Term
| What are three examples of how dental diseases are related to systemic health? |
|
Definition
1. Diabetes can cause oral infection due to poor circulation
2. Cancer therapy can effect saliva production (xerostima)
3. Autoimmune dieases (erythema multiforme) can cause lips to be cracked and bloody |
|
|
Term
| What are the boundaries of the Wellness scale (category on each side)? |
|
Definition
| State of health -----> state of death |
|
|
Term
| What 4 things impact the quality of life on a Wellness scale? |
|
Definition
1. injury
2. illness
3. conditions
4. disease |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 modalities of preventative care used to prevent disease? |
|
Definition
Therapeutic modality
diagnostic modality |
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of a therapeutic modality? |
|
Definition
self care
professional teeth cleaning
products for remineralization
sealants
microbial agents |
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of diagnostic modalities? |
|
Definition
clinical oral assessment (O'Leary)
plaque assessment
x-rays
risk assessments |
|
|
Term
| What are the three levels of preventative care? |
|
Definition
Primary preventative care
Secondary preventative care
Tertiary preventative care |
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of primary preventative care? |
|
Definition
professional oral assessment
community water fluoridation
patient plaque control and education |
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of secondary preventative care? |
|
Definition
| restorative care (fillings, crowns, bridges) |
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of tertiary preventative care? |
|
Definition
| reconstructive care (implants, surgical reconstruction) |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 categories of oral disease? |
|
Definition
1. dental caries and perio disease
2. acquired conditions (oral cancer, HIV, fungal infections)
3. cranio-facial disorders (hereditary or injury) |
|
|
Term
| what two conditions result from prolonged plaque biolfilm exposure? |
|
Definition
| dental caries and periodontitis |
|
|
Term
| What is the early stage of caries and periodontitis called? Can you see this? |
|
Definition
| In situ. microspcopic- cannot see |
|
|
Term
| in situ lesions progress to what form for dental caries? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in situ lesions progress to what form for periodontal disease? |
|
Definition
| inflammation (gingivitis) of tissue lining the sulcus |
|
|
Term
| what are 2 regimes for controlling caries and periodontitis? |
|
Definition
1. Mechanical regime (toothbrush, floss, supplemental aids)
2. Chemical regime (antimicrobial rinse, fluoride) |
|
|
Term
| Can you see incipient lesions? |
|
Definition
| yes. white spot on enamel which is subsurface demineralization |
|
|
Term
| What would you use to remineralize an incipient lesion? |
|
Definition
fluoride varnish or MI paste
sealants |
|
|
Term
| What is the complete progression of caries (3 stages) |
|
Definition
In situ
incipient lesion
overt caries |
|
|
Term
| What structure are incipient caries limited to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| white spots indicating demineralization in the IP areas are usually identified by what method? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you calculate an O'Leary score? |
|
Definition
| (number of plaque containing surfaces / 6* # teeth present) * 100 |
|
|
Term
| Do microorganisms in biofilm react the same as they would in other parts of the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What allows bacteria to attach to teeth? |
|
Definition
| layer of glycoproteins derived from saliva called the ACQUIRED PELLICLE |
|
|
Term
| What are the two most common plaque biofilm bacteria that attach directly to the acquired pellicle? |
|
Definition
streptococci
actinomycetes |
|
|
Term
| What two ions are found in saliva? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two conditions are associated with supragingival calculus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what two conditions are associated with subgingival calculus? |
|
Definition
| gingivitis and periodontal disease |
|
|
Term
| What does the O'Leary index measure? |
|
Definition
| the percentages of tooth surfaces with plaque |
|
|
Term
| What are 3 examples of abrasives? |
|
Definition
carbonates
phosphates
silicas |
|
|
Term
| What are the factors that influence abrasiveness? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do abrasives damage enamel? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the ideal harness of abrasives dentrifices? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 5 polishing agents in dentrifices? |
|
Definition
aluminum
calcium
tin
magnesium
zirconium |
|
|
Term
| what is the purpose of polishing agents in detrifices? |
|
Definition
| compensate for dulling effect of abrasives |
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of humectants in dentrifices? |
|
Definition
| maintain moisture and prevent hardening |
|
|
Term
| What are 4 examples of humectants? |
|
Definition
sorbitol
mannitol
glycerol
propylene glycol |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common foaming agent added to dentrifices? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 4 examples of binding agents? |
|
Definition
xanthan gum
synthetic cellose
agar-agar
algae |
|
|
Term
| What are two examples of flavoring agents in dentrifices? |
|
Definition
| synthetic or essential oils |
|
|
Term
| what are 3 sweeteners used in dentrifices |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a pro and con of using xylitol in chewing gum? |
|
Definition
| anti caries but can cause GI distress when ingested |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common therapeutic agent used in dentrifices? what specific form of this agent? |
|
Definition
| fluoride--> stannous fluoride |
|
|
Term
| What would you recommend as a dentrifice for individuals who have a lot of allergies to food and chemicals? |
|
Definition
| baking soda mixed with water |
|
|
Term
| Why would you NOT recommend mixing baking soda with hydrogen peroxide as a dentrifice? |
|
Definition
