Term
| what is the communication of blood vessels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a small artery that branches off to connect to a capillary? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a smaller blood vessel which branches off an arteriole and supplies blood directly to tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a network of blood vessels- usually veins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are blood vessels that carry blood to the heart |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are smaller veins which drain capillaries of tissue and then joins larger veins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a blood filled space between two layers of tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 components of vascular system? |
|
Definition
arterial blood supply
capillary network
venous drainage |
|
|
Term
| are there generally valves in the veins of the neck? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what vein of the neck does have a valve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what can cause local pressure changes leading to serious complications? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which arteries supply blood to the left side of the body? |
|
Definition
| common carotid and subclavian branch |
|
|
Term
| where do the left common carotid and subclavian branch branch from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which arteries supply blood to the right side of the head? |
|
Definition
| common carotid and subclavian |
|
|
Term
| where do the right common carotid and subclavian branch from? |
|
Definition
| brachiocephalic which branches from the aorta |
|
|
Term
| the common carotid travels through the sheath deep to which muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the major artery supplying the brain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the carotid pulse palpated during emergency situations? |
|
Definition
| at the level of the thyroid cartilage (adams apple) |
|
|
Term
| which artery is branchless and is lateral to the trachea and larynx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the two branches of the common carotid? |
|
Definition
| internal and external carotid |
|
|
Term
| the superior thyroid artery supplies blood to what tissues? |
|
Definition
| inferior to the hyoid bone and thyroid gland? |
|
|
Term
| the lingual artery supplies blood to what tissues |
|
Definition
| tissue superior to the hyoid bone and tongue |
|
|
Term
| the sublingual artery supplies blood to what areas? (4) |
|
Definition
mylohyoid
sublingual salivary glands
mucous membranes
suprahyoid muscles |
|
|
Term
| what are the 4 anterior branches of the external carotid |
|
Definition
superior thyroid
lingual artery
sublingual
facial artery |
|
|
Term
| what are the 6 branches of the facial artery? |
|
Definition
ascending palatine
glandular
submental
inferior labial
superior labial
angular |
|
|
Term
| the ascending palatine artery supplies what tissues (3) |
|
Definition
soft palate
palatine muscles
palatine tonsils |
|
|
Term
| the glandular and submental arteries supply what tissues? (4) |
|
Definition
submandibular lymph
submandibular salivary gland
mylohyoid muscle
digastric muscle |
|
|
Term
| the angular artery supplies what tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the terminal branch of the facial artery? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 2 posterior branches of the external carotid? |
|
Definition
occipital artery
posterior auricular artery |
|
|
Term
| terminal branches of the external carotid arise from what region of the skull? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the medial branch of the external carotid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 2 terminal branches of the external carotid artery? |
|
Definition
superficial temporal
maxillary |
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 parts of the maxillary artery |
|
Definition
middle meningeal artery
mylohyoid artery
inferior alveolar artery |
|
|
Term
| which branch of the maxillary artery supplies the meninges of the brain by way of the foramen spinosum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which maxillary artery enters the mandibular foramen and passes through the mandibular canal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what teeth does the inferior alveolar artery supply? |
|
Definition
| mandibular posterior teeth |
|
|
Term
| what is the name for the branches of the inferior alveolar artery that supply the teeth? |
|
Definition
| dental and alveolar branches |
|
|
Term
| what artery branches from the inferior alveolar artery before it enters the mandibular foramen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the inferior alveolar artery splits into what two branches? |
|
Definition
incisive artery
mental artery |
|
|
Term
| what artery exits the mental foramen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which artery stays in the mandibular canal and supplies the mandibular anterior teeth and tissues? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what branch of the maxillary artery supplies the anterior and posterior temporalis muscle? |
|
Definition
| deep temporal arteries (2) |
|
|
Term
| which artery supplies the medial and lateral pterygoid muscles? which artery does this branch from? |
|
Definition
| pterygoid arteries from maxillary artery |
|
|
Term
