Term
| What is the #1 cause of preventable death in the US? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many premature deaths are there annually from tobacco use? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What percentage of high school students smoke? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tobacco and alcohol account for what percentage of oral cancer in the US each year? |
|
Definition
| 70% (higher if including head and neck cancer) |
|
|
Term
| If smoking is stopped, will leukoplakia ever go away? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two substances are found in all tobacco products? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the primary carcinogen in tobacco products? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the term for an effect's relationship to increased frequency of use? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 4 clinical presentations that are more pronounced in smokers than non-smokers |
|
Definition
deeper probing depths
gingival recession
attachment loss
bone loss |
|
|
Term
| What are 3 traits of chronic periodontal inflammation in smokers |
|
Definition
smooth tissue with minimal bleeding
reduction of bleeding on probing
pale tissue |
|
|
Term
| What is the percentage of successful smoking cessation with the cold turkey method |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the percentage of successful smoking cessation with healthcare provider intervention and medication |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nicotine replacement therapy |
|
|
Term
| What are some forms of NRTs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the patient education theory that believes people with better information make better health decisions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three components of the Health Belief Model |
|
Definition
1. believe they are susceptible to a condition
2. believe that there is a tx/cure for the condition
3. must overcome all barrier to care |
|
|
Term
| Which educational model is based on individuals readiness to adopt a new health behavior? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 6 stages of change for the transtheoretical model |
|
Definition
1. Precontemplation
2. Contemplation
3. Preparation
4. Action
5. Maintenance
6. Termination stage (change is permanent) |
|
|
Term
| What educational theory states that intention determines behavior? |
|
Definition
| Theory of reasoned action |
|
|
Term
| What are the two processes at work for the Theory of reasoned action? |
|
Definition
1. belief about what significant others think is important
2. personal motivation to comply with those people |
|
|
Term
| what are the two beliefs that shape intentions for the theory of reasoned action |
|
Definition
behavioral beliefs (held by individuals)
normative/social (held by others that influence the individual) |
|
|
Term
| Which education model would recommend changing a community's norms in order to impact social beliefs and therefore change oral health? |
|
Definition
| Theory of Reasoned Action |
|
|
Term
| Which education theory states that health behavior s change as individuals gain knowledge, try new skills, and experience changing behaviors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which education model has been shown to be best with managing diabetes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which educational model states that it is more useful to study health than to study disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another name for the sense of coherence model which looks at the role of stressors and tension as factors of health or disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are GRRs? Which educational model are these associated with? |
|
Definition
| coping behaviors that help individuals plan for possible stressors and tension in their lives--> Sense of coherence |
|
|
Term
| Do people with strong coping behaviors have a strong or weak sense of coherence |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of GRRs (5) |
|
Definition
education
knowledge
finances
values
faith |
|
|
Term
| What is an example of developing goal oriented behavior as part of the sense of coherence model? |
|
Definition
| breaking down treatment into more manageable chunks |
|
|
Term
| Are there any long term studies that support impact of the sense of coherence model |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the term for an adult deciding what and how to learn based on what is important to them |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 5 examples sources for adult motivation? |
|
Definition
1. social relationships
2. external expectation
3. better the welfare of society
4. better job
5. improve athletic skills |
|
|
Term
| What is patient centered counseling using a series of questions aimed at understanding the patient's level of knowledge or interest |
|
Definition
| motivational interviewing |
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of motivational interviewing questions? (4) |
|
Definition
How are you feeling today?
what is your current brushing routine?
were you satisfied with your previous care?