| hydrogen peroxide can burn tissues |
|
|
Term
| What 2 compound are missing from most natural dentrifices? |
|
Definition
| fluoride and sodium laurel sulfate |
|
|
Term
| What is a controversial antibacterial agent added to some toothpastes that inhibits plaque and provides anticalculus activity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What common toothpaste brand currently uses triclosan? |
|
Definition
| Colgate total and Colgate total advanced |
|
|
Term
| What compound is FDA approved to act as a desensitizing agent? How does it accomplish this? |
|
Definition
| Potassium nitrate closes dentinal tubules by precipitation |
|
|
Term
| What active ingredient is found in remineralizing pastes? |
|
Definition
| amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP)- from cows milk |
|
|
Term
| What are 2 examples of remineralizing pastes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Remineralizing paste (ACP) is contraindicated for what group of people? |
|
Definition
| people with milk allergies |
|
|
Term
| What should you do before you add remineralizing paste and how long should it be left on? |
|
Definition
clean teeth first
left on for 3 minutes |
|
|
Term
| What are two benefits of chewing gum? |
|
Definition
increased salivary production
mechanical removal of plaque and debris |
|
|
Term
| What is a sweetener added to chewing gum that has anticaries effects? How long is this effect active AFTER the gum is chewed? |
|
Definition
xylitol
2-3 weeks after chewing |
|
|
Term
| What is sweetener added to chewing gum that is less effective than xylitol in its anticaries activity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What percentage of halitosis originates in the oral cavity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mouthwash has no effect after how many hours? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 3 therapeutic effects of mouthrinses? |
|
Definition
reduction in plaque
reduction in gingivitis
reduction in dental caries |
|
|
Term
| What are common antibacterial components found in mouthrinses that reduce halitosis? (7) |
|
Definition
chlorahexidine gluconate
cetylpyridinium
Na chloride
triclosan (Europe only)
essential oils
phenolic compounds
alcohol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some causes of dry mouth? (3) |
|
Definition
Sjogren's syndrome
medications
damaged or blocked salivary glands |
|
|
Term
| Mouthrinses for xerostomia usually contain which ingredient due to their increased risk of caries? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are fluoride rinses more or less effective than fluoride toothpaste for anticaries effectiveness? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 basic profiles of toothbrushes? |
|
Definition
concave
convex
flat
multilevel |
|
|
Term
| What is the most effective toothbrush profile according to studies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is a plastic handle preferred for toothbrushes? |
|
Definition
| durable and resistant to water |
|
|
Term
| What material was the original toothbrush material made from? What is it made from now? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the process of heat treating nylon filaments to seal and round the edges? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 4 functions of toothbrushing? |
|
Definition
1. removal of biofilm and disturbance of reformation
2. removal of food debris and stain
3. stimulation of gingival tissue
4. application of toothpaste containing therapeutic agents |
|
|
Term
| What are 3 helpful uses of power brushes? |
|
Definition
1. helpful for parents brushing their kids teeth
2. helpful for people with disabilities & dexterity issues
3. helpful for people who need a larger toothbrush |
|
|
Term
| What is the general recommendation for how long to brush your teeth? |
|
Definition
| 5-10 strokes per area or 2 total minutes |
|
|
Term
| What is the general recommended frequency for tooth brushing? |
|
Definition
| twice a day and sometimes after meals |
|
|
Term
| Who may need to brush their teeth more than twice a day? |
|
Definition
| people with dentures, appliances, braces, etc. |
|
|
Term
| What forms do disclosing agents come in? What do we use in our clinic and what do we recommend for use at home? |
|
Definition
liquid (clinic)
tablets (home use) |
|
|
Term
| Can disclosing solution be swallowed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how often should you replace your toothbrush? |
|
Definition
| every 2-3 months or if bristles are splayed bent or broken |
|
|
Term
| What is the benefit of having your patient use 2-3 toothbrushes so that they can dry out between uses? |
|
Definition
| less bacteria retained on the brush because the cannot survive in dry environments |
|
|
Term
| Patients should throw out their toothbrushes after this even if it's a new brush |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What solution can be used to clean a toothbrush? |
|
Definition
| diluted hydrogen peroxide |
|
|
Term
| What does it mean to say that titanium is biocompatible? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the titanium portion of an implant that sticks out of the gums and has the fake tooth attached? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name for the fake tooth in an implant? |
|
Definition
| superstructure / prosthesis |
|
|
Term
| What is peri-implant gingivitis? Is it reversible? |
|
Definition
plaque induced inflammation of surrounding soft tissue
res, reversible |
|
|
Term
| Peri-implant gingivitis can lead to what irreversible condition? |
|
Definition
| peri-implantitis (loss of bone around the implant) |
|
|
Term
| Does peri-implantitis progress faster or slower than periodontitis in natural teeth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which toothbrushing method is characterized by a 45 degree angle into the sulcus with side to side motion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What patients would you recommend the bass method for? |
|
Definition
| good for all patients and perio patients |
|
|
Term
| What are the advantages of the bass method? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the disadvantages of the bass method? |
|
Definition
requires high dexterity