| what artery supplies the masseteric muscle? what artery does this branch from? |
|
Definition
| masseteric artery from maxillary artery |
|
|
Term
| what branch of the maxillary artery supplies the buccinator and soft tissues of the cheek? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the maxillary artery enters what skull structure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the posterior superior alveolar artery enters a foramina on what skull structure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the posterior superior alveolar artery gives rise to what branches? |
|
Definition
| dental and alveolar branches |
|
|
Term
| the dental and alveolar branches of the Posterior superior alveolar artery supply which teeth? |
|
Definition
| maxillary posterior teeth |
|
|
Term
| what is the path of the infraorbital artery starting from the maxillary artery? |
|
Definition
enters orbit through inferior orbital fissure
travels through infraorbital canal
splits to form anterior superior alveolar artery
exits infraorbital foramen |
|
|
Term
| what does the anterior superior alveolar artery supply? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what artery anastamoses with the posterior superior alveolar artery? |
|
Definition
| anterior superior alveolar artery |
|
|
Term
| what branch of the maxillary artery forms while it is in the pterygopalatine fossa? |
|
Definition
| Descending palatine artery |
|
|
Term
After traveling through the ptergopalatine canal, the Descending palatine artery
terminates in what branches? |
|
Definition
| greater and lesser palatine arteries |
|
|
Term
| the maxillary artery terminates by forming which artery? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the sphenopalatine artery gives rise to which branches? |
|
Definition
| nasopalatine and septal branches |
|
|
Term
| what two structures exit the incisive foramen? |
|
Definition
| nasopalatine artery and nerve |
|
|
Term
| what artery supplies the hard palate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do veins of the head and neck start out as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what vein originates in the cranial cavity and leaves the skull through the jugular foramen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what vein drains the brain and most tissues of the head and neck? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what vein drains part of the extracranial tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 8 veinous drainages of the head and neck? |
|
Definition
facial
retromandibular
superficial temporal
maxillary
pterygoid plexus
middle meningeal
posterior superior alveolar
inferior alveolar |
|
|
Term
| where does the facial vein begin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the junction of what three veins provides communication with the cavernous sinus |
|
Definition
supraorbital
supratrochlear
opthalmic |
|
|
Term
| why are infections of the cavernous sinus dangerous? |
|
Definition
| no valves to prevent backflow of infectious materials |
|
|
Term
| what 4 veins drain into the facial vein? |
|
Definition
superior labial vein
inferior labial vein
submental vein
lingual vein |
|
|
Term
| what vein drains the tissues of the chin and submandibular region? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what regions does the lingual vein drain? |
|
Definition
| tongue and floor of mouth |
|
|
Term
| the facial vein joins with which two deep veins? |
|
Definition
pterygoid plexus
retromolar vein |
|
|
Term
| the facial vein eventually drains into which vein? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the retromolar vein is formed by the junction of which two veins? |
|
Definition
| temporal and maxillary vein |
|
|
Term
| which vein is located inferiorly to the parotid gland? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which veins join the retromolar vein? |
|
Definition
facial vein
posterior auricular vein |
|
|
Term
| which vein drains the lateral scalp |
|
Definition
| superficial temporal vein |
|
|
Term
| which veins contribute to the pterygoid plexus (5) |
|
Definition
middle meningeal
posterior superior anterior
inferior alveolar
nasal cavity
palate |
|
|
Term
| which vein drains veins from pterygoid muscles and deep parts of the face? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what structure protects the maxillary artery from being compressed during mastication |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does the pterygoid plexus protect the maxillary artery form being compressed |
|
Definition
| accomodates changes in the volume of the infratemporal fossa when the mandible moves |
|
|
Term
| what does the middle meningeal vein drain? |
|
Definition
| dura mater of the meninges and bones of the brain |
|
|
Term
| what does the posterior superior alveolar vein drain? |
|
Definition
| all maxillary teeth and periodontium |
|
|
Term
| what branches drain into the interior alveolar vein? |
|
Definition
| dental and alveolar branches |
|
|
Term
| what does the inferior alveolar vein drain? |
|
Definition
| all mandibular teeth and periodontium |
|
|
Term
| the mental vein is a branch of what vein? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| there is risk for pterygoid plexus pierce during what injection? |
|
Definition
| posterior superior alveolar injection (PSA) |
|
|
Term
| what is the usual cause of piercing the pterygoing plexus during a PSA injection? |
|
Definition
| over insertion of the needle |
