Term
____ mode starts on D and its hypo____ mode starts on
( D is finalis) |
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Definition
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Term
____ mode starts on E and hypo_____ starts on B
(Finalis is E) |
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Definition
| Phyrigian and Hypophrygian Mode |
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Term
____ mode starts on F and hypo____ starts on C
(Finalis is F)
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Definition
| Lydian and hypolydian mode |
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Term
________mode starts on G and hypo _______ starts on D
Finalis is G |
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Definition
| Mixolydian and hypomixolydian |
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Term
______ mode starts on A and hypo______ starts on E
(Finalis is A) |
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Definition
| Aeolian and hypoaeolian mode |
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Term
| Finalis is another way of saying what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The reciting tone is also known as what ? Also how do you find this tone? |
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Definition
The reciting tone is also known as the Dominant (V) of the tonic or Finalis -
IE- If the Finalis is F -the mode is Lydian - and the V of an F scale is C - therefore your reciting tone is C and it makes up the Hypolydian scale. |
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Term
| What type of motion is forbidden in 16th century counterpoint in a melodic line? |
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Definition
| "similar/hidden/direct" - 5th's, 8th's, 12th's, and unisons. |
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Term
| What must happen when approaching an perfect interval? |
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Definition
| 1- one of the 2 voices must move by step, 2- The note preceeding the perfect interval must form a consonance, and 3- the notes preceeding the perfect interval must be WHITE notes. |
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Term
| What kind of whole note can occur ONLY on a strong beat? |
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Definition
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Term
| what kind of note can only occur on a half note beat? |
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Definition
| dotted half note ( ie do not tie from a shorter to a longer note value) |
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Term
| Can you write syncopated half notes? |
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Definition
| No, they are rare in this literature. - another way of thinking of this is NEVER tie from a weak quarter note. |
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Term
What are some tendencies for points of imitation?
( Ie: they start slow and speed up later in the peice) |
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Definition
1-Start piece with a whole note or longer
2. avoid placing a long value in the middle of a phrase ( dotted whole note or longer)
3. After a point of imitation begins - and speeds up use Quarter notes liberally.
4. Use pairs of 8th notes only occasionally |
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Term
| What does first and 2nd species counterpoint mean? |
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Definition
| first is note against note ( whole notes) and 2nd is two notes against one ( half notes agaisnt whole) |
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Term
| Name the perfect consonances: |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the Imperfect consonances: |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the dissonant harmonic intervals: |
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Definition
| 2, 4, 7, 9 , 11, and ALL DIM and AUG intervals... |
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Term
| What are some types of motion in two voices? |
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Definition
| Parallel, Similar, Oblique, and Contrary |
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Term
| What must happen when two voices start together on white notes? |
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Definition
| They MUST begin with a perfect consonance!!! |
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Term
| the first note of the piece has to be atleast a _____________ in length. |
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Definition
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Term
| The final cadence of a piece must be one of two things.... |
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Definition
| Unison or an Octave! - AND the motion must be STEPWISE in BOTH voices. |
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Term
Perfect intervals must be approached by what?
What is the ONLY exception? |
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Definition
Perfect intervals must be approached by contrary or oblique motion ( no parallel or similar motion unisons, 5th or octaves)
**The only exeption is : sometimes a P5 may be approached by similar motion - and in this case only one of the voices has to move by step.** |
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Term
| How many consecutive Parallel 3rds or 6ths is acceptable? |
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Definition
| 3... but 4 is the absolute maximum!! |
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Term
| Consonant intervals larger than _______ are somewhat less frequent - because the voices are so seperated. |
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Definition
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Term
| How much voice crossing is acceptable? |
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Definition
| a good rule of thumb is no more that 20 percent of the piece should have voice cross. |
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Term
| Where should unisons appear? Strong or weak beat? |
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Definition
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Term
| Can octaves be used on strong beats? how often? |
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Definition
| yes they can, but they are to be used very infrequently |
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Term
| avoid more than ___ perfect intervals in a row.... |
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Definition
2
** Use a mixture of P and IMPerfect intervals with a preference for imperfect consonances. ( 3 and 6)
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Term
| What should you avoid doing with simultaneously in both parts - on white notes? |
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Definition
| Skipping in both voices at the same time... |
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Term
| What notes are to be used in addition to Bflat? |
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Definition
| only natural notes. - and only use Bb for a specific purpose. |
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Term
| What are the only notes that can be used as ficta and only as what? |
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Definition
| F#, C#, and G# - and they can only be used as CADENCES! |
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Term
| What kind of leaps or skips are PROHIBITED - with the acception of an octave leap? |
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Definition
| Augmented, diminished and any leaps larger than a 6th! |
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Term
What kind of skips of a 6th are to be avoided?