may scrub if overeager |
|
|
Term
| What toothbrushing method is characterized by a apical to coronal rotational stroke? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who is Rolling recommended for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the pros and cons of the Rolling method for toothbrushing |
|
Definition
+simple
-no sulcus activity |
|
|
Term
| Which toothbrushing method is characterized by a 45 degree angle apically over the gingiva and cervical area with a circular motion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the pros and cons of Stillman's? |
|
Definition
+gentle
-no sulcus activity |
|
|
Term
| When would you recommend Stillman's method? |
|
Definition
gingival massage
clean the gingiva AND teeth |
|
|
Term
| What toothbrush method is characterized by a 45 degree angle coronally toward the occlusal plane? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Charters is usually used for which patients? (2) |
|
Definition
| ortho and fixed partial dentures (bridge) |
|
|
Term
| What are the disadvantages of the charters method? (2) |
|
Definition
| no sulcus activity and requires high dexterity |
|
|
Term
| What toothbrush method is characterized by a circular motion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who is the Fones method usually recommended for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The scrub technique is a combination of which 3 other techniques? |
|
Definition
| vertical, horizontal, circular |
|
|
Term
| What 3 conditions occur more often in IP surfaces? |
|
Definition
gingivitis
periodontitis
caries |
|
|
Term
| Biolfilm regrowth occurs first in which areas? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of places patients will use IP supplemental aids? (11 total) |
|
Definition
1. proximal surfaces
2. hard to reach areas (D of last molar)
3. malaligned teeth
4. partially erupted teeth (children)
5. irregular tooth morphology
6. embrasure spaces
7. isolated teeth
8. furcations
9. ortho appliances
10. implants
11. fixed prosthetic appliances |
|
|
Term
| An oral self care plan should be individualized for each patient and should be generated with the use of comprehensive assessments such as? (4 examples) |
|
Definition
O'leary
bleeding index
risk assessment
EO/IE |
|
|
Term
| An embrasure space with papilla that completely fill the IP spaces would be what type? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An embrasure space with slight to moderate recession of papilla would be what type? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An embrasure space with complete loss of papilla would be what type? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| waxed and unwaxed floss is best suited for which embrasure type? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is wax or unwaxed floss better? |
|
Definition
| no difference. Personal preference |
|
|
Term
| yarn or tufted floss is recommended for which individuals? |
|
Definition
| large embrasures, implants, missing teeth |
|
|
Term
| What are the two methods of flossing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| floss holders are recommended for which patients? (5) |
|
Definition
physical disabilities
poor dexterity
large hands
gag reflex
limited opening abilities |
|
|
Term
| Floss holders are sometimes less effective than standard flossing because patients fail to do what? |
|
Definition
| make the "c" with floss to adapt to the tooth surface |
|
|
Term
| Interdental and IP brushes are recommended for which patients? (6) |
|
Definition
1. Type 2 and 3 embrasures
2. furcations and root concavities
3. ortho appliances
4. small diastimas
5. Fix bridges
6. dental implants |
|
|
Term
| Only brushes with nylon or plastic cores should be used around dental implant abutments to prevent what? |
|
Definition
| scratching of the titanium surface |
|
|
Term
| End tuft brushes are recommended for which patients? (5) |
|
Definition
1. class 3 embrasure
2. D of most posterior teeth
3. prox surfaces adjacent to missing teeth
4. lingual surfaces of anteriors
5. ortho |
|
|
Term
| what motion should you use with an end tuft brush? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Toothpicks should be inserted at what angle below the gingival margin? |
|
Definition
| less than a 45 degree angle |
|
|
Term
| You would only recommend a toothpick over a period or IP brush in which instance? |
|
Definition
| if the patient is already using them? |
|
|
Term
| What percentage of patients actually floss? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tissue damage in the form of vertical cuts in gingiva as the result of failure to adapt the floss to IP tooth structure (making a C) is known as what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Oral irrigation accomplishes which two purposes? |
|
Definition
1. removes biofilm on tooth surfaces
2. improves and prevents gingivitis |
|
|
Term
| Does oral irrigation have an impact on periodontitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| irrigation with which compound is beneficial for surgical pockets and period patients? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If a patient can't afford an oral irrigation device, what is a cheaper alternative? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the major site of malodor in health people? |
|
Definition
| back portion of the tongue |
|
|
Term
| What are some areas other than the tongue that can cause malodor? (8) |
|
Definition
perio disease
peri-implant disease
healing oral wounds
deep carious lesions
unclean dentures
GI disorders
systemic diseases
dry mouth due to medications |
|
|
Term
| What causes "morning breath" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a common condition in denture wearers that appears as patches or erythema usually on the palate and ridges? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the common cause (microbe) of denture stomatitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 3 common causes of denture stomatitis? |
|
Definition
poor OH
irritants/trauma
allergies, infections, systemic diseases |
|
|
Term
