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16th and 18th century counter point, fugues, and forms vocab
16th and 18th century counter point, fugues, and forms vocab
37
Music
Undergraduate 2
11/10/2011

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Term
Exposition
Definition
opening section of a fugue, each of the voices states the subject or transposted version of the subject (called the answer).
Term
Subject
Definition
Occurs in tonic key
Term
Answer
Definition
Occurs in dominant key
Term
Real answer
Definition
exact intervallic transpostion of the subject
Term
Tonal Answer
Definition
Modified version of the subject, for purpose of conforming to the new tonal area
Term
Subject entries
Definition
subject rested in various keys
Term
Countersubject
Definition
secondary melody
Term
Transition (optional)
Definition
prepares entrance of third and fourth voices, functions as sequence that modulates back to the tonic key
Term
second countersubject (occasionally)
Definition
introduced as the final subject statments occur
Term
Middle section
Definition
marked by sequential transitions
Term
episodes
Definition
composed of fragments of the subject and countersubject material, bridge between transposed subject entries
Term
stretto
Definition
overlapping imitative entries that add further complexity to the development of the subject material
Term
Concluding section
Definition
final section, marks return to the tonic key, must halt the momentum and bring work to successful conclusion
Term
Dorian
Definition
D-D all white notes, minor, raise 6th
Term
Phrygian
Definition
E-E white notes, lower 2nd
Term
Lydian
Definition
F-F, MAJOR, raise 4th
Term
Mixolydian
Definition
G-G, MAJOR, lower 7th
Term
Aeolian
Definition
A-A, minor
Term
Ionian
Definition
C-C, Major
Term
Locrian
Definition
Minor, lowered 2nd and lowered 5th
Term
Finalis
Definition
final pitch of a given mode, determines identity of the mode
Term
Ambitus
Definition
Range of pitches employed in a given voice, provides clarity regarding mode type
Term
Rules for writing melodic line
Definition

Begin/end on same note

ONE high point

Each voice stay w/in its ambitus according to mode, range should not exceed octave, exception of step at either end

Leaps other than octave shouldn;t exceed P5, m6 if ascending

Leap followed by step in opp. direction

No more than 2 skips (3rds) in same direction

DON'T OUTLINE TRI-TONE (fill line and follow by step in opp. direction)

Avoid repeating any note 3x in a row

Avoid repeated note patterns

Predominantly use stepwise motion

Penultimate note of cantus firmus must be modal step above finalis

Term
Direct motion
Definition
both voices move in same direction
Term
Contrary motion
Definition
voices in opp. direction
Term
Oblique motion
Definition
one voice in either direction, while other sustained 
Term
4 Fundamental rules of counterpoint
Definition

1. perfect consonance to perfect consonance= only conrary or oblique

2. perfect " " to imperfect " "= any type of motion

3. Imperfect " " to perfect " "= only contrary or oblique

4. "     " to imperfect consonance= any type of motion

Term
Consonance
Definition
P8, unison 3rds, 6ths, P5
Term
Doissonance
Definition
2nds, 4ths, 7ths
Term
Cantus Firums
Definition
fixed melodic voice, often derived from pre-existing material, to which other voices are added
Term
Clausula Vera 
Definition
"Cadence"...expansion of 6th to octave, marking closure of a contrapuntal passage, contraction of 3rd to unison also acceptable
Term
Musica Ficta
Definition
Chromatic alterations of the modal system used under specific circumstances, particularly when approaching cadence points, or when avoiding interval of tri-tone
Term
Consonant ligatures
Definition
when both the upbeat and downbeat of tied note are consonant
Term
Dissonant ligatures
Definition
consonant upbeat becomes dissonnt while sustaining through downbeat of following measure
Term
Binary Form
Definition

Form consisting of 2 sections (AB), may include brief intro, and 1 sect. may be slightly longer than another

 

||: A :||: B :||

Major Keys: I-----V (V)-----I

Minor Keys: i----III (III)-----i

Term
Ternanry from
Definition

Form with 3 sections (ABA). B section provides contrast before return of A section

 

||: A :||: B A' :||

Major Keys: I----V (V)---I---(I)

Minor Keys i----i (III)-----i----(i)

 

SECTIONAL OR CONTINUOUS

MINUET AND TRIO

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