Term
| groups of organisms with a thin body wall that makes a circulatory system unnecessary |
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Definition
| Sponges, cnidarians and flatworms |
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Term
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Definition
| each cell exposed to water and can independently exchange gases and excrete wastes |
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Term
| what has a trilobed gastrovascular cavity |
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Definition
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Term
| a small, flat body where nutrients diffuse from cell to cell. |
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Definition
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Term
| use the coelomic fluid of the body cavity to transport fluids |
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Definition
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Term
| rely on movement of coelomic fluid as a circulatory system. |
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Definition
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Term
| is a circulatory fluid and is always contained within blood vessels |
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Definition
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Term
| is a circulatory fluid which flows into the hemocoel of certain arthropods and molluscs; it is a mixture of blood and interstitial fluid. |
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Definition
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Term
| have an open circulatory system |
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Definition
| Certain arthropods and molluscs |
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Term
| is pumped by the heart into the body cavity or saclike sinuses |
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Definition
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Term
| bathes the internal organs and then drains back to the heart |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a dorsal heart pumps hemolymph into an aorta, which empties into the hemocoel. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| have a closed circulatory system in which blood never leaves the heart or vessels. |
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Definition
| earthworms and cephalopods |
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Term
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Definition
| any backward flow of the blood as it moves through vessels |
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Term
| have five pairs of anterior lateral vessels that pump blood to every segment |
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Definition
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Term
| have five pairs of anterior lateral vessels that pump blood to every segment |
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Definition
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Term
| Blood moves in capillaries where |
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Definition
| an exchange with tissue fluid takes place before returning in veins. |
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Term
| have a red respiratory pigment hemoglobin dissolved in the blood, not inside blood cells. |
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Definition
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Term
| With no special cavity for gas exchange |
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Definition
| the gas must diffuse across a moist body wall |
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Term
| ____have a closed circulatory system ____ |
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Definition
| Vertebrates cardiovascular system |
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Term
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Definition
| blood circulating through the blood vessels |
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Term
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Definition
| blood circulating through the blood vessels |
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Term
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Definition
| chambers of the heart that receive blood |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| There are three kinds of blood vessels: |
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Definition
| arteries carry the blood away from the heart, capillaries are where the exchange with tissue fluid takes place, and veins return the blood to the heart |
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Term
| have thick walls and are resilient. |
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Definition
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Term
| expand to accommodate sudden increase in blood volume that results after heart contraction. |
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Definition
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Term
| divide into small arterioles |
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Definition
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Term
| Arteriole constriction and dilatio |
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Definition
| is regulated by the nervous system to affect blood pressure. |
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Term
| microscopic blood vessels with a wall formed of one layer of simple squamous cells. |
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Definition
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Term
| microscopic blood vessels with a wall formed of one layer of simple squamous cells. |
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Definition
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Term
| Capillary beds are so prevalent that (in humans) |
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Definition
| all cells are within 60–80 µm of a capillary |
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Term
| Capillary beds are so prevalent that (in humans) |
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Definition
| all cells are within 60–80 µm of a capillary |
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Term
| what percent of the capillaries are open at one time |
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Definition
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Term
| are so narrow that red blood cells must pass through them in single file |
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Definition
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Term
| are so narrow that red blood cells must pass through them in single file |
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Definition
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Term
| what occurs across the thin capillary walls. |
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Definition
| Gas, nutrient, and waste exchange |
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Term
| vessels that take blood from capillaries and join to form a vein |
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Definition
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Term
| transport blood toward the heart |
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Definition
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Term
| The walls of ____ are much thinner than those of _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| The walls of ____ are much thinner than those of _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| there is a lower blood pressure in ____ than in _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| open in the direction of the heart, and then close to prevent backflow |
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Definition
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Term
| one circuit (single loop) circulatory pathway (Vertebrates) |
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Definition
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Term
| a heart in a fish has a (vertebrates) |
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Definition
| single atrium and a single ventricle and pumps the blood under pressure to the gills |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| After passing through gills of a fish |
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Definition
| blood is returned to the dorsal aorta, which distributes the blood throughout the body. |
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Term
| Other vertebrates have a two circuit (double loop) circulatory pathway which means? |
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Definition
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Term
| The systemic circuit transports |
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Definition
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Term
| The pulmonary circuit pumps |
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Definition
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Term
| the heart has two atria and a single ventricle |
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Definition
| In amphibians and most reptiles |
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Term
| The right ventricle pumps blood to the |
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Definition
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Term
| The right ventricle pumps blood to the |
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Definition
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Term
| the left ventricle pumps blood to the |
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Definition
|
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Term
| the left ventricle pumps blood to the |
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Definition
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Term
| Skeletal muscle contraction is responsible for (in humans) |
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Definition
| the blood movement in veins |
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Term
| In humans the heart is what shape? muscle organ size? |
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Definition
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Term
| The heart in a human is located? |
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Definition
| between the lungs directly behind the sternum and is tilted so that the apex is oriented to the left |
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Term
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Definition
| its muscle fibers are branched and tightly joined together |
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Term
| the heart lies within the _______, a sac that secretes a _________ fluid. |
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Definition
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Term
| The endocardium lines the |
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Definition