what is your current diet? |
|
|
Term
| What are 7 examples of oral assessments |
|
Definition
1. MHx
2. DHx
3. Clinical exam
4. radiographs
5. deposits
6. self care practices
7. learning and compliance factors |
|
|
Term
| What are 5 examples of indices that quantify dental disease |
|
Definition
O'Leary
Probe readings
Nizel
gingival assessment (CAL)
subgingival calculus |
|
|
Term
| What are the 5 phases of the Process of Care |
|
Definition
Assessment
DH Diagnosis
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation |
|
|
Term
| What is the term for treatment limited to that which can be accomplished by a licensed DH? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which phase of the Process of Care includes op set-up, x-rays, patient ed, instrumentation, and post-op instructions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which phase of care focuses on outcomes to determine if more therapy is needed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a substance that is added to foods or beverages that provide a pleasurable taste and sometimes add energy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the two forms of sweeteners? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 categories of primary stimuli in taste? |
|
Definition
| sweet, sour, salty, bitter |
|
|
Term
| How many cells does a taste bud contain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the specialized epithelial cells where chemical detection of taste occurs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common tabletop sweetener |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the least refined form of sucrose? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are two sources of sucrose |
|
Definition
| sugar cane and sugar beets |
|
|
Term
| What are some uses of sucrose? (5) |
|
Definition
sweetening agent
texture agent
dispersing/lubricating agent
color agent (caramelization)
bulking agent |
|
|
Term
| What is fructose made of? |
|
Definition
| 50% sucrose and 50% glucose |
|
|
Term
| What are 4 fermentable carbohydrates that promote caries formation |
|
Definition
sucrose
glucose
fructose
maltose |
|
|
Term
| What condition results in nausea, vomiting, and sweating after consuming fructose and presents in individuals as a very low caries index score? |
|
Definition
| Hereditary fructose intolerance |
|
|
Term
| What is another term for polyols? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Polyols contain what percentage of the calories of sucrose |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 3 examples of polyols? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a polyol that is naturally found in fruits and chewing gum but can cause GI upset if too much is ingested? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is sorbitol cariogenic or non-cariogenic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What non-cariogenic polyol is naturally found in seaweed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which polyol is non-cariogenic and has anticaries benefits |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the antibacterial uses of xylitol |
|
Definition
reduces supra plaque
decreases bacterial metabolism
stimulates salivary production
reduces levels of strep mutans |
|
|
Term
| What are 2 examples of intense artificial sweeteners> |
|
Definition
saccharin
aspartame
sucralose
neotame |
|
|
Term
| Which sweetener, also known as sweet n low is 200-700x sweeter than sucrose and is the lowest cost intense sweetener in the world? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are two examples of nutritive sweeteners |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 conditions needed for caries to be present |
|
Definition
susceptible tooth
cariogenic microorganisms in large enough quantities
frequent consumption of refined carbs
persistance over a long period of time |
|
|
Term
| What is the first stage of tooth decay which presents as a white spot on the enamel that has not penetrated the enamel |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 stages of development of a carious legion |
|
Definition
1. Demineralization
2. Progression of demineralization toward the DEJ
3. Demineralization continues past the DEJ and into the softer dentin |
|
|
Term
| What are 4 types of caries? |
|
Definition
1. pit and fissure caries
2. smooth surface caries (B, L, IP)
3. root surface caries
4. secondary/recurrent caries |
|
|
Term
| Enamel rods are made of what chemical compound? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what shelters bacteria from being washed away |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the major bacteria involved in caries activity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are three traits that aid in ability to cause caries |
|
Definition
1. rapid production of lactic acid
2. ability to adhere to tooth
3. acid tolerance |
|
|
Term
| What is the secondary bacteria that survives in a low pH environment and crowds out streptococci mutans as the decay process continues? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some risk factors for root caries? (7) |
|
Definition
age
gender
lack of fluoride exposure
systemic illness
xerostima
oral hygiene
high sugar diet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What color are root caries |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the term for the ability to thrive in a relatively acidic environment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the term for something that is conductive to production of acid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the term for something that is conductive to caries development |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are indications for nutritional counseling |
|
Definition
1. patient with dental caries
2. patients with oral manifestations or nutritional deficiencies
3. risk for osteoporosis
4. Anemia
5. Diabetes |
|
|
Term