|
|
Term
| what are 3 impacts of an incorrect PSA injection |
|
Definition
blood escapes into tissue
swelling, tenderness, discoloration
spread of infection into deep tissues |
|
|
Term
| what is the term for a bruise that results from an injured blood vessel that leaks blood into tissues and clots |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the most important venous sinus to dental care? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the only anatomical location in the body in which an artery passes through a venous structure? |
|
Definition
| venous sinus / cavernous sinus |
|
|
Term
| what structures pass through the cavernous sinus? |
|
Definition
internal carotid artery
CN 3, 4, 6, V1, and V2 |
|
|
Term
| does the internal jugular have one way valves? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the internal jugular vein travels through the carotid sheath with which 2 additional structures? |
|
Definition
common carotid artery
vagus nerve |
|
|
Term
| what lymph structure forms a chain along the internal jugular vein |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the external jugular vein originate and end? |
|
Definition
begins at retromandibular vein
terminates in subclavian vain |
|
|
Term
| what is the most unique feature of the external jugular vein? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the valve on the external jugular vein |
|
Definition
| near the entry of the subclavian vein |
|
|
Term
| what vein crosses the sternocleidomastoid muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the last vein to drain into the external jugular vein before it merges with the subclavian vein? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the external jugular veins terminate in which veins? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| after the internal jugular vein joins the subclavian vein, it is known as what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the L and R brachiocephalic veins join to become what structure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| are brachiocephalic veins symmetrical? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a fatty substance found in arteries consists of cholesterol, calcium and clotting proteins? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the term for narrowing and blockage of arteries to the heart caused by plaque? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a blood clot formed on a vessel wall? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a blood clot that is dislodged and travels through vessels? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the condition where bacteria is found in the blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a serious trauma where large amounts of blood escape and is life threatening |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a structure that produces a chemical secretion needed for normal body functioning |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 5 glandular tissues of the head and neck? |
|
Definition
lacrimal
salivary
thyroid
parathyroid
thymus |
|
|
Term
| what type of gland has a duct associated with it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the secretion for an endocrine emptied? |
|
Definition
| directly into the vascular system |
|
|
Term
| T/F- lacrimal glands are paired? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do lacrimal glands secrete? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 2 parts of the lacrimal glands? |
|
Definition
palpebral part
orbital part |
|
|
Term
| what is the larger part of the lacrimal gland? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what portion of the lacrimal gland contains the lacrimal ducts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the nasolacrimal duct found? |
|
Definition
| junction of the lacrimal and maxillary bones |
|
|
Term
| describe the pathway of secreted tears |
|
Definition
collect in upper lid fornix conjunctiva
pass over eye to lacrimal puncta of medial canthus
fluid passes over eye and into nasolacrimal sac
drains into inferior nasal meatus |
|
|
Term
| where is the lacrimal gland located? |
|
Definition
| in the lacrimal fossa of the frontal bone |
|
|
Term
| what innervates the lacrimal gland |
|
Definition
| parasympathetic fibers from the greater petrosal nerve (7th cranial/facial nerve) |
|
|
Term
| where do the preganglionic fibers synapse for the lacrimal gland? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lacrimal glands drain where? |
|
Definition
| superficial parotid lymph nodes |
|
|
Term
| what is the arterial supply for the lacrimal gland? |
|
Definition
| lacrimal artery (branch of opthalmic arter of internal carotid) |
|
|
Term
| what is the term for persistent dryness of the eyes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are 2 potential causes of dry eye syndrome? |
|
Definition
aging
medications causing xerostomia |
|
|
Term
| saliva contributes to which two bodily systems |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are 3 rolls of saliva? |
|
Definition
lubrication
cleanses the oral cavity
helps in digestion |
|
|
Term
| what controls salivary glands? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| are salivary glands endocrine or exocrine glands? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 major salivary glands? |
|
Definition
parotid
submandibular
sublingual |
|
|
Term