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Definition
| descending skips of 6ths... and also ascending skips of a Major 6th. |
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Term
| Outlines of what intervals are prohibited? |
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Definition
Augmented 4ths and Dimished 5ths ( ie Tritones)
* outlines are the interval from a temp high and a low point - or reverse) |
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Term
| Use ____ more requently than ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| What should you do preceed and or follow a skip with? |
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Definition
| Steps in the opposite direction |
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Term
| avoid more than how many skips in succession? |
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Definition
| avoid more than 2 skips in succession - and if you do use 2 skips in a row keep them SMALL... ie- 3rds!!! |
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Term
| If you use a combo of skips and steps try to do what? |
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Definition
| try to keep the larger interval below the smaller one |
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Term
| How many repeated notes in a row is acceptable? |
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Definition
| 2 - avoid any more than 2 |
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Term
| avoid how many melodic sequences? |
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Definition
| avoid melodic sequences of more than one reiteration |
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Term
| What should you not do with the highest and lowest points of the piece? |
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Definition
| They are important but you should not over use them to diminish thier importance |
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Term
| is it ok to use a static line emphasising a single pitch? |
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Definition
| no, avoid a static line and overuse of one pitch |
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Term
| Stepwise motion through melodic lines are often _____ by ________ in the line |
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Definition
| They are often disguised by diversions in the line |
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Term
| Quarter notes are most likely found in what kind of motion and in what direction?? |
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Definition
| Quarter notes are most frequently found in stepwise motion and in the SAME direction. |
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Term
| a single quarter note is only found after what? |
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Definition
| a single quarter note is only found after a dotted half note |
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Term
| Are quarter rests common? |
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Definition
| No! they are very rare- do not use them |
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Term
| Pairs of quarter notes are found where? ALSO can they acscend and descend? |
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Definition
| Pairs of quarter notes are found only on the weak beats and they can acsend or descend |
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Term
| is there a certain number of quarter notes that can follow a white note? |
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Definition
| no, any number of quarter notes can follow a white note. |
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Term
| when a pair of half notes follow a dotted whole note or a whole note what direction do they usually go? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do portamentos( anticipations) usually occur? |
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Definition
| Portamentos occur on the off beat of strong beats only and they resolve down by step |
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Term
| Where can neighbor notes occur? |
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Definition
Neighbor notes occur on the off beat of strong beats only!
LOWER neighbor notes are much more common that upper neighbor notes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nota Cambiata is a special idiom of melodic motion that is very common, it is a configuration of a step and descending leap |
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Term
| When can you leap to a quarter note? |
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Definition
1, if it is following a half hone or a dotted half note
(if a single quarter note follows a dotted half you have to leap DOWN and compensated by a change in direction) |
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Term
| What should you do when you leap from a quarter note to a white note? |
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Definition
| leave the quarter note by contrary motion |
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Term
| Downward leaps go from what kind of beat to what kind of beat??? |
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Definition
| they go from the beat to the off-beat - UPWARDS leaps go from off beat to beat. |
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Term
| Where should your direction go after a leap? |
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Definition
| It should change direction |
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Term
| When using black notes what intervals of leaps is acceptable? |
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Definition
| In general keep the leaps small, ie- 3rds and 4ths anything else is unusual. |
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Term
| Where are 8th notes ( fusas) found? how often should you use them? |
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Definition
| 8th notes are found in pairs on any off beat - they should be stepwise passing notes or lower neighbor notes and only use them occasionally |
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Term
| Can you have a suspension in quarter notes? |
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Definition
| NO - only with 1/2 and whole notes |
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Term
| diss unaccented passing notes may occur in ______ in the off beat of what kind of beat? |
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Definition
Quarter notes on the off beat of any kind of beat.
THEY MUST PASS - that is the other voice must be at least a half note! |
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Term
| When a consonant half note on a strong beat is followed by two stepwise descending quarter notes which note can be dissonant? |
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Definition
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Term
| when 2 quarter notes on a stong beat are followed by a half.... what does the half note HAVE to be? |
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Definition
| teh half note following the 2 quarters has to be consonant! |
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Term
| Dissonant lower neighbor notes are _____ on any ____ beat AND Dissonant upper neighbor notes are _____ |
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Definition
| They are ok on any off beat, and upper diss neighbor notes are very rare. - DONT USE EM |
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Term
| What should portamentos only be used for and how? |
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Definition
| Portamentos are only used to accept a suspension and they should always be consonant |
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Term
| Can any notes in a cambiata be dissonant? |
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Definition
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Term
| Portamentos are an ornament for suspensions.. what else is used as an ornament of suspensions? |
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Definition
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Term
| In what kind of cadence do both the voices go to the cadential goal? |
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Definition
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Term
| In what kind of cadence does one voice go somewhere else and the other resolves up to the goal? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of cadence does one voice rest, while the other goes to the cadential goal? |
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Definition
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