Term
| 6 types of Organizational Culture |
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Definition
LOOSE/TIGHT
Professional/Perochial
process/results
Employee/Job
Open/Closed
Normative/pragmatic |
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Term
Organizational Culture
Definition |
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Definition
| collective programming of the mind that distinguishes the members of one organization from another and holds their national environments constant. Holistic, historically influenced, related to anthropological concepts, socially constructed, soft, and relatively stable. |
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Term
| Improving ability to listen |
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Definition
• Change Attitudes – remove 5 barriers to listening by:
o Understand the barriers
o Notice when they get in the way of your listening
o Make a conscious effort to avoid them
• Change Habits – must catch yourself in the act or ask others to inform you
• Change Techniques – Think with the speaker, try to make connections between ideas and speculate about feelings, motives and other matters. Make meaning out of the words you hear |
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Term
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Definition
| be managed and affect the way an organization communicates and operates |
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Term
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Definition
| collective programming of the mind that distinguishes the members of one group or category of people from another |
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Term
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Definition
a fixed notion about persons in a certain category, with no distinction made among individuals
o Hetero-stereotypes: about others
o Auto-stereotypes: about own group |
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Term
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Definition
| can judge only own society |
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Term
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Definition
| one’s own group is superior to another’s |
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Term
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Definition
| a premium on relationship building, face saving, harmony, and allow speaker more time to present material. In high context cultures a presenter opens by talking expansively about the audience and relies more on inductive reasoning to build a case. (Asian countries) |
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Term
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Definition
| place a premium on time, directness, and problem solving. Words that are spoken and written carry the majority of the meaning. (US, Germany) |
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Term
| • 5 main dimensions in which country cultures/national societies differ: |
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Definition
o Power distance – extent to which the less powerful members of organization and institutions accept and expect that power is distributed unequally (social classes)
o Uncertainty avoidance – extent to which a culture programs its members to feel either uncomfortable or comfortable in unstructured situations
o Individualism/collectivism – degree to which individuals are supposed to look after themselves or remain integrated into groups (shame to whole group, not just self)
o Masculinity/femininity – distribution of emotional roles between the genders
o Long-term versus short-term orientation – extent to which a culture programs its members to accept delayed gratification of their material, social and emotional needs |
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Term
INFLUENCE TACTICS
Rational Persuasion |
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Definition
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Term
INFLUENCE TACTICS
Inspirational appeal |
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Definition
| appeal to values and ideals |
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Term
INFLUENCE TACTICS
Consultation |
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Definition
| Target participates in deciding |
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Term
INFLUENCE TACTICS
Ingratiation |
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Definition
| Use of favors, compliments |
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Term
INFLUENCE TACTICS
Personal appeal |
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Definition
| Use of friendship or loyalty |
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Term
INFLUENCE TACTICS
Exchange tactics |
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Definition
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Term
INFLUENCE TACTICS
Apprising |
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Definition
| Explain benefits of performing |
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Term
INFLUENCE TACTICS
Pressure |
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Definition
| Coercive power benefits of performing |
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Term
INFLUENCE TACTICS
Coalition |
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Definition
| Enlist other people to help influence the target |
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Term
RESPONSE TO INFLUENCE TACTICS
Internalization |
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Definition
| Agree and become committed to request |
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Term
RESPONSE TO INFLUENCE TACTICS
Compliance |
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Definition
| Willing to do what the leader asks with ambivalence |
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Term
RESPONSE TO INFLUENCE TACTICS
Resistance |
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Definition
| Refusal to perform as requested; effort to avoid having to do it |
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Term
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Definition
Use of actual behavior that causes behavioral or attitudinal changes in others.
DIRECTIONAL - occurs downward; managers influence employees
RELATIVE - absolute power not as important as disparity between influencer and influence |
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Term
Contingency factors
Substitutability |
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Definition
| degree of alternatives in accessing resources |
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Term
Contingency factors
Discretion |
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Definition
| Degree of managers to make decision on their own |
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Term
Contingency factors
Centrality |
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Definition
| Importance of job and how many people depend on that person |
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Term
Contingency factors
Visability |
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Definition
| How aware others are of a leader's power and position |
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