Term
| What is the singular for bacteria |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the tough protective layer that encloses neary all bacteria? |
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Definition
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Term
| What technique is used to classify bacteria |
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Definition
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Term
| Are gram positive bacteria pink or purple? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many cell membranes do gram positive bacteria have? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which bacteria (+/-) are associated with periodontal health |
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Definition
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Term
| Are gram negative bacteria pink or purple? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many cell membranes do gram negative bacteria have? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which bacteria (+/-) are associated with periodontits |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of bacteria require oxygen to live? |
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Definition
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Term
| which type of bacteria cannot live in the presence of oxygen? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of bacteria can live with or without oxygen |
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Definition
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Term
| Do the majority of all bacteria living on earth live as attached or free floating? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some examples of biofilms? |
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Definition
fish tanks
slime that clogs the sink drain
slimy rocks in a stream |
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Term
| What are 5 medically significant biofilms? |
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Definition
medical and dental implants
contact lens cases
pacemakers
artificial joints
teeth |
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Term
| What percent of diseases are caused by biofilm |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 4 examples of diseases that may be biofilm induced |
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Definition
TB
cystic fibrosis
subacute bacterial endocarditis
periodontal disease |
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Term
| What are the 3 stages of a biofilm life cycle? |
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Definition
attachment
growth
detachment |
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Term
| what is the film secreted by bacteria during the growth phase of the life cycle? |
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Definition
| extracellular slime layer |
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Term
| What force causes bacteria within a biofilm to collide more frequently which increases the spread of genes and leads to constantly evolving biofilm qualities? |
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Definition
| Fluid forces of saliva/ GCF (gingival crevicular fluid) |
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Term
| What biofilm structure allows for nutrient and oxygen delivery to bacteria and removes waste products? |
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Definition
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Term
| What form of communication do biofilm bacteria use? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 5 phases of biofilm development? (4A and 4B) |
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Definition
1. Film Coating
2. Initial attachment to pellicle
3. new bacteria join in
4A. slime layer formation
4B. Microcolony formation
5. mature dental plaque biofilm |
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Term
| What is the film coating that forms during the 1st phase of biofilm development? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of the acquired pellicle? |
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Definition
| protect the enamel from acid |
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Term
| What trait of acquired pellicle helps facilitate bacterial adhesion to the tooth? |
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Definition
| changes the charge of the tooth |
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Term
| What are the hair like structures that enable bacteria to attach to the acquired pellicle? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do bacteria do during phase 3 of biofilm development? |
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Definition
| signal other free floating bacteria to join the biofilm |
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Term
| What stimulates bacteria to extreme the extracellular slime later? |
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Definition
| attachment to the tooth surface |
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Term
| What is occurring during microbiology formation of biofilm development? |
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Definition
| bacterial proliferation and growth away from tooth surface |
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Term
| What are periods when specific bacterial species or groups of species grow at rapidly accelerated rates? |
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Definition
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Term
| What phase of biofilm development is characterized by formation of a mushroom shaped micro colony that is attached to the tooth surface by a narrow base? |
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Definition
| phase 5- mature biofilm development |
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Term
| what protects biofilm bacteria from drugs and leukocytes |
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Definition
| extracellular slime layer |
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Term
| What bacteria in a biofilm do antibiotics work ok? |
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Definition
| external bacteria that are active and reproducing |
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Term
| When a course of antibiotics is finished, what bacteria reactivate? |
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Definition
| Deepest biofilm layers that were previously dormant |
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Term
| What is the different in protein production between attached and free floating bacteria? |
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Definition
| attached biofilm bacteria produce 100's of more proteins than free floating bacteria |
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Term
| What is the best form of biofilm control? |
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Definition
| physical disruption (brushing, flossing, instrumentation) |
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Term
| How many bacteria can be culture from a healthy sulcus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the composition of bacteria in healthy sulci? |
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Definition
GRAM + nonmotile
75% gram + facultative rods and cocci
most are nonmotile |
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Term
| How many bacteria can be cultured from a pocket with gingivitis? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the composition of bacteria in gingivitis sulci |
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Definition
equal Gram+ and Gram-
40% Gram- rods |
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Term
| How many bacteria can be culture from a tooth surface with periodontitis? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the composition of bacteria in periodontitis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 3 periodontal disease bacteria as identified by The World Workshop in Periodontology |
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Definition
Aa- aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Tf- Tannerella forsynthia
Pg- Porphyromonas gingivalis |
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Term
| Which bacteria is strongly associated with aggressive periodontitis and is capable of destroying gingival CT and bone? |
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Definition
| Aa- aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans |
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Term
| Which bacteria is the most significant risk factor that distinguishes people with periodontitis from those who are healthy? |
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Definition
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Term
| which bacteria is frequently found in aggressive forms of periodontitis and is usually seen at disease sites that are worsening (pockets or bone loss getting worse) |
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Definition
| Pg- porphyromonas Gingivalis |
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Term
| Which bacteria inhibits the migration of PMNs across the epithelial border? |
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Definition
| Pg- porphyromonas Gingivalis |
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Term
| What is the transfer of periodontal pathogens from the oral cavity of one person to another? |
