Term
| what are 4 actions/roles of the nervous system |
|
Definition
cause muscle contraction
stimulate gland secretion
regulate vascular and digestive system
perceive touch and sensation |
|
|
Term
| what are the two main divisions of the nervous system |
|
Definition
central nervous system
peripheral nervous system |
|
|
Term
| what is the cellular component of the nervous system which has a cell body and neural processes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a bundle of neural processes outside the CNS (inside the PNS) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the junction between two neurons or between a neuron and the effector organ where neural impulses are transmitted |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the supply of nerves to a body part? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is an accumulation of cell bodies outside the CNS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is an example of a neural ganglion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what type of nerve is sensory and carries information from the periphery of the body to the brain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| information concerning the movement and position of the body |
|
|
Term
| what does the pneumonic SAME stand for? |
|
Definition
| sensory affarent, motor efferent |
|
|
Term
| what type of nerve carries information away from the brain to the periphery of the body and usually control muscle contraction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many muscle fibers can one motor neuron control? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what charge is the inside of a neuron? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what charge is the outside of a neuron? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the term for the different in charge between the inside and outside of a neuron? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what unit of measure is used for resting potential of a neuron>? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what positive ions are associated with the inside and outside of a neuron? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what cellular mechanism maintains the neuron's resting potential? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the temporary reversal of the electrical potential along a neuron's membrane? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what causes generation of an action potential in a neuron? |
|
Definition
| rapid depolarization of the cell membrane due to neurotransmitter bonding |
|
|
Term
| when a neuron is depolarized, what ion movement is occuring? |
|
Definition
| Na gates open allowing positive Na ions to enter. |
|
|
Term
| after the neuron has depolarized, what ion channels open/close? |
|
Definition
| Na channels close and K channels open to allow re-establishing of the resting potential |
|
|
Term
| what is the period after passage of the action potential in which the neuron cannot be stimulated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the purpose of the refractory period? |
|
Definition
| prevents the impulse from being transmitted backwards along the membrane |
|
|
Term
| what are two examples of excitatory neurotransmitters? |
|
Definition
acetylcholine
norepinephrine |
|
|
Term
| what are 2 inhibitory neurotransmitters? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what happens to neurotransmitters after they bind to receptors on downhill neurons? (3) |
|
Definition
broken down by enzymes
diffuse
reabsorbed by the neuron |
|
|
Term
| what is a symptom of Parkinsons and what is it caused by? |
|
Definition
| rigidity- dopamine deficiency |
|
|
Term
| what neurotransmitter deficiency is seen in Huntington disease? |
|
Definition
| inhibitory neurotransmitters |
|
|
Term
| what is a symptom of Alzheimer disease and what is it caused by?> |
|
Definition
| memory problems- loss of acetylcholine producing neurons |
|
|
Term
| what effect does cocaine have on neurotransmitter levels? |
|
Definition
| blocks uptake of norepinephrine (excite) while stimulating uptake of dopamine (inhibit) |
|
|
Term
| what are special neurotransmitters involved in the sensation of pain in the CNS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are some synthetic/natural neurotransmitters that reduce the sensation of pain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does lidocaine reduce pain? |
|
Definition
| mimics inhibitory neuotransmitters which decrease the neuron's ability to generate an action potential |
|
|
Term
| what is the loss of feeling or sensation resulting from the use of certain drugs or gases that serve as inhibitory neurotransmitters? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the term for abnormal sensation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which local anesthetic is more potent than lidocaine and is only used on the maxillary arch in our clinic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which local anesthetic lacks epinephrine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which local anesthetic has epinephrine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the two main components of the CNS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the system of membranes that surrounds the brain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 layers of the meninges? |
