Shared Flashcard Set

Details

113
Infection Control and Hospital Safety
68
Medical
Professional
02/18/2012

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Cards

Term
What is the term used to describe an infection that was acquired in a hospital setting?
Definition
Nosocomial Infection
Term
In today's hospital setting in the United States, what is the percentage of staphylococcus aureus infections are resistant to antibiotics?
Definition
60%
Term
What does "MRSA" stand for?
Definition
methycillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus
Term
MRSA infects nearly __________ annually in the USA, and kills more than __________.
Definition
95,000 ; 18,500
Term
What is the percentage of MRSA infections that are linked to health care facilities?
Definition
85%
Term
How many lines are in the ICU each year? After 10 days, what percentage get infected? Of that percentage, what percentage are fatal? What percentage lead to serious complications?
Definition
5 million

4% (80,000) of lines get infected

5-28% are fatal

About 1/2 lead to serious complications
Term
What is the best defense controlling the spread of infection?
Definition
Handwashing
Term
When should you wash your hands?
Definition
1. When arriving to work
2. Before and after each patient contact (sometimes during)
3. Before and after wearing gloves
4. Before feeding a patient
5. After eating
6. After blowing nose, touching hair and face
7. After using the restroom
8. After cleanup
9. After smoking
10. When ever hands are visibly soiled
Term
What is the recommended procedure to handwashing?
Definition
Using luke-warm water, wash hands up to 3 inches above wrist for 15-20 seconds using pleanty of soap and friction.
Term
What does "PPE" stand for?
Definition
Personal Protective Equipment
Term
Give 5 examples of the type of PPE you will see in the hospital setting?
Definition
1. Gloves
2. Mask/respirator
3. Gown/apron
4. Googles
5. Faceshield
Term
What is the term used to describe any item that can cut or puncture your skin?
Definition
Sharps
Term
What is the proper procedure to dispose of needles?
Definition
Be conscientious of where the tip is at all times. Never recap used needles. Dispose directly into a designated sharps container.
Term
Define "Standard Precautions"
Definition
Standard precautions are a set of infection control practices used to prevent transmission of diseases that can be acquired by contact with blood, body fluids, non-intact skin (including rashes), secretions, excretions (except sweat), and mucous membranes. These measures are to be used when providing care to all individuals, whether or not they appear infectious or symptomatic.
Term
Name 9 substances that can transmit disease
Definition
1. Blood
2. Urine
3. Feces
4. Semen
5. Vaginal secretions
6. Breast milk
7. Saliva
8. Spinal fluid
9. Joint fluid
Term
When should you wear gloves?
Definition
When it can be reasonalbly anticipated that contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials. (Side note: Just wear them anytime you are with a patient!)
Term
According to the CDC, what is the preferred sequence when donning PPE?
Definition
1. Gown
2. Mask or respirator
3. Goggles or faceshield
4. Gloves
Term
According to the CDC, what is the preferred sequence to safely remove PPE?
Definition
1. Gloves
2. Faceshiel or goggles
3. Gown
4. Mask or respirator
Term
What are the elements of respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette?
Definition
Covering the nose and mouth with a tissue when coughing or sneezing or use the crook of the elbow to contain repiratory droplets. Disposing of contaminated tissue appropriately and performing immediate hand hygiene.
Term
What are some extra measures that can be taken to help contain respiratory secretions?
Definition
Provide a surgical mask for patients and space seating in the waiting room.
Term
What does "VRE" stand for?
Definition
Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus
Term
What does "MDR TB" stand for?
Definition
multi-drug resistant tuberculosis
Term
Name 4 blood-borne pathogens
Definition
1. HIV
2. AIDS
3. Hepatitis B
4. Hepatitis C
Term
What does "HIV" stand for?
Definition
Human immunodeficiency virus
Term
What does "AIDS" stand for?
Definition
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Term
Is there a vaccine for Hepatitis B?
Definition
Yes
Term
Is there a vaccine for Hepatitis C?
Definition
No
Term
What are the means of transmission? Remember DAVID
Definition
1. Direct (person to person)
2. Airborne
3. Vector (host to host, ie ticks or mosquitos)
4. Indirect (person to object to person)
5. Droplets
Term
Name 4 bodily fluids in which HIV can be transmitted?
Definition
1. Blood
2. Semen
3. Vaginal secretions
4. Breast milk
Term
What are the 3 most common ways HIV/AIDS is transmitted?
Definition
1. Sexual contact
2. IV drug use needle sharing
3. Pregnancy/childbirth (can be prevented)
Term
How many Healthcare workers a year get stuck by needles?
Definition
~800,000
Term
Which is easier to transmit and why? HIV or Hepatitis B?
Definition
Hepatitis B because it is 100 times more concentrated in the blood.
Term
What type of infection is Hepatitis?
Definition
A viral
Term
What does "C. diff" stand for?
Definition
Clostriduim difficle
Term
What is C. diff?
Definition
Intestinal bacterium, usually in the elderly. Releases toxins causing flu-like symptoms and severe diarhhea. Healthcare providers must utilize full-contact precautions.
Term
Flu or Cold symptom?