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Definition
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Term
| Parents and children in the same family have been shown to have identical strains of which bacteria? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| are periodontal diseases communicable? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a disease that may be passed from one person to another by direct or indirect contact via substances or inanimate objects? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 zones of plaque biofilm |
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Definition
1. Tooth-attached plaque (tooth)
2. epithelial attached plaque (lining of periodontal pocket)
3. unattached plaque- free floating |
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Term
| Where is tooth attached plaque usually found? |
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Definition
| below gingival margin to the JE |
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Term
| Tooth attached plaque can be found in what hard tooth structure? |
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Definition
| dentinal tubules of the cementum |
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Term
| What type of bacteria are primarily found in tooth attached plaque? |
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Definition
| filamentous cocci and rods |
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Term
| Where is tissue attached biofilm usually found? What deeper structure can these bacteria move to? |
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Definition
| epithelium of the pocket wall--> can invade CT and be found on the surface of alveolar bone |
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Term
| What type of bacteria are primarily found in tissue attached bacteria? |
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Definition
| spirochetes and flagellated bacteria |
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Term
| which zone of biofilm attachment is the most damaging to periodontal tissues? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the primary cause of destruction seen in periodontitis? |
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Definition
| the body's immune response to plaque biofilm (inflammation) |
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Term
| What is the term for mechanisms that enable the bacteria to colonize and invade the tissues of the periodontium |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two types of virulence factors |
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Definition
the characteristics of bacteria themselves
products produced by the bacteria |
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Term
| What allows bacteria to actively penetrate the epithelium lining of the pocket wall and enter the gingiva connective tissue |
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Definition
| bacterial invasion factors |
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Term
| What structures are found on the bacterial cell membranes |
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Definition
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Term
| What are harmful proteins released from the bacterial cell |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the study of health and disease within a total population? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a factor that increases an individuals susceptibility to a disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the term for the number of all cases of a disease that are identified in a specific population at a given point in time? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the term for the number of NEW cases in a population that occur over a period of time? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is used to measure prevalence and incidence of disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 5 examples of indices used to measure periodontal disease prevalence? |
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Definition
CPITN (community & perio index of tx needs)
EIBI (Eastman interdental Bleeding index)
GBI (gingival bleeding index)
GI (gingival index)
PSR (perio screening and recording) |
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Term
| What is the prevalence of perio disease in individuals 45-80? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| T/F- There is a greater incidence of perio disease in people with lower levels of education? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Do males or females have a greater risk for perio disease? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What are 5 examples of variables associated with higher prevalence of perio disease? |
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Definition
gender (males)
education (lower)
socioeconomic status (lower)
age (older)
access to dental care |
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Term
| Identifying perio disease requires considering multiple factors. What are some clinic variables clinicians look for? |
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Definition
tissue color changes and swelling
bone loss
degree of bleeding
probing depths |
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Term
| What is the leading cause of tooth loss in adults over the age of 45? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the sequence of events that occur during the development of disease or abnormal conditions |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of periodontal disease? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is a reversible bacterial infection that is confined to the gingiva? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Bone loss usually begins occurring with probe readings of how many mm's? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is an irreversible infection of all parts of the periodontium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 components of the periodontium? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the clinical picture of oral health? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the histological picture of oral health? |
|
Definition
JE coronal to CEJ
supragingival fibers intact
alveolar bone intact
PDL intact |
|
|
Term
| How many days after plaque biofilm accumulates in the gingival sulcus can you begin to clinically observe gingivitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the clinical picture of gingivitis? |
|
Definition
red
swollen
bleeding likely |
|
|
Term
| What is the histological picture of gingivitis? |
|
Definition
JE at CEJ
supragingival fiber destruction
alveolar bone intact
PDL intact |
|
|
Term
| What is the clinical picture of periodontitis? |
|
Definition
pink or purplish
swollen or fibrotic
bleeding |
|
|
Term
| What is the histological picture of periodontitis? |
|
Definition
JE on cementum
supragingival fiber destruction
alveolar bone destruction
PDL destruction |
|
|
Term
| In health, where is the alveolar bone crest located in relation to the tooth anatomy? |
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Definition
| 2 mm apical (below) the CEJ |
|
|
Term
| what are the two patterns of bone loss seen in periodontitis? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which form of bone loss is more common? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which form of bone loss leaves a trenchlike area of missing bone along the root? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| horizontal bone loss is associated with which type of bony pocket? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| vertical bone loss is associated with which type of bony pocket? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is an area of tissue destruction called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a disease site with active apical migration of the JE? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is a disease site with a stable level of attachment at the JE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a deepened gingival sulcus resulting from inflammation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is it called when the JE detaches from the tooth resulting in increased probing depths but there is NO apical migration of the JE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another name for a gingival pocket? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of periodontal pockets? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a perio pocket called when the JE is coronal to the crest of the alveolar bone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a perio pocket called when the JE is located apical to the crest of the alveolar bone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an accurate current view regarding risk factors for periodontal disease |
|
Definition
| host response plays a critical role in the progression of periodontal disease |
|
|
Term
| A pathological deepening of a gingival sulcus is known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of bone resorption occurs in uneven oblique direction affecting only one tooth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which bacteria can be transmitted from one family member to another? |
|
Definition
S. mutans
Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans |
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