testing hypotheses with evidence

1. Questions
2. Perspective
3. Purpose
4. Assumptions
5. Inference
6. Information
7. Concepts
8. Implications

Initiate reasoning. Help define tasks, express problems, and delineate boundaries

1. question of fact
2. question of preference
3. question of judgement

Usually only have one answer.

"Does Iran have nuclear weapons?"

Yes or No

Have more than on answer involving the target's point of view.

Results backed by reports/facts

Yes or no and this is why

answered by interpreting facts and obsercations.

Most common in intelligence analysis.

"What is your assessment"

Mental point of view of a particular subject or its parts.

Goal in all reasoning.

Should be to discover what is true

Unstated reasons or theories, which are essential in arriving at a conclusion.

Can take place of known information when there is a lack of factual data or intelligence gaps

Intellectual act by which we conclude something is true based on something else being ture, or seeming to be true.

Establish source, reliablility, quality, what is known, and what needs to be known (intel gaps).

Logical relationships between two propositions in which, if the first is true the second is ture.

Three types of questions are __________,

________________, and

___________________.

Ways to sanity check each element of reasoning as it is performed to ensure one hasn't gone astray in the analysis.

Applies to each element of reasoning in order to test hypotheses for truth and correctness.

How broad or narrow of perspective the analyst may have when solving a problem.

To get your point across clearly by elaborating and by giving examples or illustrations

How deep or shallow the analysis is

conclusions that make sense

level of detail within you hypothesis

How the evidence applies to both the original question and your hypothesis

Weighs the relevance of the information as it applies to the decision maker's circumstances.

Most importance aspect of a given situation

Significance

Highstandard of objectivity

provide intelligence to our national government

created by National Security Act of 1947, headed by president.

Responsible for providing advice to the Predsidenct concerning domestic, forgein, and military policies relating to national security.

Created by National Security Act of 1947.

Responsible to the President through the DNI.

Major producer and manager of foreign military intelligence for the DOD.

IC focal point on issues such as support to deployed forces, assessments, policies, and resources.

Submits, validates, and manages all IMINT, SIGINT, MASINT, HUMINT requirements directed agains foreign areas.

IC's executive agent for all SIGINT activities.

HQ at Fort Meade, Maryland (NSAW)

Four Primary Centers:

Fort Gordon, GA (NSAG)

Lackland AFB, TX (NSAT)

Kunia, HI (NSAH)

Denver, CO (NSAC)

US Military service SIGINT activities subordinate to DIRNSA.

Participate in near- and long-term planning on issues to include architecture, design, engineering, manpower, and funding.

Assists w/coord between Army tactical units ans NSA concerning SIGINT

Provides guidance to cryptologic activites tasked by both Navy and NSA/CSS

Enable US global information superiority in peacetime as well as during hostilities.

Uniques and innovative technology, large-scale systems, engineering, development and acquisition, and operation of space reconnaissance systames.

Provide warning of potential military aggression, montior WMD programs, track terrorists... ect.

 Focal point for the functional managment of all Air Force intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) capabilities and reports to internal and external consumers.

Field operating agency that reports to A2 and is located on Security Hill, Lackland AFB, TX.

Organizes, trains, equips, and presents assigned forces and capabilities to conduct ISR utilizing assets ranging from worldwide ground sites to manned and unmanned airborne platforms.

US Air Force Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Agency (AFISRA)

provides critial, multidiscipline intel, counterintl, and info warfare support to Army CCs at all echelons.

Lead DoD production center for global maritime intelligence. Center of expertise for every maritime issue.

Provides intel to Marine operating force in support of operational and predeployment planning, training, and exercises.

lead in maritime homeland security initiatives

Fort Gordon, GA (NSAG)

Lackland AFB, TX (NSAT)

Kunia, HI (NSAH)

Denver, CO (NSAC)

Federal department charged w/ coord and supervising all agencies and functions of the government relating directly to national security and the military

Responsibil to ensure the readiness of their respective military services.

CJCS most senior US military officer - mil advisor to President and SECDEF

reduce US vulnerability to terrorism and to detect, prevent, and respond to terrorist attacks.

Ensure safe and secure borders, promoting free flow of commerce

Bureu of Intelligence and Research.

mission of harnessing intel to serve US diplomacy.

Uses all-source intel.

