Term
| What company specializes in providing research based training systems for law enforcement, correction, military, and private security designed to minimize the ever-present risk of liability? |
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Definition
| PPCT Management Systems Inc. |
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Term
| Is the PPCT system of training defensible in court? Why? |
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Definition
| Yes, the training system is backed by extensive research |
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Term
| The research that behind the PPCT system examines 3 types of acceptability. What are the 3 types? |
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Definition
- Tactical Acceptability
- Medical Acceptability
- Legal Acceptability
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Term
| Briefly describe some points about Tactical Acceptability. |
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Definition
- Techniques are easy to learn and retain
- "Less is Best" - (Hick's Law) Fewer the techniques, the easier to remember under stress
- Commonality in technique - a lot of techniques that are taught are similar in nature
- Stimulus response training - any training that correlates action with a stimulus
- Gross motor skills - Pushing and pulling movements (using large appendages)
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Term
| What are the 3 types of motor skills and briefly explain each. |
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Definition
- Fine - tasks performed using things like finger tips or fingers (delicate tasks)
- Complex - things using hands and arms (uses bigger body parts than Fine skills)
- Gross - major movements using arms, hands, legs, feet (the whole body)
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Term
| Briefly explain when, at what stress level, the body loses each motor skill. |
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Definition
- Fine skills - lost first when stress is low to moderate
- Complex skills - lost second, when stress is moderate to high
- Gross skills - always last to lose if lost, under most stressful conditions, especially when heart rate is around 175 bpm
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Term
| Briefly explain "Medical Acceptability"? |
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Definition
| Research shows us what type of injuries or medical problems to expect from using specific techniques |
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Term
| What are the 2 types of "Use" associated with medical acceptability? |
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Definition
- Normal Use - technique at normal speed with no resistance
- Accelerated Use - technique at full speed with full resistance
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Term
| What are the 4 categories of "most common types" of resistance an officer will encounter? |
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Definition
- Resistance from escort position
- Resistance while applying handcuffs
- Passive resistance
- Active aggression
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Term
| When it comes to "Use of Force", there is something called the "Total Control Theory". Is this "theory" defensible in a court of law? |
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Definition
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Term
| As it relates to "Use of Force", briefly explain the "One plus One" Theory. |
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Definition
| The theory that an officer can use one level of force higher than the aggressor |
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Term
| What is significant about Graham v. Connor? |
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Definition
| It made it clear that the standard for an officer's use of force upon a "seized free citizen" was whether the officer's force was "objectively reasonable" under the Fourth Amendment |
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Term
| What are the 3 Use of Force Guidelines? |
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Definition
- All force must be reasonable
- All force must be necessary
- Officer's actions will depend on subject's actions, variables of the situation and the officer's knowledge of his/her own physical abilities
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Term
| What are the 6 levels of resistance according to the text (casebook) from low to high? |
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Definition
- Psychological Intimidation
- Verbal Noncompliance
- Passive Resistance
- Defensive Resistance
- Active Aggression
- Deadly Force assaults
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Term
| What are the 6 levels of force according to the text (casebook) from low to high? |
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Definition
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Officer Presence
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Verbal Direction
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Soft Empty Hand Control
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Hard Empty Hand Control
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Intermediate Weapons
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Lethal Force
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Term
| What is the difference between soft empty hand control and hard empty hand control? Give an example of each. |
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Definition
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Soft empty hand control - techniques with minimal chance of injury (touch pressure, joint locks)
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Hard empty hand control - techniques that have a probability of injury (leg and hand strikes, neck restraints)
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Term
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Definition
| Any force that is likely to cause great bodily harm or death |
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Term
| What are the 3 elements of Deadly Force? |
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Definition
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Ability - capability or means to cause great bodily harm or death
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Opportunity - In a position to cause great bodily harm or death
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Jeopardy - Threating move or gesture that could cause great bodily harm or death
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Term
| What is significant about Tennesse v. Garner? |
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Definition
| As a result, officers have specific justifications in which officers can use deadly force |
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Term
| What are the 4 justifications for the use of deadly force? |
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Definition
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To prevent death or serious injury to officer or another
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To prevent escape - if the suspect poses a threat of serious harm to the officer or others
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Officer should not unreasonably or unnecessarily endanger himself/herself or public in the application of deadly force
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Officer should use verbal commands of authority and deterrance whenever feasible
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Term
| Name a few variables that may affect an officer's decision in escalating or de-escalating the level of control. |
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Definition
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Type of Crime
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Officer/Subject size and gender
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Exigent conditions
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Reaction time
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Access to weapons
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Influence of alcohol or drugs
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Injury or exhaustion of officer
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Weather or terrain conditions
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Special knowledge
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Term
| When writing a report what are a few general things that need to be included in the report? |
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Definition
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Officer arrival
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Approach
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Subject's actions
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Officer's actions
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Transport Procedure
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Term
| Name a few principles of controlling resistive behavior. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between Flex-reflex response and Sympathetic reflex response? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Time it takes an officer to perceive a threat and then react to it physically |
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Term
| Name the 4 stages that make up Reaction Time? |
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Definition
- Perception
- Analyze/Evaluate
- Formulate Strategies
- Initiate Motor Action
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Term
| The stages that make up Reaction Time occur and are completed within what kind of time? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The safety zone between the officer and the offender that affords the officer more time to react to an aggression |
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Term
| According to the text (casebook), the Reactionary Gap is how far? |
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Definition
| Average distance of 6 feet depending on type of weapon |
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Term
| As it relates to Reactionary Gap, what are the 2 reactionary options to resistance? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Tactical Positioning? |
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Definition
| Method of tactically analyzing an officer's position in relation to the offender |
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Term
| What are the 5 levels of Tactical Positioning? |
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Definition
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Inside position - too close to suspect, should be avoided
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Level I - Interview position
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Level II - Standing beside the suspect
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Level II 1/2 - Escort position Level
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III - Directly behind the suspect
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