|
Definition
dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater |
|
|
Term
| meninges surround which blood filled structures of the brain? |
|
Definition
| dural sinuses (cavernous sinus) |
|
|
Term
| what are the 4 main divisions of the brain? |
|
Definition
cerebrum
cerebellum
brainstem
diencephalon |
|
|
Term
| what happens to the brain as we age? |
|
Definition
it shrinks (up to 15% by age 80)
cerebral cortex experiences the most (higher thinking) |
|
|
Term
| what is the largest division of the brain and is composted of two cerebral hemispheres? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the role of the cerebrum |
|
Definition
coordinates sensory data and motor function
reasoning, learning and memory |
|
|
Term
| what is the role of the cerebellum? (3) |
|
Definition
muscle coordination
muscle tone and posture
balance |
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 components of the brainstem? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the role of the medulla? |
|
Definition
regulation of heartbeat, breathing, and BP
reflex center for vomiting, coughing, sneezing, swallowing and hicupping |
|
|
Term
| The cell bodies of motor neurons for what structure are located in the medulla? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what brainstem component is closest to the spinal cord? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what brainstem component connects the medulla with the cerebellum and higher brain centers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cell bodies for which cranial nerves are found in the pons? (2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the role of the midbrain? (3) |
|
Definition
| relay station for hearing, vision, and motor pathways |
|
|
Term
| what are the two portions of the diencephalon? |
|
Definition
| thalamus and hypothalamus |
|
|
Term
| which brain component regulates homeostasis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what brain component serves as the central relay point for incoming nerve impulses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what portion of the diencephalon regulates thirst, hunger, temperature, water balance, and BP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what portion of the brain links the nervous system to the endocrine system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The spinal cord runs along what side of the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the two types of brain substance that make up the spinal cord? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what makes up the gray matter of the spine? |
|
Definition
| unmyelinized cell bodies and dendrites |
|
|
Term
| what makes up the white matter of the spine? |
|
Definition
| axons insulated in sheaths of myelin formed by lipids and proteins |
|
|
Term
| what division of the efferent nervous system controls the muscular system and external sensory receptors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| can inhibitory signals be sent through the motor neurons of the somatic system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what division of the peripheral nervous system operates without any conscious control and acts as a caretaker of the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| are autonomic fibers afferent or efferent nerves? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what branch of the PNS has 2 nerve chains? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the two subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system? |
|
Definition
| sympathetic and parasympathetic |
|
|
Term
| what branch of the nervous system is known as the fight or flight response? |
|
Definition
| sympathetic nervous system |
|
|
Term
| what is an example of the fight or flight response |
|
Definition
| shutdown of salivary gland secretion with medications- xerostomia |
|
|
Term
| what branch of the nervous system is involved in the rest and digest response? |
|
Definition
| parasympathetic nervous system |
|
|
Term
| what is an example of the rest or digest response |
|
Definition
| stimulation of salivary gland secretions |
|
|
Term
| where do sympathetic nerves arise? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the ganglion of the sympathetic nerves? |
|
Definition
| chain running up the neck next to the vertebral column |
|
|
Term
| sympathetic fibers travel with what other structures to reach the cranial tissues? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the cranial nerves belong to which branch of the nervous system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which cranial nerve descends through the neck and into the thorax to innervate the viscera? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the 1st cranial nerve called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is the 1st cranial nerve afferent or efferent? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the 1st cranial nerve enter the skull |
|
Definition
| cribiform plate of the ethmoid |
|
|
Term
