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12.5 exam
medical terms
98
Medical
Not Applicable
12/03/2012

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Term
Papule
Definition
A solid mass on the skin up to .5 cm in diameter
Term
Plaque
Definition
A solid mass greater than 1 cm in diameter
Term
Nodule
Definition
A solid mass greater than 1 cm, which extends deeper into the epidermis
Term
Tumor
Definition
A solid mass larger than 1-2 cm
Term
Wheal
Definition
An area of localized edema (swelling)
Term
Nevus
Definition
A mole
Term
Comedo
Definition
A plug of sebum (oil) within the opening of a hair follicle
A BLACKHEAD
Term
Vesicle
Definition
Fluid-filled sac (blister) within or under the epidermis up to .5 cm in diameter
Term
Bulla
Definition
A blister - larger than .5 cm
(2nd degree burn)
Term
Pustule
Definition
A pus-filled sac
Term
Scale
Definition
A thin flake of exfoliated epidermis
Term
Crust
Definition
Dried residue of serum (body liquid), pus or blood on the skin
Term
Ecchymosis
Definition
A bruise
Term
Urticaria
Definition
Hives; an eruption of wheals on the skin accompanied by itch
Term
Pruritis
Definition
Severe itching
Term
Erythema
Definition
Redness of the skin
Term
Xeroderma
Definition
Dry skin
Term
Verruca
Definition
An epidermal tumor caused by a papilloma virus - also called A WART
Term
Ulcer
Definition
AN OPEN SORE ON THE SKIN OR MUCOUS MEMBRANE that can bleed & scar & is sometimes accompanied by infection
Term
Keloid
Definition
An ABNORMAL OVERGROWTH OF SCAR TISSUE that is thick & irregular
Term
Alopecia
Definition
BALDNESS; natural or unnatural deficiency of hair
Term
Acne
Definition
An INFLAMMATION OF THE SEBACEOUS GLANDS & hair follicles of the skin
Term
Cellulitis
Definition
An ACUTE INFLAMMATION OF SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE RESULTING FROM A BACTERIAL INVASION THROUGH BROKEN SKIN
Term
Dermatitis (eczema)
Definition
An inflammation of the skin characterized by redness, pruritis, & various lesions
Term
Seborrhic
Definition
REDNESS OF THE SKIN COVERED BY A YELLOW, OILY, ITCHY SCALE most commonly at the hairline, forehead, & around the nose, ears, or eyelashes
Term
Furncle
Definition
A boil; A painful nodule formed in the skin by inflammation originating in a hair follicle - caused by staphylococcosis
Term
Gangrene
Definition
AN EATING SORE; DEATH OF TISSUE ASSOCIATED WITH A LOSS OF BLOOD SUPPLY
Term
Herpes 1
Definition
Transient viral vesicles that infect the facial area, especially the mouth & nose
Term
Herpes 2
Definition
Sexually transmitted ulcer-like lesions of the genital & anorectal skin & mucosa; after initial infection, the virus (lies dormant in cell)
Term
Ichthyosis
Definition
A skin condition caused by a gene defect that results in dry, thick, scaly skin
Term
Impetigo
Definition
Highly contagious, bacterial skin inflammation marked by pustules that rupture & become crusted
Term
Lupus
Definition
A chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of various parts of the body
Term
Scabies
Definition
A contagious disease caused by a parasite (mite) that invades the sking, causing an intense itch
Term
Tinea
Definition
A group of fungal skin diseases identified by the body part that is affected, including tinea corporis (ringworm) or (athletes foot)
Term
Vitiligo
Definition
A condition caused by destruction of melanin that results in the appearance of white patches on the skin
Term
Psoriasis
Definition
An itching, chronic, recurrent skin disease, marked by silver grey scales covering red patches that result in overproduction, thickening of skin cells
Term
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Definition
A malignant tumor of squamous epithelium
Term
Basal cell Carcinoma
Definition
A Malignant tumor of the basal layer of the epidermis (most common type of skin cancer) BCC
Term
Malignant melanoma
Definition
A malignant tumor composed composed of melanocytes - most develop from a pigmented nevus over time
Term
Onychia
Definition
Inflammation of the fingernail or toenail
Term
Biopsy (Bx)
Definition
Removal of a small piece of tissue for microscopic pathological examination
Term
C & S
Definition
Culture & sensitivity - A technique of isolating & growing colonies of microorganisms to identify a pathogen
Term
FS
Definition
Food sensitivity- A surgical method involving cutting a thin piece of tissue from a frozen specimen for immediate pathlogical examination
Term
Skin test
Definition
Methods for determining the reaction of the body to a given substance by applying it to, or injecting it into, the skin - commonly seen in treating allergy
Term
Patch test
Definition
The substance is applied topically to the skin on a small piece of blotting paper or wet cloth
Term
Laser surgery
Definition
SURGERY USING A LASER in various dermatological procedures TO REMOVE LESIONS, SCARS, TATTOOS, ETC.
