Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Grade 12 - Unit 1
History and Approaches
63
Psychology
12th Grade
04/29/2014

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Psychology
Definition
the study of human behavior
Term
The Weekend Effect
Definition
Study conducted that concluded that regardless of whatever job you have you are more happy on the weekend than during the week.
Term
Misattribution Effect
Definition
attributing an event to something with which it really has no connection or association


Term
Solomon Asch
Definition
in the 1950s this man's experiments demonstrated the degree to which an individual's own opinions are influenced by those of a majority group.
Term
Wilhelm Wundt
Definition
  • This man opened the first psychology lab in 1879.
  • German scientist who founded laboratory in Leipzig that took a structuralist approach to psychology
Term
Biological Psychologists
Definition
These type of psychologists explore the connection between your mental states and your brain, nerves and hormones to explore how your thoughts, moods and actions are shaped. They look at how your nervous system, hormones and genetic makeup affect your behavior.
Term
Psychodynamic Psychologists
Definition
These type of psychologists believe that unconscious drives and experiences from early childhood are at the root of your behaviors and that conflict arises when societal restrictions are placed on these urges.
Term
Behavioral Psychologists
Definition
These type of psychologists believe that external environmental stimuli influence your behavior and that you can be trained to act a certain way.
Term
Cognitive Psychologists
Definition
These type of psychologists believe that your behavior is determined by your expectations and emotions.
Term
Humanistic Psychologists
Definition
These types of psychologists believe that you are essential good and that you a motivated to realize your full potential. These type of psychologists also focus on how you can feel good about yourself by fulfilling your needs and goals.
Term
scientific method
Definition
a systematic process of gathering measurable evidence
Term
hypothesis
Definition
a testable idea
Term
experiment
Definition
a scientific procedure undertaken to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact.
Term
independent variable
Definition
Represents the cause of an experiment
Term
Dependent Variable
Definition
The effect of an experiment
Term
Experimental Group
Definition

in a scientific experiment is the group where the experimental procedures are performed.


ex:) a group of subjects who are exposed to the variable under study

Term
Control Group
Definition
 a group of subjects closelyresembling the treatment group in many demographic variables but notreceiving the active medication or factor under study and thereby serving as a comparison group when treatment results are evaluated
Term
clinical psychologists
Definition
Type of psychologist that assesses mental health and is aware that subjects might behave differently than they normally would because they know they're being evaluated.
Term
placebo
Definition
a fake "sugar" pill in an experiment
Term
placebo effect
Definition
When a control group thinks they are being treated even though they are not
Term
blind study
Definition
an experiment where subjects do not know that they are being treated
Term
Double Blind Study
Definition
The experimenters do not know which subjects they are giving the treatment to and which ones they are giving the placebo
Term
sampling bias
Definition
when data is collected in such a way that some members of the intended population are less likely to be included than others.
Term
William James
Definition
An American who founded a laboratory at Harvard (Boston, Massachusetts) took a functionalist approach to psychology
Term
Structuralism
Definition
Approach to psychology that seeks to identify the building blocks of the psychological experience
Term
Introspection
Definition
a method used to learn what is going on through people's heads as they completed various tasks. This process helps psychologists try to understand how people processed sensory stimuli
Term
Sensation
Definition
a stimulus' effect on a person's senses
Term
Perception
Definition
our brain's interpretation of the stimulus
Term
Functionalism
Definition
An approach to psychology that questions why we behave the way we do. To understand behavior in terms of how it is carried out in our daily lives.
Term
Evolutionary Psychology
Definition
branch of psychology that looks at various behavioral and personality traits in terms of how they improve fitness (likelihood of passing on your genetic material to the next gerneration - your liklihood of having lots of children)
Term
Gestalt
Definition
German word for "form"
Term
Gestalt Psychology
Definition
A primarily German movement that focused on how we perceive whole objects. Describes the ways in which humans tend to shape ambiguous or incomplete stimuli into whole, coherent pictures.
Term
emergence
Definition
our ability to perceive its whole without first noticing its parts
Term
Reification
Definition
the mind's ability to fill in an implied shape.
Term
Law of Similiarity
Definition
one principal of grouping developed by Gestalt psychologists that observes that people tend to group similar items together
Term
Law of Proximity
Definition
A principal of grouping developed by Gestalt psychologists that observes that people tend to use how close objects are to one another to perceive a larger image
Term
psychodynamic
Definition
what is going on in our unconscious minds
Term
Sigmund Freud
Definition
n Austrian psychologist who came to believe that his patients' problems were caused by repressed memories of childhood trauma. 
Term
psychoanalysis
Definition
techniques include talk therapy and dream analysis to try and expose and explore unconscious memories and desires.
Term
Oedipus Complex
Definition
Theory by Sigmund Freud that proposed that young boys are all secretly motivated to kill their fathers and marry their mothers
Term
id
Definition
Part of Freud's division of the mind that has childish impules.
Term
superego
Definition
Part of Sigmund Freud's division of the mind that is known as the moderator (voice of reason)
Term
ego
Definition

