Term
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Definition
- the scientific study of an organism's normal vital functions
- Physis "nature" + logia "study" = science of the normal function of living things
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Term
| How do physiological processes arise? |
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Definition
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Term
Physiology is a _______ and _______ discipline.
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Definition
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Term
What is the hypotheticcodeductive method?
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Definition
1. ask a question about nature
2. propose alternative hypothesis to explain
3. design experiments or observations that test hypothesis
4. conduct observations and experiments
5. using outcome, refine earlier questions and design new hypothesis and tests
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Term
| In what ways are cell self-sufficient? |
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Definition
| organization, regulation, support, movement, and replication |
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Term
| The ______ the organism, the ______ the surface area to volume ratio. |
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Definition
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Term
| What adaptations does a large animal have to overcome their small surface are to volume ratio in regards to excretion? |
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Definition
| They have a highly branched circulatory and respiratory system. |
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Term
_______ and _______ systems are the major control systems with the brain serving as the primary integrator.
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Definition
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Term
| Who were Claude Bernard and Canon? |
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Definition
- Claude Bernard came up with the concept of homeostasis
- Canon coined the word
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Term
| What does the word homeostasis mean? |
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Definition
"homeo": similar
"stasis": to stay |
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Term
| Body cells are in contact with a privately maintained _________ environment instead of the __________ environment. |
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Definition
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Term
| ___________ is the main regulatory mechanism for homeostasis. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an example of negative feedback? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an example of positive feedback? |
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Definition
| when a baby is being born (release of oxytocin) |
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Term
| Similar cells form _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Glands originate from __________ tissue as it grows into __________ tissue. |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ are when 2 or more tissues combine to perform a specific function. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____________ result from combinations of organs that function in a complementary fashion. |
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Definition
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Term
What are the three basic germ layers?
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Definition
| endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm |
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Term
| What does the ectoderm turn into? |
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Definition
| neural tissue, lining of digestive tract, and skin, including mammary glands |
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Term
| What does the mesoderm turn into? |
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Definition
| muscle, vessels, bones, and connective tissue |
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Term
| What does the endoderm turn into? |
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Definition
| lungs, visceral organs, gut, and liver |
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Term
| What are the three beginning stages of a developing baby? |
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Definition
| zygote, blastocyst, gastrula |
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Term
| What are the four types of tissues? |
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Definition
| connective, epithelial, neaural, and muscle |
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Term
| What germ layer does muscle tissue originate from? |
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Definition
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Term
| What germ layer does neural tissue originate from? |
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Definition
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Term
| What germ layer does connective tissue originate from? |
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Definition
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Term
| What germ layer does epithelial tissue originate from? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three types of epithelial secretory cells? |
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Definition
| squamous, cubical, and columnar |
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Term
| What are the three types of exocrine glands? |
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Definition
| apocrine, holocrine, and merocrine |
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Term
| What are the three types of cell signaling besides exocrine and endocrine? |
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Definition
| autocrine, paracrine, and juxtacrine |
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Term
| What is an autocrine signal? |
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Definition
| signaling that can target the same cell |
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Term
| What is paracrine signaling? |
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Definition
| signaling that targets nearby cells |
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Term
| What is juxtacrine signaling? |
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Definition
| signaling transmitted via protein or lipid components integral to the membrane and are capable of affecting either the emitting cell or cells imediately adjacent |
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Term
| What is an exocrine gland? |
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Definition
| a gland that secretes its product into ducts |
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Term
| What are some examples of exocrine glands? |
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Definition
| salivary, sweat, stomach, liver, mammary, and pancreas glands |
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Term
| What is an endocrine gland? |
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Definition
| an integrated system of small organs with ductless glands in which ectracellular signaling molecules are passed into the bloodstream for circulation |
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Term
| What are the three main functions of endocrine glands? |
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Definition
| regulates metabolism, growth and development, and tissue function |
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