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| a statment that provides a possible answer to a question or explanation for an oberservation that can be tested |
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| a widely scientific idea which cant be proven nor disproven |
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| a process used to solve problems or develop an understanding of natural events. involves collection of knowledge by testing of possible answers |
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| the study of living organisms |
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| scientific idea with a great deal of scientific evidence |
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| a chemical reaction which is associated w/ energy changes that takes place w/ in an organism |
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| deception through the use of scientific language in an attempt to claim scientific validity |
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| an experiemental group which has not been changed or manipulated |
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observation
questions
form hypothesis
test hypothesis
record and analyze
draw conclusions
repeat |
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| used to solve problems or develop an understanding of natural events by accumalating knowledge and testing |
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| relates to field other than science |
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biosphere
ecosystem
community
population
organism
organ system
organ
tissue
cell
moelcules
atoms |
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| what is the correct order of biological organization |
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| the variable that is manipulated in the experiement |
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| a variable that changes as a result of the independent variable |
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| factors in an experiement that are changeable |
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the situation used as a basis for comparison in an experiment
group in which there is no manipulation of the variable |
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| group in an experienment where the variable is manipulated in a particular way |
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| the mental process of examinig many sets of facts and developing generalizations |
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| menatl processes of using accepted generalizations to predict the outcome of specific events |
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the total of all chemical reactions w/in an organism
1. nutrient uptake
2. nutrient processing
3. waste elimination |
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actions that increase the size of an individual organism or increase the # of individuals in a population
1. growth
2. reproduction
3. sexual |
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| allow organisms to react to changes in their surroundings in a meaningful way |
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| communties (groups of population) that ineract w/ the physical world in a particular |
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| population of different kinds of organisms that interact w/ one another in a particular place |
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| a group of individual organisms of a particular kind |
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| an independent living unit |
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| a group of organs that work together to perform a particular function |
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| a group of tissues that work together to perform a particular function |
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| groups of cells that work together to perform particular functions |
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| the structural unit of all living things |
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| the smallest particles of chemical compounds |
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| the fundamental units of matter; the smallest parts of an elements that still act like that element |
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| results from an individuals reaction to a stimulus but slower than an irriatibility response, because it requires growth or some fundamental change in ana organism |
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| - can detect something is happening individual |
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| an incraese in the # of individuals in a population |
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| activities that result in the increase in size of an individual |
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| two individuals each contribute sex cells |
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| occurs when an organisms makes identical copies of itself |
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| mechanism which ensure an organism will carry out all metabolic activities in proper sequence |
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| mechansims that ensure an organsim will carry out all metabolic activities @ the proper rate |
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| occurs when living things expend energy to take in nutrients from their enviroment |
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| takes place once nutrients are in the body or its cells |
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| occurs because not all materials entering the body are useful to it |
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generational adaption (evolution)- |
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| organisms change overtime from one generation to the other |
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| strand of DNA that determines what protein will be made |
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a set of all the genes necessary to specify an organism's complete list of characteristics
alll the genes that makes us human |
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| having a single set of chromosomes resulting from the reduction divison of meosis |
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having 2 sets of chromosomes: one set of the maternal parent and one set from the paternal parent
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the catalog of genes in an organism, whether or not these genes are expressed
has to do w/ the genetic makeup of an individual.
shape of ears |
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the physical chemical or behaviroal expression of the genes expressed by an organism.
how u look. how u digest food |
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the allele that expresses itself and masks the effects of other allele
has to be the sam ekind of allele |
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| an allele that when present w/ its homolog doesnt express itself and is masked by the affect of the other allele |
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| the descendents of a set of parents |
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diploid organism that has 2 identical alleles for a particular characteristic
2 of the same kind of gene |
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a diploid organism that has 2 different alleles for a particular characteristic
2 different allels
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—Mendel was a monk who was the first to describe the basic patterns of inheritance.
—Studied inheritance in garden pea plants
—Studied several different phenotypes
—Identified the concepts of dominance and recessiveness
—Didn’t know about genes or chromosomes
—Identified patterns by mathematical analysis of the data
Law of Dominance
Law of segregation
Law of independent assortment |
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when an organism has two different alleles for a trait the allele that is expressed and overshadows the expression of the other allele is said to be domanant: the allele whose expression is overshadowed is said to be recessive
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| when haploid gametes are formed by a diploid organism, the two alleles that control a trait seperate from one another into different gametes, retaining their individuality |
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| law of independent assortment |
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| members of one allelic pair will seperate from each other independently of members of other allele pairs |
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a planned mating between two organisms
whenever a male and female gamete comes together |
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| a method used to determine the possibilities of allele combinations in a zygote |
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| designed to look @ how one genetically determined characteristic is inherited |
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a genetic study in whic 2 different genetically determined characteristics are followed from the parental generation to the offspring @ the same time
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| the matehmatical chance that something will happen and it is expressed as a percentage or fraction |
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| The quality or state of being possible; the power of happening, being, or existing. |
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both traits are dominant and both will show up @ the same time
ex: roan color in horse
in people blood typre |
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incomplete dominance
red flower + white Flower |
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lSnapdragons
–FwFw = white flower
–FrFr = red flower
–FwFr = pink flower
meeting each other half way |
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many genes for one trait
skin color
eye color
height
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the multiple effects a gene has on a phenotype of an organism
gives you many traits. opposite of polygenetic
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pleiotrophy
marfan syndrome
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Definition
based on one gene but you can get several traits
extra long fingers
sunken chest
long legs
arms
skinniness
curvature of the spine |
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pleiotrophy
PKU
(phenylalaine) |
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| unablw to process a certain ammino acid called |
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chromosomes that typically carry genetic information used by an organism for characteristics other than the primary determination of sex
all the rest of genes that tell what u are gonna look like. (excludes sex genes) |
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chromosomes that carry genes that determine the sex of an individual |
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two genes are linked, found, on the same chromosome and it is not a sex chromosome. Example: eye color and hair color.
genes ar elinked to other genes except sex |
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| refers to genes that are located on the chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual |
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| genes found only on the Y chromosome |
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| GENES located on the sex determining X chromosome |
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Congenital tendency to uncontrolled bleeding; usually affects males and is transmitted from mother to son.
the bad X come sfrom mom and expressed in son
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| A group of diseases characterised by progressive degeneration and/or loss of muscle fibres without nervous system involvement. |
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a sex-linked inherited condition where there is an inability to distinguish colours.
People who cannot detect the difference between certain colors such as green and red are described as having color-deficient vision |
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expressivity pertains to the consistency of the gene’s influence on the individual.
Some dominant traits are not expressed equally in all individuals with the trait
polydactylism
male patern baldness
freckles
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| miolecules programmed by organisms that are able to control the rate @ which chemical reactions occur |
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