Shared Flashcard Set

Details

1. Homeostasis and Body Organization
N/A
38
Physiology
Undergraduate 2
08/29/2012

Additional Physiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

What is physiology?

 

Definition
  • the scientific study of an organism's normal vital functions
  • Physis "nature" + logia "study" = science of the normal function of living things

 

 

Term
How do physiological processes arise?
Definition
evolution
Term

Physiology is a _______ and _______ discipline.

 

 

Definition
integrative, comparative
Term

What is the hypotheticcodeductive method?

 

 

Definition

1. ask a question about nature

2. propose alternative hypothesis to explain

3. design experiments or observations that test hypothesis

4. conduct observations and experiments

5. using outcome, refine earlier questions and design new hypothesis and tests

 

Term
In what ways are cell self-sufficient?
Definition
organization, regulation, support, movement, and replication
Term
The ______ the organism, the ______ the surface area to volume ratio.
Definition
larger, smaller
Term
What adaptations does a large animal have to overcome their small surface are to volume ratio in regards to excretion?
Definition
They have a highly branched circulatory and respiratory system.
Term

_______ and _______ systems are the major control systems with the brain serving as the primary integrator.

 

Definition
Nervous, endocrine
Term
Who were Claude Bernard and Canon?
Definition
  • Claude Bernard came up with the concept of homeostasis
  • Canon coined the word
Term
What does the word homeostasis mean?
Definition

"homeo": similar

"stasis": to stay

Term
Body cells are in contact with a privately maintained _________ environment instead of the __________ environment.
Definition
internal, external
Term
___________ is the main regulatory mechanism for homeostasis.
Definition
negative feedback
Term
What is an example of negative feedback?
Definition
temperature regulation
Term
What is an example of positive feedback?
Definition
when a baby is being born (release of oxytocin)
Term
Similar cells form _______.
Definition
tissues
Term
Glands originate from __________ tissue as it grows into __________ tissue.
Definition
epithelial, connective
Term
__________ are when 2 or more tissues combine to perform a specific function.
Definition
organs
Term
_____________ result from combinations of organs that function in a complementary fashion.
Definition
body systems
Term

What are the three basic germ layers?

 

Definition
endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm
Term
What does the ectoderm turn into?
Definition
neural tissue, lining of digestive tract, and skin, including mammary glands
Term
What does the mesoderm turn into?
Definition
muscle, vessels, bones, and connective tissue
Term
What does the endoderm turn into?
Definition
lungs, visceral organs, gut, and liver
Term
What are the three beginning stages of a developing baby?
Definition
zygote, blastocyst, gastrula
Term
What are the four types of tissues?
Definition
connective, epithelial, neaural, and muscle
Term
What germ layer does muscle tissue originate from?
Definition
mesoderm
Term
What germ layer does neural tissue originate from?
Definition
ectoderm
Term
What germ layer does connective tissue originate from?
Definition
mesoderm
Term
What germ layer does epithelial tissue originate from?
Definition
ectoderm
Term
What are the three types of epithelial secretory cells?
Definition
squamous, cubical, and columnar
Term
What are the three types of exocrine glands?
Definition
apocrine, holocrine, and merocrine
Term
What are the three types of cell signaling besides exocrine and endocrine?
Definition
autocrine, paracrine, and juxtacrine
Term
What is an autocrine signal?
Definition
signaling that can target the same cell
Term
What is paracrine signaling?
Definition
signaling that targets nearby cells
Term
What is juxtacrine signaling?
Definition
signaling transmitted via protein or lipid components integral to the membrane and are capable of affecting either the emitting cell or cells imediately adjacent
Term
What is an exocrine gland?
Definition
a gland that secretes its product into ducts
Term
What are some examples of exocrine glands?
Definition
salivary, sweat, stomach, liver, mammary, and pancreas glands
Term
What is an endocrine gland?
Definition
an integrated system of small organs with ductless glands in which ectracellular signaling molecules are passed into the bloodstream for circulation
Term
What are the three main functions of endocrine glands?
Definition
regulates metabolism, growth and development, and tissue function
Supporting users have an ad free experience!