Shared Flashcard Set

Details

16rcrc11-C,I,&M
Confessions, Interrogations, & Miranda section created by Brian Rister
32
Other
Not Applicable
06/29/2011

Additional Other Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What 3 areas of the law have an impact on the admissibility of a confession?
Definition
  • Principle of Voluntariness
  • Advisement of Miranda Rights/obtain a waiver
  • Protection under the Sixth Amendment
Term
True/False: Coerced confessions are admissible in court.
Definition
False
Term
Who bears the burden of proving a confession was made voluntarily?
Definition
The State
Term
Is a voluntary confession made to police by a suspect becuase "his conscience was bothering him" admissible in court? Why?
Definition
Yes, it was made voluntarily with no police involvement and the defendant's constitutional rights were not violated
Term
According to Miranda v. Arizona, at what point must police warn a suspect of his/her rights?
Definition
Prior to interrogation (suspect must be in custody)
Term
Can a suspect waive his/her rights before interrogation and then later retracts that waiver? If so, what must the police do?
Definition
Yes, police must stop the interview/interrogation immediately
Term
The Miranda rule requires that prior to any custodial interrogation, the person must be advised of what 4 things?
Definition
  • You have the right to remain silent
  • Anything you say can be used against you as evidence in the court of law
  • You have the right to the presence of an attorney
  • If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed for you prior to any questioning if you so desire, at no cost to you
Term
Does a suspect have to be advised of all the subjects (crimes) about which he/she may be questioned?
Definition
No (Colorado v. Spring)
Term
If a suspect refuses to sign a waiver form, but agrees to talk with police, can his/her oral waiver cancel out his/her refusal to sign waiver documents?
Definition
Yes (North Carolina v. Butler)
Term
Can an officer make a conscious decision to withhold Miranda warnings and the later give them in order to use a confession?
Definition
No (Missouri v. Seibert)
Term
What is the test for custody under Miranda v. Arizona?
Definition
Whether there was a formal arrest or restraint on freedom of movement of the degree associated with a formal arrest
Term
True/False: A suspect is "in custody" when he voluntarily comes to the police station after he is told that he is not under arrest and that he is not required to do so.
Definition
False, the suspect would NOT be "in custody"
Term
For the purposes of Miranda, does an ordinary traffic stop put the person being stopped "in custody"?
Definition
No, although an ordinary traffic stop temporarily detains a person it is not "in custody" for the purposes of Miranda
Term
Generally speaking, when is the best time to warn someone of their rights (Miranda Warning)?
Definition
As soon as an arrest is made
Term
May an officer ask a driver suspected of DUI to perform a series of field sobriety tests without first giving a Miranda warning? Why?
Definition
Yes, becuase the driver is not under arrest at that time. Once the driver is arrested, then a Miranda warning must be given
Term
Give 3 situations that do not constitute interrogation.
Definition
  • Neutral questions
  • Routine booking questions
  • Gathering non-testimonial evidence not affected by Miranda Rule
Term
Briefly explain the Public Safety Exception to the Miranda Rule.
Definition
No Miranda warnings are required to be given to a defendant in custody prior to asking a question (or a few questions) where officers can justify the need to secure the safety of themselves or others (N.Y. v. Quarles)
Term
Can police use a cellmate informant to solicit incriminating information once a suspect has claim his right to counsel?
Definition
No
Term
Is the Sixth Amendment right to cousel the same as requesting a lawyer following a Miranda warning?
Definition
No
Term
True/False: The U.S. Supreme Court has held that confessions and admissions elicited from a suspect, after the right to counsel has attached, must be suppressed if the incriminating statements were obtained without a proper waiver by the suspect of his right to counsel.
Definition
True
Term
What 2 things does the court consider in deciding whether to suppress incriminating statements under the Sixth Amendment?
Definition
  • Whether the right to counsel has attached at the time of the statement
  • Whether the suspect has made an effective waiver of the right if it has attached
Term
Does the Sixth Amendment right attach because the defendant has been arrested?
Definition
No
Term
True/False: The Sixth Amendment right to counsel is "offense-specific".
Definition
True
Term
True/False: The Fifth Amendment right to counsel is "offense-specific".
Definition
False, the Fifth Amendment right to counsel is NOT "offense-specific"
Term
At what two times does the Sixth Amendment attach?
Definition
  • When adversarial judicial proceedings have been initiated
  • And at all critical stages
Term
Does the Sixth Amendment right to counsel exist for the purposes of a lineup after the indictment or arraignment?
Definition
Yes
Term
What are some examples of "Non-testimonial" evidence that does not require a Miranda warning to obtain?
Definition
  • Fingerprints
  • Blood or Hair samples
  • Physical portion of field sobriety tests
  • Handwriting samples
  • Voice exemplars
Term
What is the legal principle behind Harris v. South Carolina?
Definition
A confession procured during a custodial investigation lasting 5 days that was conducted by multiple officers and included a threat to arrest the suspect's mother with no advisement of suspect's rights was deemed to be involuntary
Term
What is the legal principle behind Rhode Island v. Innis?
Definition
A few offhand remarks by police that produced a confession after a suspect was Mirandized were not deemed reasonably calculated to induce a confession
Term
What is the legal principle behind Edwards v. Arizona?
Definition
After being arrested a suspect was Mirandized and requested an attorney. The court held that once invoked the right to counsel remains attached unless the suspect voluntarily initiates contact with the police
Term
What is the legal principle behind Dickerson v. United States?
Definition
Determined that the U.S. Constitution - not state statutes - is the legal standard for the Miranda Rule
Term
What is the legal principle behind Brewer v. Williams?
Definition
A "Christian Burial" speech by police after a suspect had invoked his Miranda rights was held to be reasonably calculated to induce a confession and was therefore deemed the functional equivalent of police interrogation
Supporting users have an ad free experience!