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| n. (surgeries) For example surgery is medical treatment in which someone’s body is cut open so that a doctor can repair remove or replace a diseased or damaged part. The doctor performed surgery on the heart-diseased patient. |
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| adj. [medically;medicals] physician; doc; doctor; medico For example medical means relating to illness and injuries and to their treatment or prevention. Several police officers received medical treatment for cuts and bruises. |
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| n. (treatments) For example treatment is medical attention given to a sick or injured person or animal. Many patients are not getting the medical treatment they need. |
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| n. [bruises;bruising;bruised] boo-boo; abrasion; scrape; scratch For example a bruise is an injury which appears as a purple mark on your body although the skin is not broken. How did you get that bruise on your cheek? |
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| n. (symptoms) indication; evidence; index; indicia; mark; sign; significant; token. For example a symptom of an illness is something wrong with your body or mind that is a sign of the illness. I thought I ought to let you know my symptoms have already been relieved. |
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| n. [specifies;specifying;specified;specific;specifically] cite; instance; name For example if you specify something you give information about what is required or should happen in a certain situation. He has not specified what action he would like them to take. |
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| n. (estates) acres; land; manor For example someone’s estate is all the money and property that he/she leaves behind them when he/she dies. Mrs. Green’s specified that her estate be auctioned off for her charity. |
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| n. (executors) For example an executor is someone whose name you write in your will when you want him to be responsible for dealing with your affairs after your death. Who is the executor? |
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| n. (committees) For example a committee is a group of people who meet to make decisions or plans for a large group or organization that they represent. Has the acquisition committee decided which precision cutting machines to buy? |
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| n. (acquisitions) acquirement; accomplishment; achievement; attainment; finish For example if a company or business person makes an acquisition he/she buys another company or part of that company. What will turn around our business is the acquisition of a profitable paper recycling company. |
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| n. [preciseness;precise] accuracy; correctness; definiteness; definitiveness; definitude; exactitude; exactness; preciseness For example if you do something with precision you do it exactly as it should be done. The interior is planned with a precision the military would be proud of. Adjective~ made or done in a very exact way The wheat is milled with precision grinding. |
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| adj. advantageous; gainful; good; lucrative; moneymaking; paying; remunerative; well-paying; worthwhile For example a profitable organization or practice makes a profit. Drug manufacturing is the most profitable business in America. |
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| n. (interiors) inner; inner more; inside; internal; intestine; inward For example the interior of a country or continent is the central area or it. The Yangzi River would give access to much of China’s interior. |
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| v. [grinds;grinding;and ground] drudge; grub; muck; plod; slave; slog; toil For example if you grind a substance such as corn you crush it between two hard surfaces or with a machine until it becomes a fine powder. Store the peppercorns in an airtight container and grind the pepper as you need it. |
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| v. [clarifies;clarifying;clarified] clear; clear up; elucidate; explain; illuminate; illustrate; explain For example to clarify something means to make it easier to understand usually by explaining it in more detail. {formal} Thank you for writing and allowing me to clarify the present position. |
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| n. (specifications) requirement; guideline For example a specification is a requirement which is clearly stated for example about the necessary features in the design of something. I’d like to buy some land and have a house built to my specification. |
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| n. (contenders) competitor For example a contender is someone who takes part in a competition. Her trainer said yesterday that she would be a strong contender for a place in Britain’s Olympic squad. |
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| v. [retards;retarding;retarded] delay; decelerate; detain; hang up; mire; set back; slacken; slow (up or down) For example if something retards a process or the development of something it makes it happen more slowly. {formal} Continuing violence will retard negotiations over the country’s future. |
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| n. For example the extinction of a species of animal or plant is the death of all its remaining living members. An operation is beginning to try to save a species of crocodile from extinction. |