| What percentage of denture wearers with denture stomatitis also rest positive for candida? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| It is important to only use commercial creams, pastes, gels, and denture brushes for denture care because they are prone to what issue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are over the counter cleaners and bleach effective at killing candida on dentures? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to Harris, what is the only effective way to sterilize a denture? |
|
Definition
| immerse in sterile water and use microwave irradiation for 3 minutes (650 watts) |
|
|
Term
| most OTC cleaners are alkaline peroxide. Give 2 examples |
|
Definition
sodium bicarbonate
hydrogen peroxide |
|
|
Term
| How long should you soak a denture in an OTC cleaning solution? What temp should the water be? |
|
Definition
| hot water for 10-20 minutes |
|
|
Term
| Does OTC cleaning solution kill all bacteria? What is this called? |
|
Definition
| No. antibacterial (99% kill) |
|
|
Term
| Do OTC cleaning solutions remove calculus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dentures should soak for how many minutes in OTC alkaline hypochlorite? what should be done with the dentures after this soak? |
|
Definition
| 20 minutes and then rinse and soak in water |
|
|
Term
| What are 3 benefits of Alkaline hypochlorite? |
|
Definition
dissolves plaque biofilm
inhibits calculus formation
antibacterial and antifungal benefits |
|
|
Term
| In addition to bleach and water, what solution needs to be added in order to make a sodium hypochlorite soaking solution? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long should dentures be soaked in a home bleach solution? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| secondary prevention can also be termed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 3 areas at risk for bacterial accumulation |
|
Definition
occlusal fissures
gingival sulcus
surfaces apical to the contact point |
|
|
Term
| Initial plaque formation takes how many hours? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most dramatic change in bacterial numbers occurs during what timeframe? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Materia alba can be removed by what method? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Organisms that survive in deeper areas of plaque us what metabolic method? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are two examples of physiochemical interaction? |
|
Definition
electrostatic forces
hydrophobic bonding |
|
|
Term
| Primary bacterial colonizers are primarily what type? What is the next bacteria to appear? |
|
Definition
| cocci followed by gram negative |
|
|
Term
| how far does oxygen penetrate into dental plaque? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F- Toothbrush wear is influenced more by the brushing method than by length of time brushing or number of toothbrushing per day |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F- all incipient lesions progress to overt caries? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F- Both dental caries and periodontitis are the result of prolonged presence of plaque |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F- THe bass method is not acceptable for all patient |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F- The Bass method is effective at removing plaque at the gingival margin and directly below it |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The formation of a V shaped slit in the gingiva that extends apically from the gingival margin is known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is bacteria-induced inflammation or infection of the heart and its valves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When are floss holders not recommended? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What oral hygiene aid is used for gingival massage and recontouring of gingival papilla after periodontal surgery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| It is recommended to rinse with what after vomiting? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| unpleasant breath from the oral cavity is known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the best oral hygiene aid that helps reduce malodor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name for inflammation around the area of a dental implant that results in loss of alveolar bone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Use of bleach is not recommended for any denture or partial products that contain what material? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the optimal level of fluoride in water? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what regional factor determines the recommended concentration level for fluoridated water? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the first compound used in water fluoridation that is still used in smaller communities? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most frequently used water fluoridation compound today? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is it called when excessive fluoride is added to water? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the relationship of cost per person in large vs. small communities is known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F- fluoride affect the smell, color, taste, and turbidity of water? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What % did the Healthy People 2010 initiative set as the goal of people to served by community water fluoridation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F- risk communication is an important aspect of discussing fluoride use with patients |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the term for a solution in a gel like state that is not a true gel? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of APF fluoride is better tolerated by patients? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are three procedures for administering fluoride treatments? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long should patients avoid eating and drinking following an office fluoride treatment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long should teeth be exposed to fluoride gel for maximum antiquaries effect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When is fluoride (varnish) recommended for newly erupted teeth? |