Term
Dermabrasion
Definition
SURGICAL REMOVAL OF FROZEN EPIDERMIS USING WIRE BRUSHES & emery papers to remove scars, tattoos, & or wrinkles; aerosol spray is used to freeze the skin
Term
Anterior
Definition
Front of the body
Term
Posterior
Definition
Back of the body
Term
Superior
Definition
Situated above another structure, toward the head
Term
Inferior
Definition
Situated below another structure, away from the head
Term
Proximal
Definition
Toward the beginning or origin of a structure
Term
Distal
Definition
Away from the beginning or irgin of a structure
Term
Medial
Definition
Toward the middle
Term
Lateral
Definition
Toward the side
Term
Axis
Definition
Line that runs through the center of the body or body part
Term
Prone
Definition
Lying face down & flat
Term
Recumbent
Definition
Lying down
Term
Supine
Definition
Horizontal recumbent; lying flat on the back or the spine
Term
Flexion
Definition
Bending at the joint so that the angle between the bones is decreased
Term
Abduction
Definition
Movement away from the body
Term
Rotation
Definition
Circular movement around an axis
Term
Eversion
Definition
Turning outward
Term
Inversion
Definition
Turning inward
Term
Supination
Definition
Turning upward or forward of the palmar surface or plantar surface
Term
Pronation
Definition
Turning downward or backward of the palmar surface or plantar surface
Term
Dorsi Flexion
Definition
Bending of the foot or toes upward
Term
ROM
Definition
Range of motion
Term
Arthralgia
Definition
Joint pain
Term
Atrophy
Definition
Shrinking of tissue such as muscle
Term
Hypertrophy
Definition
Increase in the size of tissue such as muscle
Term
Hypotonia
Definition
Reduced muscle tone or tension
Term
Myalgia
Definition
Muscle pain
Term
Ostealgia
Definition
Bone pain
Term
Rigidity
Definition
Stiffness; stiff muscle
Term
Spasm
Definition
Drawing in, involunatry contraction of muscle
Term
Spastic
Definition
Uncontrolled contractions of skeletal muscles causing stiff & awkward movement
Term
Ankylosis
Definition
Stiff joint condition
Term
Arthritis
Definition
Inflammation of the joints
Term
Bursitis
Definition
Inflammation of a bursa
Term
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Definition
CONDITION THAT RESULTS FROM COMPRESSION OF THE MEDIAN NERVE WITHIN THE CARPAL TUNNEL AT THE WRIST,
characterized by pain, numbness, & tingling in the wrist & fingers & weak grip
Term
Chondromalacia
Definition
Softening of cartilage
Term
Herniated disk
Definition
Portrusion of a degenerated or fragmented intervertebral disk so that the nucleus pulposus protrudes, causing compression on nerve root
Term
Myositis
Definition
Inflammation of muscle
Term
Osteosarcoma
Definition
Type of malignant bone tumor
Term
Osteomalacia
Definition
Disease marked by softening of the bone caused by calcium & Vitamin D deficiency
Term
Muscular dystrophy
Definition
A category of genetically transmitted diseases characterized by progressive atrophy of skeletal muscles
Term
Osteomyelitis
Definition
Infection of bone & bone marrow causing inflammation
Term
Osteoporosis
Definition
CONDITION OF DECREASED BONE DENSITY & increased porosity, causing bones to become brittle & liable to fracture
Term
Tendinitis
Definition
Inflammation of a tendon
Term
Sprain
Definition
INJURY TO A LIGAMENT CAUSED BY JOINT TRAUMA but without joint dislocation or fracture
Term
Spondylosis
Definition
Stiff; immobile condition of vertebrae due to joint degeneration
Term
Gouty arthritis
Definition
Acute attacks of arthritis usually in a single joint caused by hyperurcemia (excessive uric acid)
Term
EMG
Definition
Electromyogram - A neurodiagnostic graphic record of the electrical activity of muscle at rest & during
contraction to diagnose neuromusculoskeletal disorders
Term
MRI
Definition
Magnetic Resonance Imaging - A nonionizing imaging technique using magnetic field & radiofrequency WAVES TO VISUALIZE ANATOMICAL STRUCTURES - useful in orthpedics to detect joint, tendon, & vertebral disk disorders
Term
X-Ray
Definition
X-ray imaging; AN IONIZING TECHNIque commonly USED in orthopedics TO VISUALIZE THE EXTREMTIES, ribs, back, shoulders, joints, etc.
Term
CT, CAT
Definition
Computed Tomography, Computed Axial Tomography
A SPECIALIZED X-RAY PROCEDURE PRODUCING A SERIES OF CROSS-SECTIONAL IMAGES that are precessed by a computer into a 2D or 3D image
Term
DEXA
Definition
Dual-energy X-ray Absortiometry
An x-ray scan that measures bone mineral density of the spine & extremeties to diagnose osteoporosis; determine fracture risk, & monitor treatment
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