| what is the largest salivary gland? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which of the major salivary glands is NOT encapsulated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the lobes of the parotid gland named? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what space does the parotid gland occupy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the duct associated with the parotid salivary gland? |
|
Definition
| parotid duct / stenson's duct |
|
|
Term
| what is the small elevation on the inner surface of the cheek that marks the opening of the parotid duct? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what innervates the parotid salivary gland? |
|
Definition
optic ganglion of 9th CN (glossopharyngeal)
auriculotemporal branch of 5th CN (trigeminal) |
|
|
Term
| what nerve travels between the parotid gland lobes but does not innervate it? |
|
Definition
| 7th cranial nerve (facial nerve) |
|
|
Term
| where does the parotid gland drain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the arterial supply for the parotid gland? |
|
Definition
| branches of external carotid artery |
|
|
Term
| what two structures become enlarged and tender when a patient has mumps? |
|
Definition
deep parotid nodes
parotid salivary gland |
|
|
Term
| what disease is sometimes called "chipmonk cheeks" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| damage to the parotid gland during injections may cause what issue? |
|
Definition
| transient facial paralysis (facial nerve) |
|
|
Term
| what space houses the submandibular fossa? |
|
Definition
| submandibular fascial space |
|
|
Term
| what duct is associated with the submandibular salivary gland? |
|
Definition
submandibular duct
wharton's duct |
|
|
Term
| what is the small papilla near the midline of the mouth floor where wharton's duct opens into the oral cavity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what innervates the submandibular salivary gland? |
|
Definition
chorda tympani
submandibular ganglion of 7th CN (facial) |
|
|
Term
| where does the submandibular gland drain? |
|
Definition
| submandibular lymph nodes |
|
|
Term
| what is the arterial supply for the submandibular glands |
|
Definition
| branches of facial and lingual arteries |
|
|
Term
| what is the secretion of the parotid gland? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the secretion of the submandibular gland? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the secretion of the sublingual gland? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what depression houses the sublingual salivary gland? |
|
Definition
| sublingual fossa in sublingual fascial space of floor of mouth |
|
|
Term
| what are the ducts associated with the sublingual gland? |
|
Definition
short ducts of Rivinus
longer- sublingual / Bartholin duct |
|
|
Term
| where does the sublingual salivary gland open to the oral cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what innervates the sublingual salivary gland? |
|
Definition
chorda tympani (parasympathetic)
submandibular ganglion of 7th CN (facial) |
|
|
Term
| where does the sublingual salivary gland drain/ |
|
Definition
| submandibular lymph nodes |
|
|
Term
| what is the arterial supply for the sublingual gland? |
|
Definition
| sublingual and submental arteries |
|
|
Term
| what tissues are minor salivary glands found? |
|
Definition
buccal
labial
lingual
soft palate
lateral hard palate
floor of mouth |
|
|
Term
| what minor salivary glands are associated with the circumvallate papilla of the tongue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| minor salivary glands are innervated by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a structure that can block drainage of saliva from a duct? |
|
Definition
| salivary stone (sialolith) |
|
|
Term
| what is the term for enlargement of a minor salivary gland? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the term for enlargement of a major salivary gland? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| other than a sialolith, what can cause blockage of saliva from exiting a duct? |
|
Definition
| severance of the duct for trauama |
|
|
Term
| what are some common causes of hyposalivation |
|
Definition
medications
disease
radiation therapy |
|
|
Term
| what is another term for dry mouth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are some possible clinical impacts of xerostomia? |
|
Definition
trauma to oral mucosa
cervical caries
speech problems
mastication problems
bad breath |
|
|
Term
| what is the largest endocrine gland? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the thyroid gland secrete and where does it secrete it? |
|
Definition
| thyroxine directly into the blood |
|
|
Term
| what is the role of Thyroxine (T3) in the body? |
|
Definition
regulates metabolic rate
T4 helps to influence heart rate, temp, mood, and alertness |
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 regions of the thyroid gland |
|
Definition
| L and R lateral lobes connected by an isthmus |
|
|
Term
| is the thyroid gland superior or inferior to the thyroid cartilage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what innervates the thyroid gland? |
|
Definition
| sympathetic nerves of the cervical ganglia |
|
|
Term
| what drains the thyroid gland? |
|
Definition
| superior deep cervical lymph nodes |
|
|
Term
| what is the arterial supply for the thyroid gland? |
|
Definition
| superior and inferior thyroid arteries |
|
|
Term