Starts gradually
Definition
Cold
Term
Flu or Cold symptom?

Slight temperature after 24 hours
Definition
Cold
Term
Flu or Cold symptom?

Normal appetite
Definition
Cold
Term
Flu or Cold symptom?

Slight headache
Definition
Cold
Term
Flu or Cold symptom?

Stuffy nose
Definition
Cold
Term
Flu or Cold symptom?

Sore throat
Definition
Cold
Term
Flu or Cold symptom?

Tired
Definition
Cold
Term
Flu or Cold symptom?

Starts rapidly
Definition
Flu
Term
Flu or Cold symptom?

Increase in temperature within 24 hours
Definition
Flu
Term
Flu or Cold symptom?

Loss of appetite
Definition
Flu
Term
Flu or Cold symptom?

Severe headache
Definition
Flu
Term
Flu or Cold symptom?

Muscular ache and pains
Definition
Flu
Term
Flu or Cold symptom?

Nausea and vomiting
Definition
Flu
Term
Flu or Cold symptom?

Exhausted
Definition
Flu
Term
What type of Antibiotics should you take for a flu or cold?
Definition
NONE! Flu and colds are viral infections; therefore antibiotics are not necessary.
Term
What does "Code Blue" signify and what should your response be?
Definition
Life-threatening event such as cardiac arrest. Stay out of the way unless you are on the Code Team.
Term
What is your responsibilty as a Healthcare worker when it comes to Code Blue?
Definition
Know where call buttons and/or code numbers.
Term
What does "Code Red" signify and what should your response be?
Definition
Fire; Remember RACE:
R-escue patients;get people out of harms way.
A-lert by pulling fire alarm, phoning operator.
C-lose doors and windows to C-ontain fire.
E-xtinguish if possible. When extinguishing, remember PASS:

P-ull pin.
A-im low at the base of fire.
S-queeze handle.
S-weep from side to side.
Term
What should you not do during a Code Red?
Definition
Don't use elevators or phones
Term
What should you do first when working with a patient?
Definition
Ensure you have the correct patient by checking name band and check chart to ensure you are performing the correct procedure.
Term
How should you be as a Healthcare Provider towards a patient?
Definition
Be friendly and courteous. Don't be overly familiar; it's best to be formal. Be calm and use low-voiced competence.
Term
What is a pathogen?
Definition
The first link in the chain of infection is the pathogen. A pathogen is anything that causes a disease. Pathogens include:



Bacterium A group of microscopic organisms that are capable of reproducing on their own, causing human disease by direct invasion of body tissues. Bacteria often produce toxins that poison the cells they have invaded. Numerous bacteria also live in harmony with the body and are necessary for human existence, such as bacteria that aid in digestion in the gut. Important bacterial diseases include "strep" tonsillitis, pneumonia, and meningitis. (example: bacterial meningitis or strep throat)

Virus A term for a group of microbes that are incapable of reproducing on their own, and must invade a host cell in order to use its genetic machinery for reproduction. Viruses are smaller than bacteria, and are responsible for the most common human diseases, the common cold and the "flu" (influenza). Viruses are also responsible for more serious diseases such as AIDS, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. (example: hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C)

Fungus (example: athlete’s foot)
Term
What is a line?
Definition
Anything that passes through the skin. (Tubing, Foley, bolt, catheter, ect)
Term
What do you do if you get stuck by a needle?
Definition
Immediately milk the wound as much as possible and wash hands using antibacterial soap vigerously for 3-5 minutes. Report the incident immediately to your supervisor.
Term
What are two components of Standard Precautions?
Definition
1. Universal Precautions

2. Body Substance Isolation
Term
Which important diseases transmitted by blood-to-blood?
Definition
HIV, Hepatitus, Malaria
Term
Name some ways people do NOT contract HIV/AIDS
Definition
Food, air, causual contact, kissing.
Unlikely, sweat, tears, vomit, feces, urine, mosquitoes or fleas
Term
How do you always leave the patient's bed when you're through?
Definition
Bed all the way down, brakes engaged, and rails up.
(Just so you guys know, it is not allowed to put all the rails up on a patient unless there is a doctor's order to do so. It is considered a restraint and that is a violation of patient's rights.)
Term
What is a Posey? What should you do when you are completed with your procedure?
Definition
A bed restraint. Inform the RN that you completed so they can tie the Posey down.
Term
What are some portals of entry for pathogens?
Definition
1. Sharps
2. Openings in skin (nonintact)
3. Mucous membranes (mouth, nose, eyes)
4. Surfaces
Term
What are the components of the Chain of Infection
Definition
1. Infectous Agents
2. Hosts
3. Portals of entry
4. Modes of transmission
5. Portals of exit
6. Resevoirs (Susceptible person)
Term
What are some methods of control in order to help break the Chain of Infection?
Definition
1. Kill the agent
2. Change the host/environment
3. Protect the portal of entrance
4. Remove means of transmission
5. Immunize susceptible person
Term
What should you do as a Healthcare Professional do if any PPE is compromised?
Definition
Replace it DUH!
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