| What is the 2nd cranial nerve called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is the 2nd CN an afferent or efferent? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the 2nd CN connected from the brain to what portion of the eye? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the optic nerve (II) enters the skull through what opening? |
|
Definition
| optic canal of the sphenoid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is the 3rd CN (oculomotor) an afferent or efferent? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the 3rd CN (oculomotor) control? |
|
Definition
| muscles that move the eyeball |
|
|
Term
| what three CN are responsible for eye movements? |
|
Definition
III- oculomotor
IV- trochlear
VI- abducens |
|
|
Term
| the 3rd CN also caries which pre and post ganglionic fibers to which ganglion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the oculomotor nerve (III) lies within what portion of the skull? |
|
Definition
| lateral wall of the cavernous sinus |
|
|
Term
| where does the 3rd CN exit the skull? |
|
Definition
| superior orbital fissure of the sphenoid |
|
|
Term
| what is the name of the 4th CN? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is the 4th CN (trochlear) nerve an afferent or efferent nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the 4th CN serve? |
|
Definition
| one eye muscle and proprioception |
|
|
Term
| what nerve is the 4th CN similar to but without parasympathetic fibers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the only CN that exits the posterior side of the brainstem? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the trochlear nerve (IV) lies within what portion of the skull? |
|
Definition
| lateral wall of the cavernous sinus |
|
|
Term
| where does the trochlear nerve (IV) exit the skull? |
|
Definition
| superior orbital fissure of the sphenoid bone |
|
|
Term
| what is the name for the 5th CN? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is the 5th CN (trigeminal) an afferent or efferent nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the efferent components of the trigeminal nerve? (2) |
|
Definition
muscles of mastication
cranial muscles |
|
|
Term
| what are the afferent components of the 5th CN (trigeminal) (5) |
|
Definition
sensation for the:
teeth
tongue
oral cavity
skin of the face
skin of the head |
|
|
Term
| what is the largest cranial nerve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many trunks are there for the trigeminal nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 2 roots of the trigeminal nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the 6th CN called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is the 6th CN (abducens) an afferent or efferent nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the 6th CN (abducens) control? |
|
Definition
| lateral rectus eye muscle (moves the eye laterally) |
|
|
Term
| the 6th CN enters the skull through which opening? |
|
Definition
| superior orbital fissure of the sphenoid bone |
|
|
Term
| what path does the 6th CN travel inside the skull |
|
Definition
| through cavernous sinus along the internal carotid artery |
|
|
Term
| what is usually the first nerve affected by infection of the cavernous sinus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is the 7th CN (facial) an afferent or efferent nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the efferent/motor component of the 7th CN (facial) |
|
Definition
muscles of facial expression
parasympathetic innervation of lacrimal, submandibular, and sublingual salivary gland |
|
|
Term
| where does the facial nerve relay before innervating the lacrimal gland? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the facial nerve relay before innervating the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what nerve is usually involved in strokes and facial paralysis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the afferent/sensory component of the 7th CN (facial)- 3 |
|
Definition
patch of skin behind the ear
taste sensation
body of tongue |
|
|
Term
| what is the pathway for the 7th cranial (facial) nerve to exit the skull? |
|
Definition
pass through internal acoustic meatus
facial canal of the temporal bone
exits stylomastoid foramen of temporal |
|
|
Term
| what nerve travels through the parotid gland? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is the 8th CN (vestibulocochlear) an afferent or efferent nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the roll of the 8th CN (vestibulocochlear)? |
|
Definition
| hearing and balance (signals from inner ear to brain) |
|
|
Term
| the 8th CN enters the cranial cavity through what foramen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the 8th CN (vestibulocochlear) supplies which two major parts of the ear? |
|
Definition
cochlea
semicircular canals |
|
|
Term
| what is the role of the cochlea in the ear? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the role of the semicircular canals in the ear? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the 9th cranial nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is the 9th CN an afferent or efferent nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the efferent components of the 9th CN (glossopharyngeal) |
|