Oversees and protects vital national security capabilities ranging from nuclear wpns to energy research and development projects.

Guarentee secure, competitive, and environmentally responsible energy resources are produced

Terrorism and financial Intelligence Office.

Safeguards the US financial system against illicit use and combats rouge nations, terrorist facilitators, WMD proliferators, money launderers, drug lords, and other national security threats.

Conducts intelligence activities via its National Security Branch.

Develop comprehensive understanding of threats and infiltrate national and transnational networks that have a desire and capa. to harm US national security and interests.

Office of National Security Intelligence.

Shares info which enhances US efforts to reduce the supply of drugs, protect national security, and combat global terrorism.

Subunified under Stratcom.

DIRNSA is CC.

Plans, coord, integrates, synchs, and conducts activities to direct the ops and defense of DoD info networks, prepare to donduct full spectrum mil cyberspace ops IOT enable actions in all domains, and ensure US/Allies freedom in cyberspace

Conduct military ops or support to a specific situation.

Part of larger national or international effort.

Est on a geographical area or functional basis when msn has specific limited objs.

10 total:

Air Combat Command (ACC)

Air Education and Training Command (AETC)

Air Force Material Command (AFMC)

Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC)

Air Force Space Command (AFSC)

Air Force Spec. Forces Command (AFSOC)

Air Force Global Stike Command (AFGSC)

Air Mobility Command (AMC)

Unitied States Air Forces in Europe (USAFE)

Pacific Air Forces (PACAF)

Subtitle A - Gen. Military Law

Subtitle B - Army

Subtitle C - Navy and Marine Corps

Subtitle D - Air Force

Subtitle E - Reserve Components

outlines the role of the US National Guard.

Outlines the activation of guard and reserve units.

SIGINT

GEOINT

HUMINT

MASINT

OSINT

COMINT

ELINT

FISINT

info derived from intercepting, monitoring, and locating the adversary's communications systems.

Exploits enemy's comms, revealing enemy intentions

Gathered by intercepting non-comm signals of military and civilian radars.

Objective: ID emanations, correlate operating characteristics of radars, and locations.

Overall disposition of radar systems

Falls under GEOINT.

Derived from the exploitation of visual photography, IR sensors, lasers, electro-optical (EO), and radar sensors.

Publicly available information of intelligence value appearing in print or electronic form including radio, TV, newspars, internet, etc.

Performs and manages intel activities and functions including developing, evaluating, and providing intelligence info to support training, exercise, and ops at all levels.

All source intelligence analyst

1N1X1A - Geospatial intelligence analyst

1N1X1B - Geospatial intelligence targeteer

Involved in acquiring, identifying, processing, analyzing, and reporting electromagnetic emissions.

Deal w/signals comms (Morse code interceptors)

intercept, record, transcribe, and analyze voice comms.

Deal with COMINT

COMINT

ELINT

FISINT

measures and controls taken to deny unauthorized persons access to information derived from telecomm and to ensure the authenticity of those comms.

Includes:

Crypto Security

Emission Security

Traffic flow Security

Transmissions Security

Initial determination that information requires protection.

Original Classification Authorities (OCAs)

Define INFOSEC

What is the difference between and original classification and a derivative classification?

1. Asses the object you are about to lift
2. bend at your knees
3. tuck pelvis under and firm-up stomach muscles just before you lift
4. hug the object close
5. lift with you leg muscles

Dominating the information spectrum.

Information Superiority

Influence operations,

electronic warfare operations,

network warfare operations

focused on affecting the perceptions and behaviors of leaders, groups, or entire populations

Military deception

Defensive activity that helps prevent our adversaries from gaining and exploiting our critical information.

defined as information gathered and activities conducted to protect against espionage, other intelligence activities, operations, collections, and other related CI activities.

initiates, conducts, and oversees all AF CI investigations, activities, operations, collections, and other related CI activities.

lead activity and first line of defense against adversary propaganda and disinformation.

Involve efforts to negate, neutralize, or diminish effects of (or gain advantage) foreign PSYOP or propaganda.

Fundemental to military operations because it disrupts, damages, or destroys the enemy's resources to wage war.

Any military action involving the use of electromagnetic (EM) or directed energy to manipulate the EM spectrum to attack and adversary.