| what structure is located on the posterior portion of the thyroid gland? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do the parathyroid glands secrete? what is it's role? |
|
Definition
| secretes parathyroid hormone which regulates calcium and phosphorous levels |
|
|
Term
| is the parathyroid an exocrine or endocrine gland? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is the parathyroid palpable during an EO examination? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the vascular supply and innervation of the parathyroid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is an enlarged thyroid gland called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
auto-immune disorders
(hypo and hyperthyroidism) |
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 parts of the thymus? |
|
Definition
| L and R lateral lobes connected by an isthmus |
|
|
Term
| where is the thymus located? |
|
Definition
| thorax and anterior region of the base of the neck (inferior to thyroid) |
|
|
Term
| why is the thymus temporary? |
|
Definition
| begins the immune system as a child and then shrinks after puberty |
|
|
Term
| what innervates the thymus? |
|
Definition
| 10th CN (vagus) and cervical nerves |
|
|
Term
| where does the thymus drain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the arterial supply of the thymus |
|
Definition
| inferior thyroid and internal thoracic arteries |
|
|
Term
| inhibition of blood circulation as the result of a thrombus can lead to what conditions? |
|
Definition
stroke
heart attack
tissue destruction |
|
|
Term
| other than a PSA injection, what other injections can cause hematomas, even when done correctly? |
|
Definition
| infraorbital block or inferior alveolar block |
|
|
Term
| Patients with periodontal disease are how many times more likely to suffer fro cardiovascular disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what drains the maxillary and mandibular dental tissues? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what vein forms after the merger of the superficial temporal and the maxillary vein? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the middle meningeal artery passes through what bony structure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what arteries supply the mucous membranes of the hard and soft palate? |
|
Definition
| greater and lesser palatine arteries |
|
|
Term
| what does the maxillary artery do when it enters the pterygopalatine fossa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a blood filled space between two tissue layers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are small vessels that branch off an arteriole to supply blood directly to tissues |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the carotid pulse palpated in an emergency |
|
Definition
| level of the thyroid cartilage |
|
|
Term
| what is the major arterial supply for the tongue is a branch from which artery? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what artery anastamoses with the superior alveolar artery? |
|
Definition
| posterior superior alveolar artery |
|
|
Term
| on the left side of the body, the common carotid and subclavian arteries arise directly from what structure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the larger terminal branch of the external carotid artery? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the brachiocephalic veins join to form what structure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what structure is contained within the carotid sheath? |
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Definition
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Term
| what gland is located anterior to the submandibular gland? |
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Definition
| sublingual salivary gland |
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Term
| which gland has a deep and superficial lobe |
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Definition
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Term
| what 2 glands have 2 lobes connected by an isthmus |
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Definition
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Term
| what nerve innervates both the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the oral landmark for the opening of the submandibular duct? |
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Definition
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Term
| where is the thyroid gland located |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the blood supply for the parotid gland |
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Definition
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Term
| the lacrimal gland eventually drains where? |
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Definition
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Term
| when examining the thyroid on a patient, it is important to do what? |
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Definition
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Term
| what occurs in the thymus gland? |
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Definition
| maturation of immume system T cells |
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Term
| the sublingual salivary glands are drained by? |
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Definition
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