Term
| Suppose than an object travels from one point in space to another. How can you compare the displacement and the distance traveled? |
|
Definition
| The displacement is either less than or equal to the distance traveled. |
|
|
Term
| A new car manufacturer advertises that their car can go from 0 to 60 in 8 seconds. This is a description of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An object moving in the positive x-axis experiences an acceleration of 2.0 m/s^2. This means the object is... |
|
Definition
| increasing in velocity by 2.0m/s^2 in every second |
|
|
Term
| An object is moving with constant non-zero velocity in the positive x-axis. The position versus time graph of this object is... |
|
Definition
| a horizontal straight line |
|
|
Term
| If the position versus time graph of an object is a horizontal line, the object is... |
|
Definition
| moving with constant non-zero speed |
|
|
Term
| An object moves 15m North and then 11m South. Find both the distance traveled and the magnitude of the displacement vector. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A boat can move at 30kmph in still water. How long will it take to move 12 km upstream in a river flowing 6kmph? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 55mph is how many m/s? (1mi = 1609 m) |
|
Definition
25 m/s
Explanation:
8849m/3600s = 24.5m/s |
|
|
Term
| What must be your average speed in order to travel 350 km in 5.15 hours? |
|
Definition
68km/h
Explanation:
350km/5.15 = 67.9km/h |
|
|
Term
| A runner ran the marathon approximatley 42km in 2 hours and 57 minutes. What is the average speed of the runner in m/s? |
|
Definition
3.95 m/s
Explanation:
42km/2hr57min
42000m/10320s = 4.07m/s^2 |
|
|
Term
| If you are driving 72km/h along a straight road and you look to the side for 4 s, how far do you travel during this inattentive period? |
|
Definition
80m
Explanation:
72000m/3600s = 20m/s |
|
|
Term
| A polar bear starts at the north pole. It travels 1km South, then 1 km East, then 1km NOrth, then 1 km West to return to its starting point. This trip takes 45 minutes. What was the bear's avergae velocity |
|
Definition
5.3 km/h
Explanation:
4km/45 min
4/.75 = 5.3km/h
|
|
|
Term
| Suppose a car is moving in a straight line and steadily increases its speed. It moves from 35km/h to 40km/h the first second. And from 40km.h to 45km/h the next second. What is the car's acceleration? |
|
Definition
5km/hxs
Explanation:
(40-35)/1 = 5km/h |
|
|
Term
| When something falls to the ground it accelerates. This acceleration is called the acceleration due to gravity and is symbolized by the letter "g." What is the value of "g" on Earth's surface? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A car accelerates at 2m/s^2. Assuming the car strats from rest, how much time does it need to accelerate to a speed of 20m/s? |
|
Definition
10 seconds
Explanation:
t = v/a
t = 20/2
t = 10 |
|
|
Term
| A train moves down the track with a constant velocity. What might the area under the velocity versus time graph tell us about the motion of the train? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| As an object falls freely in a vaccum, it's |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the absence of air resistance objects fall at constant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A ball is thrown upwards and caught when it comes back down. In the absence of air resistance, the speed of the ball when caught would be |
|
Definition
| the same as the speed it had when thrown upwards |
|
|
Term
| Suppose an object is in free fall. Each second the object falls |
|
Definition
| a larger distance than in the second before |
|
|
Term
| Consider drops of water leaking from a water faucet. As the drops fall they |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A ball tossed vertically upward rises, reaches its highest point, and then falls back to its starting point. During this time the acceleration of the ball is always |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When a basketball player jumps to make a shot, once the feet are off the floor the jumper's acceleration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A ball is thrown straight up. At the top of its path its instantaneous speed is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A ball is thrown straight up. At the top of its path, its acceleration is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If a freely falling object were somehow equipped with a speedometer, its speed reading would increase each second by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A freely falling object strats from rest. After falling for 6 seconds it will have a speed of about |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acceleration is defined as the change in |
|
Definition
| velocity divided by the time interval |
|
|