Definition
pharyngeal muscle
sylopharyngeus muscle
parasympathetic innervation for the parotid salivary gland |
|
|
Term
| what is the afferent component for the 9th CN (glossopharyngeal) |
|
Definition
| taste and general sensation from the base of the tongue |
|
|
Term
| which nerve is the afferent limb of the gag reflex? |
|
Definition
| 9th CN (glossopharyngeal) |
|
|
Term
| which 2 nerves carry sensory info about BP to the brain? |
|
Definition
9- glossopharyngeal
10- vagus |
|
|
Term
| The glossopharyngeal nerve (9th) passes through the skull through which opening? |
|
Definition
| jugular foramen between the occipital and temporal bones |
|
|
Term
| where does the tympanic branch arise? |
|
Definition
| at the jugular foramen where it re-enters the skull |
|
|
Term
| what does the tympanic branch serve? |
|
Definition
sensory gibers of the middle ear
preganglionic parasympathetic fibers for the parotid gland |
|
|
Term
| after exiting the foramen ovale, the parasympathetic fibers of the 9th CN are known as what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| preganglionic fibers from which CN terminate in the otic ganglion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the otic ganglion located? |
|
Definition
| near the mandibular nerve of the 5th CN just inferior to the foramen ovale |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is the 10th CN afferent or efferent? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the efferent roll of the 10th CN |
|
Definition
muscles of soft palate
pharynx
larynx
parasympathetic fibers for:
thorax
abdomen
thymus
heart
stomach |
|
|
Term
| what is the afferent component of the 10th CN? |
|
Definition
skin around ear
taste for the epiglottis |
|
|
Term
| what 3 CNs carry taste information? |
|
Definition
facial (7)
glossopharyngeal (9)
vagus (10) |
|
|
Term
| what is the longest cranial nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the vagus nerve pass through the skull? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is the 11th CN (accessory) an afferent or efferent nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the 11th CN (accessory) nerve serve? (4) |
|
Definition
trapezius
Sternocleidomastoid
muscles of soft palate
muscles of pharynx |
|
|
Term
| how many roots does the 11th CN (accessory) have? |
|
Definition
| 2 (one from the brain and one from the spinal cord) |
|
|
Term
| where does the accessory nerve (11) exit the skull? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is the 12th CN (hypoglossal) an afferent or efferent nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the hypoglossal nerve exit the skull? |
|
Definition
| hypoglossal canal in the occipital bone |
|
|
Term
| what does the hypoglossal (2th CN) nerve innervate? |
|
Definition
| intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles |
|
|
Term
| which 4 cranial nerves have both an afferent and efferent component? |
|
Definition
trigeminal (5)
facial (7)
glossopharyngeal (9)
vagus (10) |
|
|
Term
| what are the two nerves that serve the oral cavity and structures? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the most important nerve for dental professionals? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| each trigeminal nerve is composed of what individual parts? |
|
Definition
| short trunk made of 2 roots (motor and sensory) |
|
|
Term
| the sensory root of the trigeminal nerve arises from which three nerves/divisions? |
|
Definition
ophthalmic
maxillary
mandibular |
|
|
Term
| Where is the trigeminal ganglion located? |
|
Definition
| depression on the petrous apex within a dural fold known as the Meckel cave |
|
|
Term
| Where does the sensory root of the trigem connect once it passes posteriorly through the ganglion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what contributes sympathetic fibers to the trigem ganglion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an area of cutaneous distribution |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is the ophthalmic nerve afferent or efferent? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the ophthalmic nerve enter the skull? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the symbol for the ophthalmic nerve>? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is the maxillary nerve afferent or efferent? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the maxillary nerve enter the skull? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the symbol for the maxillary nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is the mandibular nerve afferent or efferent? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the symbol for the mandibular nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the mandibular nerve exit the skull? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the pneumonic for the trigeminal nerve foramena? |
|
Definition
SRO (standing room only)
S-superior orbital fissure (V1)
R- rotundum (V2)
O- ovale (V3) |
|
|
Term
| The ophthalmic nerve provides sensation for what areas? |
|
Definition
| upper face and scalp (nose and above) |
|
|
Term
| what nerve provides sensation for the middle of the face? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what nerve provides sensation for the lower portion of the face? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 3 nerves give rise to the ophthalmic nerve |
