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11,12,15 Chapters AP Gov
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46
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10th Grade
02/28/2017

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Term
Public Opinion
Definition
What the public thinks about a particular issue or set of iisues at any point in time.
Term
Public Opinion Polls
Definition
Interviews or surveys with samples of citizens that are used to estimate the feelings and beliefs of the entire population.
Term
Straw polls
Definition
Unscientific surveys used to gauge public opinion on a variety of issues and policies.
Term
Political Socialization
Definition
The process through which an individual acquires particular political orientations; the learning process by which people acquire their political beliefs and values.
Term
Political Ideology
Definition
The coherent set of values and beliefs about the purpose and scope of government helf by groups and individuals.
Term
Random Sampling
Definition
A method of poll selection that gives each person in a group the same chance of being selected.
Term
Stratified Sampling
Definition
A variation of random sampling census data are used to divide the country into four sampling regions. Sets of counties and standard metropolitan statistical areas are then randomly selected in proportion to the total national population.
Term
Push Polls
Definition
Polls taken for the purpose of providing information on an opponent that would lead respondents to vote against the candidate.
Term
Tracking Polls
Definition
Continuous surveys that enable a campaign to chart its daily rise or fall in support.
Term
Exit Polls
Definition
Polls conducted at selected polling places on election day.
Term
Sampling Error or margin of error
Definition
A measure of the accuracy of a public opinion poll.
Term
Political Party
Definition
A group of office holders, candidates, activists, and voteres who identify with a group label and seek to elect to public office individuals who run under that label.
Term
Governmental Party
Definition
The office holders and candidates who run under a political party's banner.
Term
Organizational party
Definition
The workers and activists who staff the party's formal organization.
Term
Party electorate
Definition
The voters who consider themselves allied or associated with the party.
Term
Machine
Definition
A party organization that recruits its members with tangible incentives and is characterized by a high degree of control over member activity.
Term
Direct Primary
Definition
The selection of party candidates through the ballots of qualified voters rather than at party nomination conventions.
Term
Civil service laws
Definition
These acts removed the staffing of the bureaucracy from political parties and created a professional bureaucracy filled through competition.
Term
Issue-oriented politics
Definition
Politics that focuses on specific issues rather than on party, candidate, or other loyalties.
Term
Ticket Split
Definition
To vote for candidates of different parties for various offices in the same election.
Term
Coalition
Definition
A group of interests or organizations that join forces for the purpose of electing public officials.
Term
National Party Platform
Definition
A statement of the general and specific philosophy and policy goals of a political party, usually promulgated at the national convention.
Term
National Convention
Definition
A party conclave held in the presidential election year for the purposes of nominating a presidential and vice presidnetial ticket and adopting a platform.
Term
Think Tank
Definition
Institutional collection of policy-oriented researchers and academics who are sources of policy ideas.
Term
Party Indentification
Definition
A citizen's personal affinity for a political party, usually expressed by his or her tendency to vote for the candidates of that party.
Term
Third-Partyism
Definition
The tendency of third parties to arise with some regularity in a nominally two-party system.
Term
Proportional Representation
Definition
A voting system that apportions legislative seats according to the percentage of the vote won by a particular political party.
Term
Yellow Journalism
Definition
A form of newspaper publishing in vogue in the late-nineteenth century that featured pictrues, comics, color, and sensationalized, oversimplified news coverage.
Term
Muckraking
Definition
A form of journalism, in vogue in the early twentieth century, concerned with reforming government and business conduct.
Term
Print Press
Definition
The traditional form of mass media, comprising newspapers, magazines, and journals.
Term
Electronic Media
Definition
The broadcast and cable media, including television, radio, and the Internet.
Term
Network
Definition
An association of broadcast stations that share programming through a financial arrangement.
Term
Affiliates
Definition
Local television stations that carry the programming of a national network.
Term
Wire Service
Definition
An electronic delivery of news gathered by the news service's correspondents and sent to all member news media organizations.
Term
Press Release
Definition
A document offering an official comment or position.
Term
Press Briefing
Definition
A relatively restricted session between a press secretary or aide and the press.
Term
Press conference
Definition
An unrestricted session between an elected official and the press.
Term
On Background
Definition
Information provided to a journalist that will not attributed to a named source
Term
Deep Background
Definition
Information Provided to a journalist that will not be attributed to any source.
Term
Off the Record
Definition
Information provided to a journalist that will not be released to the public.
Term
On the Record
Definition
Information provided to a journalist that can be released and attributed by name to the source.
Term
New York Times Co. v. Sullivan(1964)
Definition
The Supreme Court concluded that "actual malice" must be proved to support a finding of libel against a public figure.
Term
Media Effects
Definition
The influence of news sources on public opinion.
Term
Content Regulation
Definition
Government attempts to regulate the electronic media.
Term
Equal Time Rule
Definition
The rule that requires broadcast stations to sell air time equally to all candidates in a political campaign if the choose to sell it to any.
Term
Fairness Doctrine
Definition
Rule in effect from 1949 to 1985 requiring broadcasters to cover events adequately and to present contrasting views on important public issues.
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