Term
| Suppose you are in a car that is going around a curve. The speedometer reads a constant 30m/h. What is not true? |
|
Definition
| Your velocity is constant. |
|
|
Term
| A car starts from rest and after 7 seoncds it is moving 42m/s. What is the car's average acceleration? |
|
Definition
6m/s^2
Explanation:
a = v/t
a = 42/7
a = 6 |
|
|
Term
| When representing velocity as a vector |
|
Definition
1.The direction of the arrow shows the direction of motion
2. The length of the arrow represents the speed
3.The length of the arrow is drawn to a suitable scale
ALL OF THESE ABOVE |
|
|
Term
In the absence of air friction, the horizontal component of a projectile's velocity doesn't change as the projectile moves
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A ball is thrown into the air at some angle. At the very top of the ball's path, it's velocity is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the absence of air resistance, at what other angle will a thrown ball go the same distance as one thrown at an angle of 75 degrees? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When you sit on a chair, the resultant force on you is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the absence of an external force, a moving object will |
|
Definition
| move with constant velocity |
|
|
Term
| You are standing in a moving bus, facing forward, and you suddenly fall forward as the bus comes to an immediate stop. What force caused you to fall forward? |
|
Definition
| There is not a force leading to your fall |
|
|
Term
| Which of Newton's laws best explains why motorists should buckle up? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When the rocket engines on the starship NO-PAIN-NO-GAIN are suddenly turned off, while traveling in empty space, the straship will |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In the diagram shown, the unknown vector is...
[image]
[image]
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A 10kg mass slides down a flat hill that makes an angle of 10 degrees with the horizontal. If friction is negligible, what is the resultant force on the sled? |
|
Definition
17N
Explanation:
n = 1.7(10)
n = 17 |
|
|
Term
[image]
A traffic light of weight 100N is supported by two ropes as shown in Fig.4-2. What are the tensions in the ropes? |
|
Definition
83 N
Explanation:
sin37 = 100/h
h = 83 |
|
|
Term
| What is the speed of an object at rest? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following situations represents a negative displacement? (Assume positive position is measured vertically upward along a y-axis.) |
|
Definition
| A cat jumps from a tree limb to the ground. |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following units is thet SI unit of velocity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
[image]
Position
In the graph above, what is the correct description of any location to the left of the zero? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the graph above, a toy car rolls from +3m to +5m. Which of the following statements is true? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Suppose you are given a positon versus time graph. The slope of a line drawn tangent to a point on the curve of this graph describes what quantity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following line segments on a position versus time graph is physically impossible? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acceleration is defined as |
|
Definition
| the rate of changing velocity |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is the equation for acceleration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the SI unit of acceleration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If you know the aaceleration of a car, its initial veloctiy, and the time interval, which of the following can you predict? |
|
Definition
1. The direction of the car's final velocity
2. the magnitude of the car's final velocity
3. the displacement of the car
ALL OF THE ABOVE |
|
|
Term
| When a car's velocity is positive and its acceleration is negative, what is happening to the car's motion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When a car's velocity is negative and its acceleration is negative, what is happening to the car's motion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following line segments on a velocity versus time graph is physically impossible? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The motion of a ball on an inclined plane is described by the equation: Δx = 1/2a(Δt)2. Which of the following quantities must have a value of zero? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acceleration due to gravity is also called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following statements applies to the motion of a ball rising and then falling in free fall? |