|
Definition
frontal
lacrimal
nasociliary |
|
|
Term
| chickenpox (varicella) is caused by an infection with which virus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is another term for shingles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what division of the trigeminal nerve is most commonly affected by shingles outbreaks? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| shingles is more common in patients with which condition? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are some possible side effects/complications of shingles? |
|
Definition
| blindness or skin neuralgia (painful area) |
|
|
Term
| how is shinges and herpes treated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is the sensory root of the trigeminal nerve superior or inferior to the motor root? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| as it leaves the trigeminal ganglion, what structure does the maxillary division of the trigem pass through? |
|
Definition
| dura of the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus |
|
|
Term
| the maxillary nerve is formed by a convergence of nerves at what area of the skull? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the largest contributing nerve to the maxillary trunk? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what are the divisions of the maxillary nerve
(7) |
|
Definition
zygomatic
anterior, middle, posterior superior alveolar
greater and lesser palatine
nasopalatine |
|
|
Term
| the maxillary nerve provides sensory information for what structures? (6) |
|
Definition
maxillae and overlying skin
maxillary sinuses
nasal cavity
palate
nasopharynx
dura mater |
|
|
Term
| what ganglion is seen inferior to the maxillary nerve in the pterygopalatine fossa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which two nerves merge to form the zygomatic nerve? Where does the merger happen? |
|
Definition
zygomaticofacial
zygomaticotemporal
merge in the orbit |
|
|
Term
| what tissue does the zygomaticofacial nerve serve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the zygomaticofacial nerve pass through bone to enter the lateral wall of the orbit? |
|
Definition
| enters frontal process of the zygomatic bone through the zygomaticofacial foramen |
|
|
Term
| What tissue does the zygomaticotemporal nerve serve? |
|
Definition
| skin of the temporal region |
|
|
Term
| what foramen does the zygomaticotemporal nerve pass through? |
|
Definition
| zygomaticotemporal foramen on the temporal surface of the zygomatic bone |
|
|
Term
| what are the cutaneous branches of the infraorbital? (4) |
|
Definition
upper lip
medial cheek
lower eyelid
side of nose |
|
|
Term
| what 4 structures exit the inferior orbital fissure |
|
Definition
infraorbital nerve
zygomatic nerve
infraorbital artery
inferior ophthalmic vein |
|
|
Term
| what is the pathway from the inferior orbital fissure to the outside of the face? |
|
Definition
inferior orbital fissure
infraorbital sulcus
infraorbital canal
infraorbital foramen |
|
|
Term
| where is the infraorbital foramen located |
|
Definition
| 2 cm inferior to the middle inferior margin of the orbit inferior to the supraorbital notch |
|
|
Term
| An Infraorbital block anesthetizes which nerves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what tissues does the ASA (anterior superior alveolar) nerve serve? |
|
Definition
maxillary incisors and canine
facial tissue |
|
|
Term
| which of the superior alveolar nerves is missing in some patients |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is overlap in terminal nerve fibers from the contralateral side of the dental arch called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| crossover innervation is commonly seen in which nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the landmark for the ASA block? |
|
Definition
| dental plexus located in the lateral fossa |
|
|
Term
| what 3 blocks can anesthetize the ASA nerve |
|
Definition
ASA block
IO block
anterior middle superior alveolar |
|
|
Term
| what tissues does the MSA nerve serve? |
|
Definition
maxillary premolars
MB root of max 1st molar
buccal gingiva and periodontium |
|
|
Term
| what 2 blocks can be used to anesthetize the maxillary molars? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the PSA nerve joins the IO nerve in what part of the skull? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what tissue does the PSA nerve serve? |
|
Definition
-2nd and 3rd maxillary molars and the buccal gingiva
-maxillary sinus |
|
|
Term
| what is the landmark for the PSA injection? |
|
Definition
| PSA foramina on the maxillary tuberosity |
|
|
Term
| what is another name for the greater palatine nerve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the greater palatine nerve located |
|
Definition
| between mucoperiosteum and bone of posterior hard palate |
|
|
Term
| what formina (and bone) is associated with the GP nerve? |
|
Definition
| greater palatine foramen in the horizontal plate of the palatine bone |
|
|
Term
| what canal does the GP nerve travel through before exiting the greater palatine foramen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the greater palatine foramen located |