|
Definition
| within 12 months after eruption |
|
|
Term
| What age group are fluoride varnishes highly recommended for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 2 common disadvantages of stannous fluoride? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F- Fluoride rinses have a place as a component of a preventative program |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F- Fluoride rinses can be used for patients with a high risk of caries |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can occur as the result of ingesting fluoride? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The fluoride most used by dental professionals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dental fluorosis has what impact on mineralization of teeth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Although people experiencing dental fluorosis suffered from hypomineralization, they also experienced what positive effect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In general, community water fluoridation reduces dental decay by what fraction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two effects of topical fluoride use? |
|
Definition
remineralization
reduces bacteria in plaque (antibacterial) |
|
|
Term
| What are three reasons water fluoridation is an ideal public health intervention? |
|
Definition
1. benefits people of all ages
2. easily delivered to all
3. cost effective |
|
|
Term
| As of 2010, what percentage of the US population was using community water fluoridation? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| T/F- water fluoridation has been cited by the CDC as one of the 10 greatest public health achievements of the 20th century |
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Definition
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Term
| You should seek another source of water if your fluoridation levels are above what value? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Fluoride supplements should be limited to what subset of the population? |
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Definition
| children at high risk for developing tooth decay |
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Term
| What are the three forms of fluoride used in water fluoridation? |
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Definition
sodium fluoride
sodium fluorosilicate
hydrofluorosilicic acid |
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Term
| What are the 3 ways fluoridation systems prevent excess fluoride in the water? |
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Definition
1. meter pumps
2. limiting amount of Fluoride in day tanks
3. controls feed fluoride from hoppers to distilling tanks |
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Term
| What was the first topical fluoride used? What is its primary byproduct? |
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Definition
Sodium Fluoride (NaF)
produces calcium fluoride |
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Term
| What was the second topical fluoride used? What is its primary byproduct? |
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Definition
Stannous fluoride
stannous fluorophosphate |
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Term
| What was the third topical fluoride used? What are the byproducts for this version? (2) |
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Definition
fluorhydroxyapetite
calcium fluoride |
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Term
| All three forms of topical fluoride result in formation of which compound? |
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Definition
| calcium fluoride on the enamel surface |
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Term
| Which is more important, the mechanism of action of applied fluoride or the number of treatments? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How long does fluoride provide benefit if applied to sound, mature tooth enamel? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two mechanisms of fluoride? |
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Definition
1. F bond to Carbon in enamel (CA fluoride)
2. bacteriostatic |
|
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Term
| What does it mean to be bacteriostatic? |
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Definition
| Doesn't kill all bacteria but kills and arrests some |
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Term
| What is the primary fluoride form and concentration found in varnish? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How long should varnish be applied and how many times a year can it be applied? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is more effective, fluoride varnish or gels? |
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Definition
| neither. They are the same |
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Term
| Who is fluoride varnish best for? |
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Definition
| children (less risk of swallowing) |
|
|
Term
| A combination of what two treatments demonstrates the best caries reduction results for children? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two primary fluoride forms found in gels and foams? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How long does fluoride gel/foam need to be applied and how many times a year can it be used? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the percentage of sodium fluoride when used in a gel form? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What percentage of stannous fluoride is used in dental offices? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Who would be best suited for use of stannous fluoride? |
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Definition
| patients with prosthetics (safe for composite and porcelain restorations due to neutral pH) |
|
|
Term
| Which form of fluoride is not stable in water and must be prepped right before use? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the percentage of APF used in offices? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| acidulated phosphate fluoride |
