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| With increasing altitude, the concentration of gases in our atmosphere: |
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| The stream of charged particles given off by the Sun, which prevented the accumulation of hydrogen and helium during the formation of the terrestrial planets, is called: |
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| The shape of the Earth's magnetic field is approximately that of a |
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| By Mass, the four most abundant elements in the Earth are oxygen, silicon, magnesium, and |
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| The boundary between the crust and the mantle is marked by a seismic-velocity discontinuity called |
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| In the Heliocentric Model: |
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| The Earth orbits around the sun |
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| Strong evidence that the Universe is expanding comes from the fact that the light emitted from distant galaxies appears to be |
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| The Earth's magnetic field is generated by |
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| The flow of the liquid outer core |
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| Within the sea floor, the rate of heat flow is greatest |
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| The age of the oceanic crust ____________ with increasing distance from a mid-ocean ridge |
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| Almost all tectonic plate boundaries can be recognized by |
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| The presence of earthquake belts along them |
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| Sea-floor spreading is driven by volcanic activity |
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| The youngest sea floor occurs |
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| Marine magnetic anomaly belts (on oceanic basaltic crust) run parallel to |
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| Regions of the sea floor with present day positive magnetic anomalies were formed during times when the Earth's magnetic field: |
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| The silica tetrahedron that forms the backbone of all sillicate minerals is composed of silicon and what other element? |
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| The color of a mineral in powdered form is termed: |
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| Cleavage in minerals refers to: |
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| A tendency to break along planes of weakness |
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| Diamond and graphite are both polymorphs of pure carbon |
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| Two distinct minerals may have the same chemical formula |
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| The difference between lava and magma is that: |
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| Magma is found beneath the Earth's surface, whereas lava has reached the surface |
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| When magma crystallizes, _______________ are formed. |
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If a body of magma is subjected to fractional crystallization, the rock that forms initially out of the magma is expected to be:
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| More MAFIC than the Magma |
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| When rock is partially melted, the chemistry of the melt is |
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| A blob-like igneous rock body found beneath the surface of the Earth is called a: |
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| The geotherm is the rate of change of: |
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| Temperature with depth in Earth's interior |
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