Electronic Attack (EA)

Electronic Protection (EP)

Electronic Warfare Support (ES)

Involves the use of EM-directed energy, or anti-radiation weapons to attack personnel, facilities, or equipment with the intent of deceiving, disrupting, denying, or destroying an adversary's combat capability

integrates EW, as an element of IO, with physical attack capabilities such as the us of high-speed anti-radiation missiles (HARM) against enemy integrated air defense systems (IADS)

defensively enhances use of the electronic spectrum for friendly forces and is focused on protecting personnel, facilities, and equipment from any effects of friendly or adversary actions agains them.

Used to located and ID all sources of EM energy

Integrated planning, employment, and assessment of military capabilities to achieve desired effects across the interconnected analog and digital network portion of the battlespace.

Network Attack (NetA)

Network Defense (NetD)

Network Warfare Support (NS)

Conducted using information systems to deceive, disrupt, deny, delay, degrade, or destroy information that resides in networks.

Primary effect is to influence the adversary's commander's decisions.

Planning, directing, and executing responses to unauthorized activities in defense of AF information systems and networks.

Leads to the development of appropriate defensive COAs to unauthorized activity.

Collection and production of network related data for immediate decisions involving NW Ops.

Critical to NetA and NetD actions to find, fix, track, and assess adversary and friendly sources of access and vulnerability.

Gain, exploit, and disseminate capabilities that continuously provide commanders valid information

ISR,

network operations (NetOps),

predictive battlespace awareness (PBA), and

precision navigation and timing (PNT)

integrated capability to task, collect, process, exploit, and disseminate accurate and timely intelligence.

Helps provide the commander the situational and battlespace awareness necessary to successfully plan and conduct operations.

Space-based navigation systems provide 3D positioning data and standard timing source to military as well as civil and commercial users worldwide.

 Psychological operations

Military Deception

Operations Security

Counterintelligence Operations

Public affairs operations

Counterpropaganda operations

Network attack

Network defense

Network warfare support

ISR

Network Ops

PBA

Precision Navigation and Timing

1. Planning and direction
2. Collection
3. Processing and exploitation
4. Analysis and Production
5. dissemination and Integration
6. Evaluation and feedback

Continuously conducted, normally intensifies during operation planning.

Examine specific operational tasks and subtasks and then determine what intelligence support and information will be required to achieve mission success.

intelligence requirements deemed most important to mission accomplishment.

Specific, time-sensitive, ad hoc requirements for intelligence or prodcuts to support an ongoing crisis or operation not necessarily related to standing requirements or scheduled intelligence production.

Operations acquire information about the adversary and battlespace and provide information to intelligence processing and exploitation elements.

Collected date is correlated and converted into a format suitable for subsequent analysis and production of intelligence.

primary mission of most intelligence units and is accomplished in response to expressed and anticipated user requirements.

conversion of information into intelligence products through a structured series of action which, although set out sequentially, may also take place concurrently.

information from single or multiple sources is received, collated, and entered into appropriate databases by the analysis and production elements of a unit.

Evaluated by the appropriated analysis and production element with respect to the reliability of the source and the credibility of the information.

Critical information and finished intelligence to appropriate consumers is paramount to attaining and maintaining information superiority.

DGS-1 = Langley AFB, VA

DGS-2 = Beale AFB, CA

DGS-3 OSAN AB, Rep of Korea

DGS-4 = Ramstein AB, Germany

DGS-5 = Hickam AFB, HI

1. Planning and Direction
2. Collection
3. Processing and Exploitation
4. Analysis and Production
5. Dissemination and intergration
6. Evaluation and feedback

DGS-1 Langley, VA

DGS-2 Beale, CA

Operations command center of the joint force air and space component commander (JFACC) or the combined force air and space component commander (CFACC)

Strategy Plans Team

Strategy Guidance Team

Operational Assessment Team

Targeting Effects Team

Master Air Attack Plan (MAAP) Team

Airt Tasking Order (ATO) Team

Command & Control Plans Team

Combat Ops Division is composed of:

Offensive Ops Team

Defensive Ops Team

Senior Intelligence Duty Officer (SIDO) Team

Interface Control Team

1. Analysis, Correlation, and Fusion (ACF) Team
2. Targets/Tactical Assessment Team
3. ISR Operations Team
4. Processing, Exploitation, Dissemination (PED) Management Team

Airlift Control Team

Air Refueling Control Team

Air Mobility Control Team

Aero Medical Evacuation Control Team

concentrated on long-range and near-term planning of air, space, and IO to achieve theater objective by developing, refining, disseminating, and assessing the JFACC air and space strategy

Responsibile for near-term air and space operations planning withing 48hours prior to ATO execution.