Part of Sigmund Freud's division of the mind that is the mediator.


 

Term
behaviorism
Definition
Movement in psychology in the late 20th century that was founded by John Watson and made famous by B.F. Skinner. This movement did not focus on what was going on inside a person's head. Instead it focused solely on behavior.
Term
conditioning
Definition
A process of behavior modification in which the likelihood of a specific behavior is increased or decreased through positive or negative reinforcement each time the behavior is exhibited, so that the subject comes to associate the pleasure or displeasure of the reinforcement with the behavior.
Term
Reinforcement
Definition
An event, a circumstance, or a condition that increases the likelihood that a given response will recur in a future situation
Term
punishment
Definition
An event, a circumstance, or a condition that decreased or completely stops the likelihood that a given response will recur in a future situation
Term
cognitive psychology
Definition
branch of psychology concerned with how you see yourself in your environment.
Term
cognitive psychologists
Definition
type of psychologist that studies how one learns, solves problems, and makes decisions. Focus on how people think
Term
humanistic psychologist
Definition
type of psychologist that studies what a person thinks
Term
self actualization
Definition
the will to best the best that one can be
Term
sociocultural perspective
Definition
How social expectations and cultural norms influences one's actions
Term
social psychologists
Definition
type of psychologist that focuses on individual behavior. Believes that your attitudes are largely affected by what your social group believes and teaches you (family and friends influence your behaviors and opinions on what is right and wrong)
Term
consumer psychologists
Definition
type of psychologist that create a sense of scarcity in potential buyers (example: ever been tempted to buy something because the sale is ending soon?)
Term
industrial and organizational psychologists
Definition
type of psychologist that attempts to improve job satisfaction and performance levels by examining how an employee's behavior and motivation is influenced by the workplace setting.
Term
developmental psychology
Definition
type of psychology that is concerned with how one changes over his or her lifetime. Changes might involve learning to communicate, broadening your perception of the world, and/or forming your self identity
Term
clinical psychologists
Definition
type of psychologist that diagnoses and treats mental health and work directly with patients. Psychologists are licensed counselors
Term
psychiatrists
Definition
medical doctors who specialize in mental health
Term
ethics
Definition
a system of moral principles
Term
minimized harm andinformed consent
Definition
Ethical standards in psychological research are motivated by these two main principles
Term
Institutional Review Board (IRB
Definition
this is in charge of determining whether the harm done by an experiment is worth its potential value to science and whether researchers are taking all of the precautions they can to make the research experience pleasant and informative for participants.
Term
deception
Definition
 is considered a form of psychological harm that is avoided if at all possible. It is technically allowed but MUST be minimized and participants must be informed of it after the experiment is over.
Term
animal research
Definition
a type of research that is allowed by the American Psychological Association however however researchers must be be as careful as it would be with humans and treated with dignity and respect
Supporting users have an ad free experience!