| What is the term for inadequate dietary intake of a nutrient? |
|
Definition
| Primary nutritional deficiency |
|
|
Term
| What is the term for a nutritional deficiency caused by systemic disease that interferes with ingestion, absorption, digestion, transport, and nutrient use |
|
Definition
| secondary nutritional deficiency |
|
|
Term
| What is the role of protein in the diet? |
|
Definition
| repair and remodel tissue |
|
|
Term
| What nutrient is indicated for a patient who is going to have or has had surgery? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What deficiency presents itself in the oral cavity as pallor of oral tissues, especially the tongue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is essential for taste and odor sensitivity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is a sign of a B-complex vitamin deficiencies? |
|
Definition
| Cracks in the corners of the mouth |
|
|
Term
| What are 3 causes of dental demineralization? |
|
Definition
Excessive toothbrushing
consumption of acidic foods or drinks
stomach acid |
|
|
Term
| What are 3 local factors needed for caries development? |
|
Definition
susceptible tooth
cariogenic bacteria
fermentable carbohydrates |
|
|
Term
| Other than the presence of bacteria, what can contribute to periodontal disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If a patient presents with unresolved gingivitis or periodontitis, before therapeutic treatment is started, what should be addressed with the patient? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F- Dental professionals can have a difficult time identifying patients with eating disorders |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F- When one is identified with an eating disorder, the patient must be cautioned that, for dental rehabilitation to be successful, the underlying eating disorder and its cause must be addressed. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Patients diagnosed with what illness are at a greater risk for developing oral infections and periodontal disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Aids and cancer patients can experience which of the following oral conditions? |
|
Definition
Herpes simplex
oral candidiasis
Xerostomia |
|
|
Term
| what are 3 traits of incipient caries |
|
Definition
1. shows as white spot lesion
2. surface enamel appears intact
3. surface demineralization is well established at microscopic level |
|
|
Term
| Tooth enamel is made up of interlocking what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F- Once tooth cavitation occurs, the zones of incipient lesion become less clearly defined |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F- zones of incipient lesions become less clearly defined because of mineral loss and the presence of bacteria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F- Lactobacilli are required for caries development |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F- Lactobacilli displace strep mutans in a low pH environment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which teeth are at the greatest risk for root caries? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the chemical detection of taste occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which type of sugar is commonly added to processed foods and drinks |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In addition to sugars, what other agents can be cariogenic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which polyol has received the greatest amount of attention from the dental community? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the manual published by the ADA that provided a set of codes accompanying definitions that reflect the commonly accepted dental procedures? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the purpose of dental indices |
|
Definition
| quantifying dental diseases |
|
|
Term
| Approx how much time do the authors allow for the diagnosis, planning, and implementation of dental hygiene treatment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Whose responsibility is it to educate patients about oral diseases and their prevention |
|
Definition
| everyone (dentists, dental assistants, dental hygienist) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the normal respiration rate for adults |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F- The theory of reasoned action suggests that norms of the community influence a collective community |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What physical signs are dental providers likely to see in the oral cavity of a smoker? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F- Smokers have greater probing depths, gingival recession, loss of attachment, and bone loss than non-smokers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F- Cigarette smoking is a potential contributing factor in necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Because smoking alters the body's ability to mount a host response, how does the periodontal inflammation present itself in a smoker? |
|
Definition
| smooth tissue with minimal bleeding |
|
|
Term
| Patients who smoke are more likely to present with what periodontal condition? |
|
Definition
| moderate to advanced periodontal disease |
|
|
Term
| How much worse are the chemicals from second hand smoke than for the smoker? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is referred to as a poor man's cigarette and are small hand rolled cigarettes imported from India or Southeast Asia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F- Both bidis and kreteks deliver more nicotine, carbon monoxide, and tar than standard cigarettes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F- Users feel that water in the hookas filters out the toxins, hooks smoke has been shown to contain many of the same toxins found in cigarette smoke |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One pack of snuff equals approximately how many packs of cigarettes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The theory of reasoned action suggests that norms of the community influence what demographic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What theory states that changes take place in multiple directions, and environment, information, and behavior all affect one another? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What occurs when individuals think their personal actions determine health status? (what locus of control) |