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| v. [encroaches;encroaching;encroached] trespass; entrench; infringe; invade For example if one thing encroaches on another the first thing spreads or becomes stronger and slowly begins to restrict the power range or effectiveness of the second. Any attempt to encroach upon presidential prerogatives in this domain was quickly and firmly resisted. |
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| v. [spreads;spreading;spread] circulate; diffuse; disperse; disseminate; distribute; propagate; radiate; strew For example if something spreads or is spread by people it gradually reaches or affects a larger and larger area or more and more people. News of the large earthquake quickly spread across the nation. |
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| v. [restricts;restricting;restricted] limit; bar; circumscribe; confine; delimit; delimitate For example if you restrict something you put a limit on it in order to prevent it from becoming too great. The French I believe restrict Japanese imports to a maximum of three percent or their market. |
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| adj. For example Presidential activities or things relate or belong to a president. There are several presidential candidates. |
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| n. (domains) field; dominion; province; sphere; terrain; territory; walk For example a domain is a particular field of thought activity or interest especially one over which someone has control influence or rights. {formal} This information should be in the public domain. |
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| v. [resists;resisting;resisted] buck; combat; contest; dispute; duel; fight; oppose; repel; traverse; withstand; if you resist; something such as a change; you refuse to accept it and try to prevent it. They resisted our attempt to modernize the distribution of books. |
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| n. (candidates) applicant; aspirant; hopeful; seeker For example a candidate is someone who is being considered for a position for example someone who is running in an election or applying for a job. He is a candidate for the office of Governor. |
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| adj. [deliberates;deliberating;deliberated] planned; projected; schemed; calculated; careful; meticulous; scrupulous; foresighted; forethoughtful; provident; prudent |
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| v. [sips;sipping;sipped] drink; imbibe; quaff; sup (off or up); swallow; toss For example if you sip a drink or sip at it you drink by taking just a small amount at a time. He sipped at the glass and then put it down. |
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| n. [branches;branching;branched] limb bough For example the branches of a tree are the parts that grow out from its trunk and have leaves flowers or fruit growing on them. They’re cutting a branch off the tree. |
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| n. (trunks) For example the trunk of a tree is the large main stem from which the branches grow. The house was built beside the gnarled trunk of a birch tree. |
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| n. [stems;stemming;stemmed] For example the stem of a plant is the thin upright part on which the flowers and leaves grow. He stepped down cut the stem for her with his knife and handed her the flower. |
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| adj. For example a gnarled tree is twisted and strangely shaped because it is old. There is a large and beautiful garden full of ancient gnarled trees. |
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| adj. aged; age-old; antediluvian; antique; hoary; old; timeworn; venerable; obsolete For example ancient means very old or something which has existed for a long time. They have practiced ancient Jewish traditions all of their lives. |
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| n. (ladders) For example a ladder is a piece of equipment used for climbing up something or down from something. It consists of two long pieces of wood metal or rope with steps fixed between them. He is doing some work on a ladder. |
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| v. extinguish; douse; out; quench; squelch For example if you put out a fire candle or cigarette you make it stop burning. Fireman tried to free the injured and put out the blaze. |
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| n. [blazes;blazing;blazed] blare; flame; flare; glare; glow For example a blaze is a large fire which is difficult to control and which destroys a lot of things. Two firemen were hurt in a blaze which swept through a tower clock last night. |
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| v. [sweeps;sweeping;swept] circulate; diffuse; disperse; disseminate; distribute For example if events ideas or beliefs sweep through a place they spread quickly. A flu epidemic is sweeping through Moscow. |
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| n. [polishes;polishing;polished] luster; glaze; glint; gloss; sheen; shine For example polish is a substance that you put on the surface of an object in order to clean it and make it shine. She used furniture polish to restore her dance shoes back to their original color. |
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| v. [rubs;rubbing;rubbed] buff; burnish; furbish; glance; glaze; gloss; shine For example if you rub an object or a surface you move a cloth backward and forward over it in order to clean or dry it. She took off her glasses and rubbed them hard. |
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| n. (participants) actor; partaker; participator; party; sharer For example the participants in an activity are the people who take part in it. The speaker gave all participants an opportunity to voice their opinions. |