|
Definition
| near the max 2nd and 3rd molars |
|
|
Term
| what tissues does the lesser palatine nerve serve? |
|
Definition
soft palate
palatine tonsils |
|
|
Term
| where do the greater and lesser Palatine nerves join? |
|
Definition
| in the pterygopalatine canal |
|
|
Term
| where does the lesser palatine nerve enter bone? |
|
Definition
lesser palatine foramen
(near junction of palatine and sphenoid bone) |
|
|
Term
| what nerves join the palatine nerves as they move through the pterygopalatine canal to join the maxillary nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what tissues do the lateral nasal branches serve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What tissue does the GP nerve serve? |
|
Definition
| posterior hard palate and posterior lingual gingiva |
|
|
Term
| where do the GP and nasopalatine nerves communicate? |
|
Definition
| lingual to the max canines |
|
|
Term
| what tissue does the nasopalatine nerve serve? |
|
Definition
anterior hard palate lingual to the max anteriors
nasal septal tissue |
|
|
Term
| what is the landmark for the nasopalatine block? |
|
Definition
| incisive papilla --> incisive foramen--> incisive canal |
|
|
Term
| After the NP nerve travels through the incisive canal, where does it travel? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the two trunks of the mandibular nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which of the mandibular nerve trunks is larger? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| after the mandibular nerve passes through the foramen ovale, which fossa does it travel through? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the only branch of the trigeminal with motor nerves? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the largest branch of the trigeminal nerve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what branches arise from the mandibular nerve before it splits into the anterior and posterior trunk? |
|
Definition
meningeal branches (dura mater)
muscular branches for
medial pterygoid
tensor tympani
tensor veli palatini |
|
|
Term
| what branches merge to form the anterior trunk of the mandibular nerve (5) |
|
Definition
buccal nerve
deep temporal nerves
posterior temporal nerve
masseteric nerve
lateral pterygoid nerve |
|
|
Term
| Is the anterior trunk of the mandibular nerve afferent or efferent |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what tissue does the buccal branch of the mandibular nerve serve |
|
Definition
| mandibular buccal gingiva and buccal mucosa (sensory) |
|
|
Term
| the buccal branch of V3 travels deep to which muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which muscles does the buccal nerve pass between before joining the anterior trunk of V3 |
|
Definition
| heads of the lateral pterygoids |
|
|
Term
| what is the landmark for the buccal block? |
|
Definition
| level of the occlusal plane of the distal most mandibular molar where the nerve crosses the anterior border of the ramus |
|
|
Term
| which nerve innervates the motor component of the buccinator muscle? |
|
Definition
| buccal nerve of the facial CN |
|
|
Term
| how many deep temporal nerves are there usually? |
|
Definition
| 2 (anterior and posterior) |
|
|
Term
| what do the deep temporal nerves innervate |
|
Definition
| deep surface of the temporalis |
|
|
Term
| the masseteric nerve travels through what structure to innervate the masseter muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which nerve has a small sensory portion that serves the TMJ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what muscle does the lateral pterygoid nerve serve? |
|
Definition
| lateral pterygoid muscles (both heads) |
|
|
Term
| the posterior temporal nerve may arise in common with what nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the anterior temporal nerve may arise in common with what nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which nerves pass between the sphenoid bone and the superior border of the lateral pterygoid muscle? (2) |
|
Definition
deep temporal nerves
masseteric |
|
|
Term
| what 3 nerves merge to form the posterior trunk of the mandibular nerve |
|
Definition
auriculotemporal
lingual
inferior alveolar |
|
|
Term
| is the posterior trunk of the mandibular nerve afferent or efferent? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what tissue does the auriculotemporal nerve serve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is the auriculotemporal an afferent of efferent nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what structures does the auriculotemporal nerve travel with? |
|
Definition
| superficial temporal artery and vein |
|
|
Term
| the auriculotemporal nerve can be accidentally anesthetized during which two blocks? |
|
Definition
Gow gates
inferior alveolar |
|
|
Term
| parasympathetic nerve fibers for he parotid gland originate from the lesser petrosal branch of the glossopharyngeal (9th) CN and join with what nerve after relaying in the otic ganglion? |
|
Definition
| auriculotemporal nerve of V3 (mandibular) |
|
|
Term