Responsible for the execution of the current ATO

plans, coordinates, tasks, and executes the air mobility mission in support of the air and space planning and execution process.

1. Strategy
2. Combat Plans
3. Combat Ops
4. ISR
5. Air Mobility

Mission types

Specific tgts to be struck

specific units tasked to do the job

when the tgt should be struck

kinds of aircraft or assets to be used to strike tgts

mission numbers

kinds of wpns to be used to do the job

responsible for providing the JFACC and AOC with 

- awareness of adversary activity in the battlespace

- assisting with ISR operations

-developing and maintaining targeting info about the adversary

- assisting with ISR operations 

Provide the AOC w/ divers caps to help orchestrate theater air and space ops.

Examples: IO, SC/PA, CSAR, JAG, WX, Info Management

act as interface btw the joint force land component commander (JFLCC) and the JFACC

Army's operational lead for joint theater air and missile defense and ensures Army's/land force's contribution to counter-air operations is properly planned, coord'd, integrated, and synchronized.

from US Navy and USMC

Integrate naval air, fires, and amphibious ops into theather AOC ops

Coord air support for naval components

Reps for Commander, Marine Corps Forces (COMMARFOR) and associated Aviation Combat Element Commander

inegrating MAGTF fires, maneuver, and Marine air into the theater campaign and supporting JAOP

Joint Force Special Operation Component Commander (JFSOCC) provided

coordinate, integrate, and deconflict SOF air, surface, and subsurface operations with joint air, space, and info ops

details how the theater air and space effort will support the JFC's overall operation/campaign plan

Equivilent to OPLAN

JFACC guidance and intent for air and space operations over a particular period

Provides operational/tactical objs and tasks and their measures of effectiveness for the ATO execution

directs the execution of air and space power during a crisis or contingency

list mission types, targets, units, times, types of acft, msn #s, wpn type

Contain information not otherwise availalbe in the ATO, but necessary for its implementation

Provides amplifying notes, important details, and changes suchs as CC's guidance, C2 battle management plan, ROE, CSAR procedures, and comm plan

1. Analysis, Correlation, and Fusion Team (ACF)
2. Targets and Tactical Assessment Team (Target/TA)
3. ISR Operations Team (ISR Ops)
4. Processing, Exploitation, and Dissemination Management Team (PED Managment)

Single manager of ISR caps allocated to JFACC

AOC's primary producer of actionable intelligence in support of air, space, and information operations.

Analysis Cell and Unit Support Cell

Analyze, Correlate, and Fuse intelligence/information into one commonly understood picture

Produce Order of Battles, Intel Summaries, Threat Updates, RFI Responses

Target Development and Tactical Assessment (TA) for AOC

Target Development and TA Cells

Process of developing, executing, and adjusting ISR strategy, and plans to satisfy theather intel requirements

ISR planning, RSTA Annex to ATO, coord w/JFC collection managers

Collection and RFI Managment Cells

Cood's w/joint, coalition, component, and national agencies intel procedures

ensures activities support ops

provides inputs to ISR Ops Team

Imagery Support Element (ISE)

National Tactical Integration

Provides access into the DCGS architecture

limited exploitation of imagery and GMTI feeds

Direct exploitation to AOC and backup exploitation node

integrates nation cryptologic process into AOC process

shift national SIGINT from discoverying/reporting data TO actionable intelligence

capitalizes on databases and data links of multiple national SIGINT

key future capability to conduct rapid, decisive operations

situational awareness needed to develop patterns of behavior, constraints, and opportunities of geography, topography, cultures, environment, and forces that allow us to misdirect, predict, and pre-empt our adversaires.