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| n. (instruments) implement; tool; utensil For example a musical instrument is an object such as a piano guitar or flute which you play in order to produce music. Learning a musical instrument introduces a child to an understanding of music. |
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| v. phrase For example to make a point is to give a fact idea or opinion. One person is making a point to the others. |
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| n. (rows) line; file; queue; rank; string; tier For example a row of things or people is a number of them arranged in a line. The men are arranging school desks and chairs into neat rows. |
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| adj. [neater;neatest] orderly; prim; shipshape; snug; spick-and-span; tidy; trim; uncluttered; well-groomed For example a neat object part of the body or shape is quite small and has a smooth outline. He folded his clothes in a neat pile on the chair. |
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| n. (overpasses) For example an overpass is a structure which carries one road over the top of another one. The highway ends at the overpass. |
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| v. For example when a vehicle or driver pulls over the vehicle moves closer to the side of the road and stops there. Some cars have pulled over to the side of the road. |
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| n. [piles;piling;piled] drift; heap; hill; mass; mound; mountain; mow; pyramid For example a pile of thing is a quantity of things that have been put neatly somewhere so that each thing is on top of the one below. There is a pile of boxes in the garage. ~ v. If you pile things somewhere you put them there so that they form a pile. He was piling clothes into the case. |
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| v. [leans;leaning;leaned;leant] For example if you lean on or against someone or something you rest against it so that it partly supports your weight. If you lean an object on or against something you place the object so that it is partly supported by that thing. She was feeling tired and was glad to lean against him. ~ adj. Lean can also mean to become thin or to lose weight. After three weeks of long distance running and weight-lifting she became very lean. |
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| v. [mows;mowing;mowed;mown] clip; crop; cut For example if you mow an area of grass you cut it using a machine called lawn mower. He continued to mow the lawn and do other routine chores. |
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| n. (lawns) For example a lawn is an area of grass that is kept cut short and is usually part of someone’s garden or backyard or part of a pack. They were sitting on the lawn under a large beech tree. |
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| n. (routines) ordinary; everyday; plain; plain Jane; quotidian; unremarkable; usual; workaday For example you use routine to describe activities that are done as a normal part of a job or process. The operator has to be able to carry out routine maintenance of the machine. |
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| n. (chores) task; assignment; duty; job For example chores are tasks such as cleaning washing and ironing that have to be done regularly at home. My husband and I both go out to work so we share the household chores. |
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| adj. (dues) unpaid; mature; outstanding; overdue; owing; payable; unsettled For example if something is due at a particular time it is expected to happen be done or arrive at the time. The rent is due at the end of the month. |
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| adj. (unlikeliest) improbable; doubtful; dubious; questionable For example if you say that something is unlikely to happen or unlikely to be true you believe that it will not happen or that it is not true although you are not completely sure. Would Ms. Wines be free to attend this meeting? It’s unlikely. |
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| n. (tablets) For example a tablet is a small round mass of medicine which you swallow. It is never a good idea to take sleeping tablets regularly for this kind of wakefulness. |
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| v. [swallows;swallowing;swallowed] down; take For example if you swallow something you cause it go from your mouth down into your stomach. You are asked to swallow a capsule containing vitamin B. |
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| n. (pharmacies) For example a pharmacy is a department where medicines are sold or given. Make sure you understand exactly how to take your medicines before you leave the pharmacy. |
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| n. [prospects;prospecting;prospected] vista; lookout; outlook; perspective For example if there is some prospect of something happening there is a possibility that it will happen. What are my promotion prospects in this job? |
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| prepositional phrase For example if you are in charge in a particular situation you are the most senior person and have control over something or someone. Who’s in charge here? |
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| n. (anniversaries) For example an anniversary is a date which is remembered or celebrated because a special event happened on that date in a previous year. Vietnam is celebrating the one hundredth anniversary of the birth of Ho Chi Minh. |
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| v. [lowers;lowering;lowered] abate; bate; close; diminish; drain (away); dwindle; lessen; peak (out); peter (out); rebate; recede; reduce; taper; taper off For example if you lower something you make it less in amount degree value or quality. The central Bank has lowered interest rates by two percent. |