|
|
Term
| What forms does APF come in? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| A Thixotropic solution is best for what patient? |
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Definition
| patients with larger interproximal spaces |
|
|
Term
| What causes a thixotropic solution to go from a gel to a liquid? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is fluoride painting? |
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Definition
| isolating teeth and painting the tooth surfaces with fluoride (not used much today) |
|
|
Term
| before applying a fluoride treatment, what should be done to the teeth? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What fluoride treatment plan would you recommend for a patient with active caries? |
|
Definition
4 topical applications over 2-4 weeks
single application every 3, 6, or 12 months |
|
|
Term
| T/F- There is insufficient evidence to recommend giving adults with little evidence of existing or anticipated caries or at low risk of caries topical fluoride as a preventative measure |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| If the patient is unwilling to return for frequent fluoride treatments, what can be prescribed as an alternative? |
|
Definition
| OTC fluoride toothpastes and rinses |
|
|
Term
| All fluoride systems are effective but what version is suggested for prevention of root caries? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| which fluoride formation can cause staining due to the presence of tin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which patients would you recommend a fluoride rinse for? (7) |
|
Definition
1. xerostoma
2. ortho appliances
3. poor OH
4. extensive restorations with margins at high caries risk
5. patients who cannot tolerate gels or varnish
6. gingival recession with exposed root
7. active or rampant caries |
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|
Term
| What should you do if fluoride is accidently ingested? (5) |
|
Definition
1. immediate tx
2. induce vomiting
3. administer Ca, Maalox (aluminum), milk, or eggs to protect stomach linig
4. drink plenty of fluids (milk pref)
5. patient should be taken to ER |
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of systemic diseases that have been linked to periodontal disease? (5) |
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Definition
CV disease
respiratory disease
diabetes
cancer
premature and low birth weights |
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|
Term
| What is another term for secondary prevention? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of secondary prevention? (5) |
|
Definition
dental restorations
periodontal debridement
fluoride used on incipient caries
sealants on incipient caries
endodontics |
|
|
Term
| What process uses routine treatment methods to terminate a disease process or restore tissues to as near normal as possible? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What process uses measures necessary to replace lost tissues and rehab patients to as near normal as possible? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another term for tertiary prevention |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 3 examples of tertiary prevention? |
|
Definition
prosthodontics
implants
oromaxillofacial surgery |
|
|
Term
| What are the two most widespread of all human maladies?> |
|
Definition
| dental caries and periodontal disease |
|
|
Term
| What are the external cell surface proteins on bacteria that aid with attachment to the acquired pellicle? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what 3 things are produced as the result of microorganisms being exposed to sucrose? |
|
Definition
acid
intracellular polysaccharides
extracellular polysaccharides |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 crystals found in dental calculus |
|
Definition
hydroxyapatite
brushits
whitlockite |
|
|
Term
| What is the preferred bristle hardness for a manual toothbrush? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the toothbrushing method where the bristles are positioned directly on the occlusal surface? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 categories of mechanical toothbrushes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 main patterns of movement in modern power toothbrushes |
|
Definition
oscillation
reciprocation
rotation |
|
|
Term
| what is the range of brush movements per minute for power brushes? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 5 phases of care? (The process of care model) |
|
Definition
Assessment
diagnosis
planning
implementation
evaluation |
|
|
Term
| How often does IP plaque need to be removed to prevent dental caries? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the term for the floating tooth between a fixed bridge? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does irrigation improve periodontitis or JE attachment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another term for fluorosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the first city to fluoridate its water? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 6 degrees on Dean's Fluorosis index? |
|
Definition
1. Normal
2. Questionable- few white flecks/spots
3. Very mild- less than 25 % affected
4. Mild- 25-50% affected, paper white areas
5. Moderate- all surfaces affected with brown stain
6. Severe- all surfaces affected, brown stain, pitting |
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|
Term
| What 3 compounds are lost when acid demineralizes enamel? |
|
Definition
calcium
phosphate
carbonate |
|
|
Term
| What 3 compounds are incorporated into enamel during remineralization? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When should a topical fluoride application program be initiated for a child? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 5 reactions to fluoride toxicity? |
|
Definition
chemical burns
inhibition of enzyme system
binding of Ca needed for nerve activity
Hyperkalemia (excessive Phosphate in blood)
Cardiotoxicty
Nausea and vomiting |
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