| afferent branches of the lingual nerve travel along which surface of the tongue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the lingual nerve travels inferiorly to which gland? |
|
Definition
| submandibular salivary gland |
|
|
Term
| the lingual nerve communicates with what ganglion, superior to the deep lobe of the submandibular gland? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what parasympathetic nerve travels with the lingual nerve to innervate the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is the chorda tympani an afferent or efferent innervation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the lingual nerve ascends between the medial pterygoid muscle and the mandible and runs anterior slightly medial to what structure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what tissue does the lingual nerve serve? |
|
Definition
body of the tongue
floor of the mouth
lingual gingiva of mandibular teeth |
|
|
Term
| is the lingual nerve an afferent or efferent nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what nerve is in danger during extraction of permanent 3rd molars? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what two nerves merge to form the inferior alveolar nerve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is the IA an afferent or efferent nerve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the IA nerve travels through what bony structure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what branches join the IA nerve while in the mandibular canal? |
|
Definition
| interdental and interradicular branches from the posterior teeth |
|
|
Term
| where does the IA nerve exit the posterior portion of the mandibular canal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what nerve joins the IA nerve after it exits the mandibular foramen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if there is a bifid IA nerve, what evidence can be seen radiographically? |
|
Definition
| double mandibular canal or foramen |
|
|
Term
| the mandibular foramen is located within which space? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the landmark for the inferior alveolar block |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the pterygomandibular space is located between which two structure? |
|
Definition
medial surface of ramus
medial pterygoid muscle |
|
|
Term
| what tissues does the IA nerve serve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are 4 landmarks for the IA block? |
|
Definition
mandibular foramen
medial pterygoid muscle
sphenomandibular ligament
ramus of the mandible |
|
|
Term
| where is the mental foramen usually located? |
|
Definition
| between the apices of the 1st and second mandibular premolars |
|
|
Term
| the mental nerve serves which tissues? |
|
Definition
chin
lower lip
labial mucosa
mandibular premolars
anterior teeth |
|
|
Term
| is the mental nerve afferent or efferent |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which two injections have the mental foramen as their target site? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the incisive nerve serves which tissues |
|
Definition
| mandibular premolars and anterior teeth |
|
|
Term
| is the incisive nerve afferent or efferent? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where do the mental and incisive nerves merge? |
|
Definition
| posterior to the mental foramen |
|
|
Term
| crossover innervation can be seen in which mandibular nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what nerve pierces the sphenomandibular ligament? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the mylohyoid nerve runs along what structure until it hits the inferior surface of the mylohyoid muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what tissues does the mylohyoid serve? |
|
Definition
mylohyoid muscle
anterior belly of digastric |
|
|
Term
| Is the mylohyoid afferent or efferent |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the IA block fails, the mandibular first molar may be innervated by what nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how would you anesthetize the mylohyoid nerve for a failed IA block? |
|
Definition
| supraperiosteal injection at the apex of the mesial root of the mandibular 1st molar (medial surface of mandible) |
|
|
Term
| which nerve is known as the migraine nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| many sinus headaches are actually what condition? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are a few migraine triggers? |
|
Definition
too little sleep
stress
meal skipping
fluorescent lights
air pollution
strong odors
birth control pills
menopause
food additives |
|
|
Term
| what is another name for trigeminal neuralgia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what branches are impacted for trigeminal neuralgia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is 2 proposed causes of trigeminal neuralgia |
|
Definition
pressure on the sensory root of trigeminal ganglion by local blood vessels or
multiple sclerosis |
|
|
Term
| who is trigeminal neuralgia most common in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the common areas impacted for trigeminal neuralgia? |
|
Definition
| area around eyes and ala of the nose on the R side |
|
|
Term
| what triggers the sharp pain for trigeminal neuralgia and how long does it last? |