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| adj. (unanimously) agreed; agreeing; concordant; concurrent; harmonious For example when a group of people are unanimous they all agree about something or all vote for the same thing. The people were unanimous in their condemnation of the proposals. |
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| n. (editors) For example an editor is the person who is in charge of a newspaper or magazine and who decides what will be published in each edition of it. The Los Angeles Times newspaper will hire a new editor next month. |
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| n. (condemnations) For example condemnation is the act of saying that something or someone is bad and unacceptable. There was widespread condemnation of Saturday’s killings. |
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| v. phrase For example when you are on your own you are alone. Speaker A~ ‘‘Who’s going to the overseas branch with you?’‘ Speaker B~ ‘‘I’ll be on my own.’‘ |
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| n. direct; freight; export For example shipping is the transporting of cargo as a business especially on ships. The international shipping industry performs seventy-five percent of the world’s exports and imports. |
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| adj. cogent; convincing; satisfactory; satisfying; solid; sound; telling For example if a ticket or other document is valid it can be used and will be accepted by people in authority. How long is the warranty valid? |
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| n. (basements) base; bed; bottom; footing; foundation; ground; groundwork; substructure; understructure For example the basement of a building is a floor built partly or completely below ground level. They bought an old schoolhouse to live in and built a workshop in the basement. |
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| n. [invoices;invoicing;invoiced] bill; account; reckoning; score; statement; tab For example an invoice is a document that lists goods that have been supplied or services that have been done and says how much money you owe for them. We will then send you an invoice for the total course fees. |
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| n. [budgets;budgeting;budgeted] aggregate; amount; bulk; quantity; quantum; total For example your budget is the amount of money that you have available to spend. This year’s budget for AIDS prevention probably won’t be much higher. |
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| n. (initiatives) enterprise; ambition; drive; get-up-and-go; push For example an initiative is an important act or statement that is intended to solve a problem. The Government initiative to help young people has been inadequate. |
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| n. (revisions) recession; redraft; review; revisal; revise For example to make a revision of something that is written or something that has been decided means to make changes to it in order to improve it make it more modern or make it more suitable for a particular purpose. The government will also make a number of revisions to reflect better data since the original figures were released. |
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| adj. (inadequately) defective; incomplete; insufficient; lacking; incomplete; wanting For example if something is inadequate there is not enough of it or it is not good enough. Supplies of food and medicines are inadequate. |
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| v. [reflects;reflecting;reflected] think; cerebrate; cogitate; deliberate; reason; speculate For example if something reflects an attitude or situation it shows that the attitude or situation exists or it shows what it is like. The low value of the dollar reflects growing concern about the U.S. |
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| v. [ensures;ensuring;ensured] assure; cinch; insure; secure; make sure For example to ensure something or to ensure that something happens means to make certain that it happens. Ensure that it is written into your contract. |
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| n. (reserves) backlog; hoard; inventory; nest egg; reservoir; stock; stockpile; store For example a reserve is a supply of something that is available for use when it is needed. A friend can be a reserve of help in times of trouble. |
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| n. (subcontractors) For example a subcontractor is a person or firm that has a contract to do part of job which another firm is responsible for. The company was considered as a possible subcontractor to build the airplane. |
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| v. [subjects;subjecting;subjected] expose; lay (open); uncover For example if you subject someone to something unpleasant you make him/her experience it. The budget proposal you wrote contains some excellent initiatives but we made a few revisions that would ensure we are not subjecting ourselves to unrealistic price expectations from the subcontractors. |
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| n. [contracts;contracting;contracted] agreement; bargain; bond; compact; convention; covenant; pact; transaction For example a contract is a legal agreement usually between two companies or between an employer and employee which involves doing work for a stated sum of money. The company won a prestigious contract for work on Europe’s tallest building. |
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| adj. [prestige;prestigiously] famous; celebrated; distinguished; eminent; famed; illustrious; notable; prominent; renowned For example a prestigious institution job or activity is respected and admired by people. It’s one of the best equipped and most prestigious schools in the country. |