| inner surface of the heart |
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Term
| The endocardium consists of |
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Definition
| connective tissue and endothelial tissue |
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Term
| An internal wall called the _______ separates the heart into right and left halves |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| two upper, thin walled atria and two lower, thick walled ventricles |
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Term
| in humans the Heart valves direct the flow |
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Definition
| blood and prevent any backward movement |
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Term
| in humans_______are supported by strong __________ (chordae tendineae) which support the valves and prevent them from inverting when the heart contracts. |
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Definition
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Term
| in humans Atrioventricular valves between the atria and ventricles prevent |
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Definition
| any back flow from the ventricle to the atrium |
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Term
| in humans The right atrioventricular (tricuspid) valve on right side of the heart consists |
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Definition
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Term
| in humans The left atrioventricular (bicuspid or mitral) valve on left side consists |
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Definition
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Term
| in humans Semilunar valves are located between |
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Definition
| ventricles and their attached vessels |
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Term
| in humans The pulmonary semilunar valve lies between the |
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Definition
| right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk |
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Term
| in humans The pulmonary semilunar valve lies between the |
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Definition
| right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk |
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Term
| in humans The aortic semilunar valve lies between |
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Definition
| left ventricle and the aorta |
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Term
The route of blood through the heart
step 1
Oxygen-poor blood enters the right atrium from |
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Definition
| both the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava |
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Term
The route of blood through the heart
step 2
The right atrium sends blood through the |
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Definition
| right atrioventricular (tricuspid) valve to the right ventricle |
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Term
The route of blood through the heart
step 3
The right ventricle sends blood through the |
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Definition
| pulmonary semilunar valve into the pulmonary trunk and arteries to the lungs. |
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Term
The route of blood through the heart
step 4
Oxygen-rich blood returns from the lungs through |
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Definition
| pulmonary veins and is delivered to the left atrium. |
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Term
The route of blood through the heart
step 5
The left atrium sends blood through the |
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Definition
| left atrioventricular (bicuspid or mitral) valve to the left ventricle |
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Term
The route of blood through the heart
step 6
The left ventricle sends blood through the aortic semilunar valve |
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Definition
| into the aorta and on to the body proper |
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Term
| O2-poor blood and O2-rich blood |
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Definition
|
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Term
| blood pressure is greatest in the |
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Definition
|
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Term
| left ventricle has the harder job of pumping blood throughout the body so it has |
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Definition
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Term
| Blood pressure decreases when |
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Definition
| cross-sectional area of the arteries and arterioles increases |
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Term
| The human heart contracts (beats) about |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| The ____ contract first while the ______relax |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| contraction of heart chambers |
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Term
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Definition
| relaxation of the heart chambers. |
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Term
| The heart is in _______ 50 percent of the time |
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Definition
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Term
| The short systole of the atria is needed only to |
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Definition
| send blood into the ventricles |
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Term
| the volume of blood that the left ventricle pumps per minute into the systemic circuit |
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Definition
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Term
| vibrations of the heart when the atrioventricular valves close. |
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Definition
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Term
| heard when the vibrations occur due to the closing of semilunar valves |
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Definition
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Term
| there is one _____ pulse per ______ systole |
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Definition
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Term
| the arterial pulse rate can be used to determine |
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Definition
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Term
| Rhythmic contraction of the heart is due to the |
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Definition
| cardiac conduction system |
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Term
| The sinoatrial (SA) node is the |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| upper dorsal wall of the right atrium |
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Term
| initiates the heartbeat by sending out an excitatory impulse every 0.85 seconds to cause the atria to contract |
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Definition
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Term
| The atrioventricular (AV) node is found |
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Definition
| in the base of the right atrium very near the septum |
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Term
| The atrioventricular (AV) node is found |
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Definition
| in the base of the right atrium very near the septum |
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Term
| when stimulated by impulses from the SA node, it sends out impulses through the septum to cause the ventricles to contract. |
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Definition
| The atrioventricular (AV) node |
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Term
| the heart beat is regulated by the |
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Definition
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Term
| The hormones ________ and _______ also stimulate the heart. |
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Definition
| epinephrine, norepinephrine |
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Term
| is a recording of the electrical changes that occur in the myocardium during a cardiac cycle; it is used as a diagnostic tool to identify abnormal cardiac function |
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Definition
| An electrocardiogram (ECG) |
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Term
Normal Cardiac Cycle
The P wave represents |
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Definition
| excitation and occurs just before atrial contraction |
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Term
Normal Cardiac Cycle
The QRS complex signals that |
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Definition
| the ventricles are about to contract |
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Term
Normal Cardiac Cycle
The electrical changes that occur as the ventricular muscle fibers recover produce the |
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Definition
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Term
Normal Cardiac Cycle
The electrical changes that occur as the ventricular muscle fibers recover produce the |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Ventricular fibrillation is |
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Definition
| uncoordinated contraction of the ventricles |
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Term
| The human cardiovascular system has two major circular pathways |
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Definition
| The Pulmonary Circuit, The Systemic Circuit |
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Term
| The pulmonary circuit circulates |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Oxygen-poor blood from the body collects in the ______ ______, which pumps it to _______ ________ |
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Definition
| right ventricle, pulmonary trunk |
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Term
| The portal system is a pathway of blood flow that begins and ends |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The hepatic portal vein transports blood from |
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Definition
| capillaries in the small intestinal villi to capillaries in the liver |
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Term
| The hepatic vein leaves the _____ and enters the inferior ____ ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| In the liver, substances absorbed by the _____ are modified, ____ and ____ are removed, and the normal composition of _____ is monitored. |
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Definition
| intestine, toxins, bacteria, blood |
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