|
Definition
I. The ball has constant acceleration as it moves upward.
II. The ball has constant acceleration at the top of its path.
III. The ball has constant acceleration as it moves downward.
I, II, and III |
|
|
Term
| A baseball catcher throws a ball vertically upward and catches it in the same spot as it returns to the mitt. At what point in the ball's path does it experience zero velocity and nonzero acceleration at the same time? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When there is no air resistance, obejcts of different masses dropped from rest |
|
Definition
| fall with equal accelerations and with equal displacements |
|
|
Term
| Objects that are falling toward Earth in free fall move |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which would hit the ground first if dropped from the same height in a vacuum-- a feather or a metal bolt? |
|
Definition
| They would hit the ground at the same time |
|
|
Term
| Which would fall with greater acceleration in a vacuum--a leaf or a stone? |
|
Definition
| They would accelerate at the same rate. |
|
|
Term
| Two students are standing on a fire escape, one twice as high as the other. Simultaneously, each drops a ball. If the first ball strikes the ground at time Δt1, when will the second ball strike the ground?(Disregard air resistance. Assume a=-g=-9.81m/s2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is a physical quality that has a magnitude but no direction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is a physical quality that has both magnitude and direction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Identify the following quantites as scalar or vector: the mass of an object, the number of leaves on a tree, wind velocity. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Identify the following quantites as scalar or vector: the speed of a snail, the time it takes to run a mile, the free-fall acceleration. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For the winter, a duck flies 10m/s due south against a gust of wind with a speed of 2.5m/s. What is the resultant velocity of the duck? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Multiplying or dividing vectors by scalars results in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A car travels downa road at a certain velocity, vcar. The driver slows down so that the car is traveling only half as fast as before. Which of the following is the correct expression for the resulting velocity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A student walks from the door of the house to the end of the driveway and realizes that he missed the bus. The student runs back to the house, traveling three times as fast. Which of the following is the correct expression for the return velocity if the initial velocity is vstudent. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is the best coordinate system to analyze a painter climbing a ladder at an angle of 60dgrs to the ground? |
|
Definition
| x-axis: horizontal along the ground; y-axis: up and down |
|
|
Term
| An ant on a picnic table travels 3 x 103 cm eastward, then 25cm northward, and finally 15cm westward. What is the magnitude of the ant's displacement relative to its original position? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In a coordinate system, a vector is oriented at angle θ with respect to the x-axis. The x component of the vector equals the vector's magnitude multiplied by which trigonometric function? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In a coordinate system, a vector is oriented at angle θ with respect to the x-axis. The y component of the vector equals the vector's magnitude multiplied by which trigonometric function? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Find the resultant of these two vectors:2 x 102 units due east and 4 x 102 units 30dgrs north of west. |
|
Definition
| 248 units, 53.9dgrs north of west |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is an example of projectile motion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is not an example of projectile motion? |
|
Definition
| a hot-air balloon drifting toward Earth |
|
|
Term
| What is the path of a projectile (in the absence of friction)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A passenger on a bus moving east sees a man standing on a curb. From the passenger's perspective, the man appears to |
|
Definition
| move west at a speed that is equal to the bus's speed |
|
|
Term
| A piece of chalk is dropped by a teacher walking at a speed of 1.5m/s. From the teacher's perspective, the chalk appears to fall |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A jet moving at 500km/h due east is in a region where the wind is moving at 120km/h in a direction 30dgrs north of east. What is the speed of the aircraft relative to the ground? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A force does not work on an object if a component of the force |
|
Definition
| is parallel to the displacement of the object |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the displacement is not zero |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the sign of work is negative... |
|
Definition
| the displacement is in the direction opposite the force |
|
|
Term
| IN which of the following scenarios is work done? |
|
Definition
| A car decelerates while traveling on a flat stretch of road |
|
|
Term
| In which of the following scenarios is no net work done? |
|
Definition
| a car travels at a constant speed on a flat road |
|
|
Term