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| v. [equips;equipping;equipped] furnish; accouter; appoint; arm; fit out; gear; outfit; rig; turn out For example if you equip a person or things with something you give him/her the tools or equipment that are needed. Thanks to some endowments from some private companies this laboratory is a well- equipped research building. |
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| n. (beatings) defeat; debacle; licking; overthrow; rout; thrashing For example if someone is given a beating he/she is hit hard many times especially with something such as a stick. The team secured pictures of prisoners showing signs of severe beatings. |
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| n. [abuses;abusing;abused] contumely; invective; obloquy; scurrility; vituperation For example abuse of something is cruel and violent treatment of it. The police conducted an investigation of alleged child abuse. |
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| n. [figures;figuring;figures] chuffer; cipher; digit; integer; numeral; whole number For example a figure is a particular amount expressed as a number especially a statistic. It would be very nice if we had a true figure of how many people in this country are unemployed. |
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| v. [submits;submitting;submitted] bring; deliver; present; offer; proffer; tender; send in; provide For example if you submit a proposal report or request to someone you formally send it to him/her so that he/she can consider it or decide about it. They submitted their reports to the Chancellor yesterday. |
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| n. [drafts;drafting;drafted] draw up; formulate; frame; make; prepare For example a draft is an early version of a letter book or speech. If you recalculate some of the figures and submit another draft by tomorrow you will still be able to turn in the report by the deadline. |
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| n. [allocate;allocated;allocations] For example an allocation is an amount of something especially money that is given to a particular person or used for a particular purpose. We need to reconsider allocations for expenditures. |
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| n. [expend;expenditures] expense; cost; disbursement; outlay For example expenditure is the spending of money on something or the money that is spent on something. Polices of tax reduction must lead to reduced public expenditures. |
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| n. (procedures) proceeding For example a procedure is a way of doing something especially the usual or correct way. Police insist that Chia-Chin Yu did not follow the correct procedures in applying for a visa. |
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| v. [manages;managing;managed] conduct; carry on; direct; keep; operate; ordain; run For example if you manage to do something especially something difficult you succeed in doing it. Somehow he’d managed to persuade Kay to buy one for him. |
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| v. [revises;revising;revised] redraft; redraw; restyle; revamp; rework; rewrite; work over For example when you revise an article a book a law or a piece of music you change it in order to improve it make it modern or make it more suitable for a particular purpose. The staff should work together to improve or revise the syllabus or school curriculum. |
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| v. [retains;retaining;retained] have; enjoy; hold; own; possess For example to retain something means to continue to have that thing. {formal} Other countries retained their traditional and habitual ways of doing things. |
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| n. (conferences) colloquium; colloquy; palaver; rap session; seminar For example a conference is a meeting often lasting a few days which is organized on a particular subject or to bring together people who have a common interest. Henry I am sorry to have kept you waiting. I just got back from the conference. |
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| adj. before; ahead; ante; antecedently; fore; forward; in advance; precedent; previous For example if you do something beforehand you do it earlier than a particular event. That sounds fine to me. I’ll bring chairs over from my office beforehand. |
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| n. (attorneys) lawyer; attorney-at-law For example in the United States an attorney or attorney-at-law is a lawyer. All the company attorneys are in a meeting now. But a contracted lawyer is around. |
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| n. (itineraries) For example an itinerary is a plan or journey including the route and places that you will visit. |
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| v. to occupy the full attention of; for example; to take in moisture or liquid Therapists who believe in the reality of Multiple Personality Disorder generally believe it to be caused by very severe abuse during childhood violence so extreme that the child cannot absorb the trauma in its entirety. |
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| v. to give up without intending to return or claim again Vinland was the first European Settlement in the New World but now was abandoned. |
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| n. the part of the body containing the digestive and reproductive organs In the middle of the abdomen lies a 20 foot long small intestine. |
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| v. to seize or detain a person unlawfully Child molesters often abduct children within 200 feet of their home. |
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