Term
| Unilateral, severe periorbital headache with tearing and conjunctival symptoms |
|
Definition
Cluster Headache
[Look for HA with eye problems] |
|
|
Term
| Prophylactic treatment for migraine |
|
Definition
Antihypertensives (BBs or CCBs)
Antidepressants
Anticonvulsants
Dietary changes |
|
|
Term
| The MC pituitary tumor? Tx? |
|
Definition
Prolactinoma
Tx: DA Agonists - Bromocriptine |
|
|
Term
| A 55yo patient presents with acute "broken speech." What type of aphasia? What lobe and vascular distribution? |
|
Definition
-Broca's Aphasia (Expressive).
-Frontal Lobe lesion
-Left MCA distribution
[Broca = Can't speak from your Boca. Normal comprehension] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
MC: Trauma
2nd MC: Berry Aneurysm |
|
|
Term
| A crescent-shaped hyperdensity on CT that does not cross the midline |
|
Definition
| Subdural Hematoma--Bridging veins torn |
|
|
Term
A history significant for initial AMS with an intervening lucid interval.
-Dx?
-Most likely source?
-Tx? |
|
Definition
Dx: Epidural Hematoma
Source: Middle meningeal artery rupture
Tx: Neurosurgical evacuation (burr hole) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Elevated ICP
-RBCs
-Xanthrochromia (yellow CSF if RBCs lysed) |
|
|
Term
| Albuminocytologic dissociation |
|
Definition
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
-Increased CSF Protein without significant increase in cell count |
|
|
Term
Cold water is flushed into a patient's ear and the fast phase of the nystagmus is toward the opposite side.
Normal or pathologic? |
|
Definition
Normal
[COWS--Cold Opposite, Warm Same] |
|
|
Term
| The MCC primary sources of mets to the brain |
|
Definition
"Lots of Bad Stuff Kills Glia"
Lungs
Breast
Skin (Melanoma)
Kidneys (Renal Cell Carcinoma)
GI (Colorectal Cancer) |
|
|
Term
May be seen in children who are accused of inattention in class and confused with ADHD.
Dx?
Tx? |
|
Definition
Dx:Absence seizures
Tx: Ethosuximide (DOC). 2nd line: Valproic Acid |
|
|
Term
| The most frequent presentation of intracranial neoplasm |
|
Definition
-Headache
Primary neoplasms are much less common than brain mets |
|
|
Term
The MCC of seizures in:
-Children age 2-10?
-Young adults age 18-35? |
|
Definition
2-10:
-Infection
-Febrile seizure
-Trauma
-Idiopathic
18-35
-Trauma
-Alcohol withdrawal
-Brain tumor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1- IV BZD (Lorazepam or Diazepam)
2- Phenytoin or Fosphenytoin
If still unresolved:
3- Sedate (Propofol) and intubate
4- Phenobarbitol or Pentobarbitol |
|
|
Term
| Confusion, confabulation, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia |
|
Definition
Wernicke's encephalopathy
-Due to thiamine deficiency
[Always give glucose with thiamine to obtunded patients of unknown cause--glucose alone will use up thiamine worsening Wernicke's encephalopathy] |
|
|
Term
| What % lesion is an indication for carotid endarterectomy? |
|
Definition
| 70% if stenosis is symptomatic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
#1: Alzheimers
#2: Vascular / Multi-infarct |
|
|
Term
| A combined UMN and LMN disorder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rigidity and stiffness with unilateral resting tremor and masked facies |
|
Definition
Parkinson's disease
[Bradykinesia, Pill rolling tremor, shuffling/festinating gait, masked facies] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Levodopa/Carbidopa
-DA Agonists (Ropinrole, Pramipexole, Bromocriptine)
-Apomorphine (DA agonist for rescue Sx)
-Selegiline (MAO-B Inhibitor)
-COMT Inhibitors: Entacapone or Tolcapone (not for monotherapy)
-Amantadine
-Surgical Pallidotomy or Deep Brain stimulators |
|
|
Term
| Treatment for Guillain-Barre Syndrome |
|
Definition
IVIG or plasmaphoresis
Avoid Steroids |
|
|
Term
| Rigidity and stiffness that progress to choreiform movements accompanied by moodiness and altered behavior |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A 6yo girl presesnts witha port-wine stain in the V1 distribution as well as with mental retardation, seizures and ipsilateral leptomeningeal angioma.
Dx?
Tx? |
|
Definition
Dx: Sturge-Weber Syndrome
Tx: Treat symptomatically. Possible focal cerebral resection of the affected lobe |
|
|
Term
| Multiple cafe-au-lait spots on the skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hyperphagia, Hypersexuality, hyperorality, and hyperdocility |
|
Definition
| Kluver-Bucy Syndrome (Amygdala) |
|
|
Term
| May be administered to a symptomatic patient to diagnose myasthenia gravis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Vwertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus or ear fullness. May have nausea or vomiting.
Dx?
Tx? |
|
Definition
Dx: Meniere's Disaese
Tx:
-Low sodium diet
-Diuretics
-Anti-migraine meds |
|
|
Term
Fluctuating fatigable ptosis or double vision.
Bulbar symptoms (dyarthria or dysphagia)
Proximal muscle weakness.
Symptoms worsen as day progresses. Can fluctuate dramatically.
-Dx?
-Tx? |
|
Definition
Dx: Myasthenia Gravis
Tx: Pyridostigmine (Anti-AChE)
[Anti-ACh Receptor Antibody in NMJ. A/w Thymoma] |
|
|
Term
| Symptoms similar to Myasthenia Gravis, except weakness decreases with use. History of Small Cell Lung Cancer. |
|
Definition
Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome
[Anti-Presynaptic Ca2+ Channel Ab in NMJ. Paraneoplastic syndrome] |
|
|
Term
| EMG findings in MG vs LEMS? |
|
Definition
MG: Decremental response
LEMS: Incremental response |
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