| A child moving at constant velocity carries a 2N ice-cream cone 1m across a level surface. What is the net work done on the ice-cream cone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A worker does 25 J of work lifting a bucket, then sets the bucket back down in the same place. What is the total net work done on the bucket? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A construction worker pushes a wheelbarrow 5m with a horizontal force of 50N. How much work is done by the worker on the wheelbarrow? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following energy forms is associated with an object in motion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following energy forms is associated with an object due to its position? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ball A has triple the mass and speed of ball B. What is the ratio of the kinetic energy of ball A to ball B? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If friction is the only force acting on an object during a given physical process, which of the following assumptions can be made in regard to the object's kinetic energy? |
|
Definition
| the kinetic energy decreases |
|
|
Term
| the main difference between kinetic energy and potential energy is that |
|
Definition
| kinetic energy invovles motion and potential energy involves position |
|
|
Term
| gravitational potential energy is always measured in relation to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is a true statement about the conservation of energy? |
|
Definition
| mechanical energy is always conserved |
|
|
Term
| Why doesn't the principle of mechanical energy conservation hold in situations when frictional forces are present? |
|
Definition
| kinetic energy is not completely converted to a form of potential energy |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is the rate at which energy is transferred? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following equations can be used to directly calculate an object's momentum, p? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the SI units for momentum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When comparing the momentum of two moving objects, which of the following is correct? |
|
Definition
| The less massive object will have less momentum if the velocities are the same |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following has the greatest momentum? |
|
Definition
| a tortoise with a mass of 275kg moving at velocity of 0.55m/s |
|
|
Term
| A person sitting in a chair with wheels stands up, causing the chair to roll backward across the floor. The momentum of the chair |
|
Definition
| was zero while stationary and increased when the person stood |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following equations can be used to directly calculate the change in an object's momentum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If a force is exerted on an object, which statement is true? |
|
Definition
| A small force applied over a long time interval can produce a large change in the object's momentum |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following situations is an example of a visible change in momentum? |
|
Definition
| A baseball is hit by a bat |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following situations is an example of a significant change in momentum? |
|
Definition
| a tennis ball is hit into a net |
|
|
Term
| The impulse experienced by a body is equivalent to the body's change in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following statements properly relates the variables in the equation FΔt = Δp? |
|
Definition
| A large constant force acting over a long time interval causes a large change in momentum. |
|
|
Term
| A soccer ball collides with another soccer ball at rest. The total momentum of the balls |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| momentum is always conserved |
|
|
Term
| A player catches a ball. Consider the action force to be the impact of the ball against the player's glove. What is the reaction to this force? |
|
Definition
| the force the glove exerts on the ball |
|
|
Term
| an unfortunate bug splatters against the windshield of a moving car. Compared to the deceleration of the car, the deceleration of the bug is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Earth pulls on the moon and similarly the moon pulls on Earth. This is evidence that the |
|
Definition
1. Earth and moon are simply pulling on each other
2. Earth's and moon's pulls comprise an action-reaction pair
BOTH OF THESE |
|
|
Term
| A rocket is able to accelerate in the vacuum of space when it fires its engines. The force that propels the rocket is the force |
|
Definition
| of the exhaust gases on the rocket |
|
|
Term
| Your friend says that the heavyweight champion of the world cannot exert a force of 95N on a peice of tissue paper with his best punch. The tissue paper is held in midair, no wall and no tricks. |
|
Definition
| You agree that it can't be done. |
|
|
Term
| Suppose two people, one having three times the mass of the other, pull on opposite sides of a 20 meter rope while on frictionless ice. After a brief time, they meet. The more massive person slides a distance of... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the absence of an external force, a moving object will |
|
Definition
| move with constant velocity |
|
|
Term
| A rocket moves through empty space in a straight line with constant speed. It is far from the gravitational effect of any star or planet. Under these conditions, the force that must be applied to the rocket in order to sustain its motion is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A constant net force acts on an object. Describe the motion of the object |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The acceleration of an object in inversely proportional to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A net force F acts on a mass m and produces an acceleration s. What acceleration results if a net force 2F acts on mass 4m? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The time for one cycle of a periodic process is called the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For a periodic process, the number of cycles per unit time is called the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For vibrational motion, the maximum displacement from the equilibrium point is called the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A simple pendulum consists of mass M attatched to a weightless string of length L. For this system, when undergoing small oscillations |