|
Definition
light touch- shaving, face washing, chewing
few seconds to 1-2 minutes |
|
|
Term
| the triggering of pain felt in trigeminal neuralgia results in what muscular response |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how is trigeminal neuralgia usually treated? |
|
Definition
anticonvulsants
tricyclic antidepressants
surgery |
|
|
Term
| do opioids help with trigeminal neuralgia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are some complementary techniques that are used to treat trigeminal neuralgia combined with medications? (5) |
|
Definition
acupuncture
biofeedback
vitamin therapy
nutrition therapy
electrical stimulation of nerves |
|
|
Term
| within the internal acoustic meatus, the facial nerve gives off what 3 branches? |
|
Definition
muscle of the middle ear
greater petrosal
chorda tympani |
|
|
Term
| what 2 branches of the facial nerve arise after it exits the stylomastoid foramen |
|
Definition
posterior auricular nerve
branch for posterior belly of the digastric and stylohyoid |
|
|
Term
| what nerve passes through the parotid salivary gland but doesn't innervate it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is the facial nerve (7th CN) afferent or efferent? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what innervates the lacrimal gland by way of the pterygopalatine ganglion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what tissues does the greater petrosal nerve serve? |
|
Definition
lacrimal gland
nasal cavity
minor salivary glands of hard/soft palate
taste sensation of palate (afferent) |
|
|
Term
| which nerve crosses the medial surface of the tympanic membrane? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the chorda tympani exits the skull adjacent to what structure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the chorda tympani travels in the same nerve bundle as what nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the submandibular ganglion is located where? |
|
Definition
| superior to deep lobe of the submandibular salivary gland |
|
|
Term
| the submandibular ganglion communicates with what nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is the chorda tympani afferent or efferent? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the afferent and efferent portions of the chorda tympani |
|
Definition
efferent- parasympathetic innervation for sublingual and submandibular glands
afferent- taste sensation for body of tongue |
|
|
Term
| what are the 5 branches of the 7th CN that control facial expression? |
|
Definition
temporal
zygomatic
buccal
mandibular
cervical |
|
|
Term
| are the nerves for facial expression always 5 individual branches? |
|
Definition
| no, this varies between people |
|
|
Term
| What tissues does the temporal branch of the 7th CN supply? (4) |
|
Definition
muscles anterior to ear
frontal belly of epicranial
superior part of orbicularis oculi
corrugator supercilii |
|
|
Term
| what tissues does the zygomatic branch of the 7th CN supply? (3) |
|
Definition
inferior orbicularis oculi
zygomatic major and minor |
|
|
Term
| what tissues does the buccal branch of the 7th CN supply? (5) |
|
Definition
upper lip
nose
buccinator
risorius
orbicularis oris |
|
|
Term
| what tissue does the mandibular branch of the 7th CN supply? (2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what tissue does the cervical branch of the 7th CN supply (1) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the loss of muscular action of the muscles of facial expression |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are two causes of facial paralysis |
|
Definition
stroke
direct injury of 7th CN |
|
|
Term
| if the patient has a stroke on the L side of the brain, what side of the face shows signs/ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| stroke on the R side of the brain (hemiplegia)causes what issue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| stroke no the L side of the brain causes what issue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is unilateral facial paralysis with no known cause where there is a loss of excitability of the involved facial nerve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how long does it take for peak symptoms to develop in Bell palsy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how long does it take for Bell palsy symptoms to subside? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a proposed cause of Bells palsy |
|
Definition
| inflammation of the facial nerve within the temporal bone due to viral infection (herpes simplex) |
|
|
Term
| what scale is used to describe the severity of facial paralysis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which cranial nerve provides crossover innervation to the contralateral side of the skull before continuing to the brain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which CN caries taste sensation for the base of the tongue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the posterior part of the digastric muscle is innervated by what nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what CN is involved if a patient sticks out their tongue and there is deviation to the right side? |
|
Definition
|
|