|
Definition
| internal locus of control |
|
|
Term
| Which learning method closely examines the role of stressors and tensions as contributing factors for health and disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In order for adults to learn, what is a key component of the information shared? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 3 components of learning? |
|
Definition
Motivation
reinforcement of knowledge
retention of knowledge |
|
|
Term
| What is not a source of motivation adult learning? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which educational model focuses on the patient's readiness to learn and change, and helps engage patients to motivate them to process along the stages of the model? |
|
Definition
| Motivational interviewing |
|
|
Term
| What is defined as a source of disturbance that upsets a sense of equilibrium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which educational model involves a method of seeing the world and one's place in it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| RDA was changed by the food and drug administration to DRI which stands for what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Estimated Average Requirement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Protein energy malnutrition |
|
|
Term
| What is the main result of a protein deficiency? |
|
Definition
| impaired immune response to healing and infection |
|
|
Term
| What are three nutritional elements necessary for development of teeth and alveolar bone? |
|
Definition
calcium
vitamin D
phosphorus |
|
|
Term
| Premature children have an increased incidence of what oral condition in primary teeth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common deficiency in the US? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What mineral deficiency results in delayed wound healing, xerostomia, and loss of taste and odor sensitivity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What deficiency results in impaired healing, impaired immune response, and change in taste? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which deficiency, also known as scurvy, results in spontaneous bleeding, impaired healing, and loosening of teeth in the oral cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which deficiency is most common in elderly and manifests as cracks in the corners of the mouth and pain and burning of the tongue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What vitamin deficiency is most common in pregnant women |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ECC, also known as baby bottle tooth decay, stand for what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the definition of early childhood caries? |
|
Definition
| 1 or more missing or decayed or filled tooth surfaces of primary teeth |
|
|
Term
| T/F- For dental rehab to be successful, the underlying eating disorder and the cause must be addressed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F- Dental professionals do not have a difficult time identifying patients with eating disorders |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Patients with HIV/AIDs require higher levels than the RDA of which vitamin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are three usual oral manifestations of HIV/AIDS |
|
Definition
herpes simplex
oral candidiasis
xerostomia |
|
|
Term
| What service is not performed during the implementation phase of the dental hygiene process of care? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 3 examples of services performed during the implementation phase of DH care? |
|
Definition
OH instruction
periodontal debridement/scaling
Nutritional counseling |
|
|
Term
| how many appointments would be warranted for a patient with generalized moderate periodontitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F- The purpose of a periodic oral evaluation is to determine any changes in a patient's medical and dental health status |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F- the clinician will increase the likelihood of engaging patients if they clearly demonstrate respect for patient and recognizing they are autonomous individuals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When motivation is imposed from an external source, a patient's behavior change is often ______? |
|
Definition
| transient and guilt induced |
|
|
Term
| What is the first thing you should do prior to sharing information with a patient? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 3 examples of factors that could act as barriers to change? |
|
Definition
attitudes influenced by ethnicity and culture
fear of medical setting
having insufficient money to pay for dental visits |
|
|
Term
| What are 3 examples of sources of motivation? |
|
Definition
social relationship
social welfare
external expectations |
|
|
Term
| During nutritional education, what lifestyle factors should be considered that could have an impact on the patient's dietary habits? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a disadvantage of a 24 hour recall food diary? |
|
Definition
| patients may over or underestimate food consumed |
|
|
Term
| What is the equation for calculating an oral health diet score (Nizel)? |
|
Definition
| total food group score + nutrient score - sweet score |
|
|
Term
| What is a diet assessment |
|
Definition
| identification of current dietary practices and requirements of a patient |
|
|