|
Definition
| the frequency is independent of the mass M |
|
|
Term
| When the mass of a simple pendulum is tripled, the time required for one complete vibration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens to a simple pendulum's frequency if both its length and mass are increased? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Simple pendulum A swings back and forth at twoce the frequency of simple pendulum B. Which statement is correct? |
|
Definition
| The length of B is four times the length of A |
|
|
Term
| If you take a given pendulum to the Moon, where the acceleration of gravity is less than on Earth, the resonant frequency of the pendulum will |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In a wave, the maximum displacement of points of the wave from equilibrium is called the wave's |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The distance between successive crests on a wave is called the wave's |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The number of crests of a wave passing a point per unit time is called the wave's |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For a wave, the frequency times the wavelength is the wave's |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The frequency of a wave increases. What happens to the distance between successive crests if the speed remains constant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In seismology, the S is a transverse wave. As an S wave travels through the Earth, the relative motion between the S wave and the particles is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Two wave pulses with equal opposite amplitudes pass eachother on a string, one is traveling toward the right and the other toward the left. At the point that they occupy the same region of space at the same time |
|
Definition
| constructive interference occurs |
|
|
Term
| Two wave pulses pass eachother on a string. The one traveling toward the right has a positive amplitude, while the one traveling toward the left has an equal amplitude in the negative direction. At the point that they occupy the same region of space at the same time |
|
Definition
| destructive interference occurs |
|
|
Term
| When obeject is moving with uniform circular motion, the object's tangential speed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When an object is moving with uniform circular motion, the centripetal acceleration of the object |
|
Definition
| is directed toward the center of motion |
|
|
Term
| What is the term for the net force directed toward the center of an object's circular path? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following can be centripetal force? |
|
Definition
1.friction
2.gravity
3.tension
ALL OF ABOVE |
|
|
Term
| The centripetal force on an object in circular motion is |
|
Definition
| in the plane of the object's motion and perpendicular to the tengential speed |
|
|
Term
| When a car makes a sharp left turn, what causes the passengers to move toward the right side of car? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When calculating the gravitational force between two extended bodies, you should measure the distance |
|
Definition
| from the center of each body |
|
|
Term
| According to Kepler's laws of planetary motion |
|
Definition
| if Δt1 = Δt2, then A1 = A2 |
|
|
Term
How would the speed of Earth's orbit around the sun change if Earth's distance from the sun increased by 4 times?
|
|
Definition
It would decrease by a factor of 2
|
|
|
Term
| How would the speed of Earth's orbit around the sun change if Earth's mass increased by 4 times? |
|
Definition
| it would increase by a factor of 2 |
|
|
Term
| Is it possible for an object moving with a constant speed to accelerate? Explain. |
|
Definition
| Yes, although the speed is constant, the direction of velocity can be changing. |
|
|
Term
| An object moves in a circular path at a constant speed. Compare the direction of the object's velocity and acceleration vectors. |
|
Definition
| The vectors are perpendicular |
|
|
Term
| A car goes around a curve of radius r at a constant speed v. Then it goes around the same curve at half of the original speed. What is the centripetal force on the car as it goes around the curve for the second time, compared to the first time? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is it possible for an object moving around a circular path to have both centripetal anf tengential acceleration? |
|
Definition
| Yes, this is possible if the speed is changing. |
|
|
Term
| Two objects attract each other gravitationally. If the distance between their centers is cut in half, the gravitational force |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Compared to its mass on Earth, the mass of an object on the Moon is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Suppose a satellite were orbiting the Earth just above the surface. What is its centripetal acceleration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A hypothetical planet has a mass of half that of the Earth and a radius of twice that of the Earth. What is the acceleration due to gravity on the planet in terms of g, the acceleration due to gravity at Earth? |
|
Definition
|
|
