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| the study of human behavior |
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| Study conducted that concluded that regardless of whatever job you have you are more happy on the weekend than during the week. |
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attributing an event to something with which it really has no connection or association
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| in the 1950s this man's experiments demonstrated the degree to which an individual's own opinions are influenced by those of a majority group. |
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- This man opened the first psychology lab in 1879.
- German scientist who founded laboratory in Leipzig that took a structuralist approach to psychology
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| These type of psychologists explore the connection between your mental states and your brain, nerves and hormones to explore how your thoughts, moods and actions are shaped. They look at how your nervous system, hormones and genetic makeup affect your behavior. |
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| Psychodynamic Psychologists |
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| These type of psychologists believe that unconscious drives and experiences from early childhood are at the root of your behaviors and that conflict arises when societal restrictions are placed on these urges. |
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| These type of psychologists believe that external environmental stimuli influence your behavior and that you can be trained to act a certain way. |
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| These type of psychologists believe that your behavior is determined by your expectations and emotions. |
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| These types of psychologists believe that you are essential good and that you a motivated to realize your full potential. These type of psychologists also focus on how you can feel good about yourself by fulfilling your needs and goals. |
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| a systematic process of gathering measurable evidence |
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| a scientific procedure undertaken to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact. |
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| Represents the cause of an experiment |
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| The effect of an experiment |
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in a scientific experiment is the group where the experimental procedures are performed.
ex:) a group of subjects who are exposed to the variable under study |
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| a group of subjects closelyresembling the treatment group in many demographic variables but notreceiving the active medication or factor under study and thereby serving as a comparison group when treatment results are evaluated |
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| Type of psychologist that assesses mental health and is aware that subjects might behave differently than they normally would because they know they're being evaluated. |
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| a fake "sugar" pill in an experiment |
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| When a control group thinks they are being treated even though they are not |
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| an experiment where subjects do not know that they are being treated |
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| The experimenters do not know which subjects they are giving the treatment to and which ones they are giving the placebo |
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| when data is collected in such a way that some members of the intended population are less likely to be included than others. |
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| An American who founded a laboratory at Harvard (Boston, Massachusetts) took a functionalist approach to psychology |
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| Approach to psychology that seeks to identify the building blocks of the psychological experience |
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| a method used to learn what is going on through people's heads as they completed various tasks. This process helps psychologists try to understand how people processed sensory stimuli |
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| a stimulus' effect on a person's senses |
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| our brain's interpretation of the stimulus |
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| An approach to psychology that questions why we behave the way we do. To understand behavior in terms of how it is carried out in our daily lives. |
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| branch of psychology that looks at various behavioral and personality traits in terms of how they improve fitness (likelihood of passing on your genetic material to the next gerneration - your liklihood of having lots of children) |
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| A primarily German movement that focused on how we perceive whole objects. Describes the ways in which humans tend to shape ambiguous or incomplete stimuli into whole, coherent pictures. |
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| our ability to perceive its whole without first noticing its parts |
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| the mind's ability to fill in an implied shape. |
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| one principal of grouping developed by Gestalt psychologists that observes that people tend to group similar items together |
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| A principal of grouping developed by Gestalt psychologists that observes that people tend to use how close objects are to one another to perceive a larger image |
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| what is going on in our unconscious minds |
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| n Austrian psychologist who came to believe that his patients' problems were caused by repressed memories of childhood trauma. |
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| techniques include talk therapy and dream analysis to try and expose and explore unconscious memories and desires. |
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| Theory by Sigmund Freud that proposed that young boys are all secretly motivated to kill their fathers and marry their mothers |
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| Part of Freud's division of the mind that has childish impules. |
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| Part of Sigmund Freud's division of the mind that is known as the moderator (voice of reason) |
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Part of Sigmund Freud's division of the mind that is the mediator.
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| Movement in psychology in the late 20th century that was founded by John Watson and made famous by B.F. Skinner. This movement did not focus on what was going on inside a person's head. Instead it focused solely on behavior. |
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A process of behavior modification in which the likelihood of a specific behavior is increased or decreased through positive or negative reinforcement each time the behavior is exhibited, so that the subject comes to associate the pleasure or displeasure of the reinforcement with the behavior.
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An event, a circumstance, or a condition that increases the likelihood that a given response will recur in a future situation
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An event, a circumstance, or a condition that decreased or completely stops the likelihood that a given response will recur in a future situation
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| branch of psychology concerned with how you see yourself in your environment. |
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| type of psychologist that studies how one learns, solves problems, and makes decisions. Focus on how people think |
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| type of psychologist that studies what a person thinks |
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| the will to best the best that one can be |
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| sociocultural perspective |
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| How social expectations and cultural norms influences one's actions |
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| type of psychologist that focuses on individual behavior. Believes that your attitudes are largely affected by what your social group believes and teaches you (family and friends influence your behaviors and opinions on what is right and wrong) |
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| type of psychologist that create a sense of scarcity in potential buyers (example: ever been tempted to buy something because the sale is ending soon?) |
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| industrial and organizational psychologists |
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| type of psychologist that attempts to improve job satisfaction and performance levels by examining how an employee's behavior and motivation is influenced by the workplace setting. |
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| type of psychology that is concerned with how one changes over his or her lifetime. Changes might involve learning to communicate, broadening your perception of the world, and/or forming your self identity |
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| type of psychologist that diagnoses and treats mental health and work directly with patients. Psychologists are licensed counselors |
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| medical doctors who specialize in mental health |
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| a system of moral principles |
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| minimized harm andinformed consent |
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| Ethical standards in psychological research are motivated by these two main principles |
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| Institutional Review Board (IRB |
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| this is in charge of determining whether the harm done by an experiment is worth its potential value to science and whether researchers are taking all of the precautions they can to make the research experience pleasant and informative for participants. |
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| is considered a form of psychological harm that is avoided if at all possible. It is technically allowed but MUST be minimized and participants must be informed of it after the experiment is over. |
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| a type of research that is allowed by the American Psychological Association however however researchers must be be as careful as it would be with humans and treated with dignity and respect |
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