Catch a bank robber before he robs a bank

Intelligence Preparation of the Operational Environment (IPOE)

Target Development (TD)

ISR Strategy and Planning

ISR Employment

Assessment

rigorous analytical methodology focused on providing predictive intelligence to warfighters at the right time for planning and executing operations

reduce uncertainties about the adversary

visualize full adversary caps, potention centers of gravities (COGs) and possible coarse of actions (COAs)

1) DEFINE the operational environment

2) DESCRIBE the operational environment effects

3) EVALUATE the adversary

4) DETERMINE adversary COA

defines intel problems and ids specifice features in the environment

activities withing it

space where they exist that may influence available COA or CC's decision for futher analysis

hoe the operational environment may affect both adversayr and friendly operations

primary purpose - provide CC and planning staff an understanding of how aspects of the operation environment provide benefits and can be exploited to OUR ADVANTAGE

Purpose - determine adversary's;

Center of Gravities (COGs)

Capabilities

Doctrine

Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TTPs)

Products:

 Threat models for the AOC

ID of time-critical targets for the Targeting/TA Team

Identifies likely adversary COA that can be exploited to shape the battlespace and accomplish friendly mission

2nd Component of PBA

systeatic process of evaluating potential target systems and individual targets for their significance, vulnerabilities, and exploitable characteristics

Goal: Achieve CC's desired battlefield effects

Target Development (TD)

1) Target Analysis

2) Target Vetting

3) Target Validation

4) Target Nomination Lists

5) Determing ISR collection and exploitiation requirements

Uses info derived from IPOE and TD

Strategy to focus ISR assets and sequence ISR ops in response to intel and targeting requirments

Goal: Anticipate adversary's plan while continiuing to refine our predictive processes

capability to dynamically control ISR sensors and platforms to satisfy CCIRs

Must support targeting, dynamic maneuver, force insertions, base opening, force protection, and combat assessment

Indications and Warning (I&W)

Combat Identification/Assessment

Situational Awareness

Force Protection

CSAR

National Requirments

used to measure progress toward mission accomplishment

evaluating how each PBA component is contributing to the CC's overall understanding of, and ability to shape, the battlespace

1) Define the battlespace envirnoment

2) Describe the battlespace effects

3) Evaluate the adversary

4) Determine adversary COAs

defines intelligence problems

indentifies specific features and may influence adversary COA

F2T2EA

Find

Fix

Track

Target

Engage

Assess

ID of the target as hostile is confirmed

engagment is order and transmitted

desired result = successful action against the target

Commander's Objectives, Guidance, and Intent

Targeting development, vetting, validation, nomination, and prioritization

Capablities analysis (Weaponeering)

Force Application

Mission Planning and force execution

Combat assessment

This starts by analysing a potential target system. Selected targets are analyzed.

Targets are validated and prioritized

_____ determine when, where, how, and agains whom military force is used.

____ are non-military facilities upon which attacks are prohibited, unless the adversary uses a facility in violation of LOAC.

EX: schools, churches, hospitals, important cultural landmarks

____ are legitimate military targets, but ones for which damage would impede friendly operations or violate existing ROE

EX: lines of communications, airfields pland for use by friendly forces, comm facilites the provide intel, targets close proximity to politically sensitive areas

____ is unintentional or incidental injury or damage to person or objects that would not be lawful military targets under prevailing conditions. Damage is lawful so long as it is not excessive 

EX: Bomb frag from legal target strike civilian area

1. Find
2. Fix
3. Track
4. Target
5. Engage
6. Assess

T/F

Commanders may designate a target as restriced to strikes if friendly forces anticipate the planned use of said target.

T/F

Collateral damage results from the intentional targeting of non-military targets.

United Stated Geological Survey (USGS) produced "Topographic Map Symbols"

"Geospatial Symbols for Digital Displays"

___ are any towers, buildings, or tall trees that pose a navigational hazard that are atleast 200 ft tall

[image]

___ is the height of the highest known feature in a section of the map

[image]

____ shows the geographic area that a map covers, also shows the surround maps and their coverage.

[image]

A ___ identifies the military grid reference zone and subdivisions covered by the chart.

[image]

A ___ shows statue miles, kilometers, and nautical miles

[image]

___ on the map defines chart specifici names and commonly used terms to describe the geographic features

[image]

___ is used on charts to show elevation differences. Illimuinating the map from the northwest corner causes south and east side of hills,mountains, and valleys to be darker

[image]

___ are specific location on the chart that are known elevations

[image]

___ and source information indicates the soure and dates of material

[image]

____ consists of caution boxes and a notes section which provide detailed information about the chart

[image]

Decimal Degrees

Degrees and Minutes

Degrees, Minutes, and Seconds