Term
| How do atoms fill their valence shell? |
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Definition
| Covalent bond, ionic bonds |
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Term
| What happens when an atom loses an electron? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens when an atom gains an electron? |
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Definition
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Term
| 96% of living matter is composed of which elements? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| elements required by organisms in only minute quantities |
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Term
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Definition
| The elements required to live, 25 for humans, 17 for plants |
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Term
| How can you distinguish one element from another |
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Definition
| The number of protons in the nucleus. |
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Term
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Definition
| each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, and hence differ in relative atomic mass but not in chemical properties; in particular, a radioactive form of an element. |
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Term
| What are radioactive isotopes? |
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Definition
| isotope in which the nucleus spontaneously decays, giving off particles and energy. |
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Term
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Definition
| The tendency to attract electrons. |
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Term
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Definition
| The sharing of a pair of valence electrons between two atoms. |
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Term
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Definition
| Two bonded atoms w/ the same electronegativity |
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Term
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Definition
| Any bond where the atoms are not equally charged |
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Term
| How many electrons does it take to fill the valence shells of Carbon? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many electrons does it take to fill the valence shells of Hydrogen? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many electrons does it take to fill the valence shells of Nitrogen? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many electrons does it take to fill the valence shells of Oxygen? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| bond between a cation and a anion |
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Term
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Definition
| the noncovalent attractions between hydrogen and an electronegative atom |
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Term
| What are Van der Waals interactions? |
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Definition
| the attractive or repulsive forces between molecules (or between parts of the same molecule) |
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Term
| What does it mean when a reaction is “reversible”? |
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Definition
| A reversible reaction is a chemical reaction that results in an equilibrium mixture of reactants and products. |
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Term
| What is chemical equilibrium? |
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Definition
| a chemical reaction and its reverse proceed at equal rates |
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Term
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Definition
| a substance that con not be broken down to other substances, there are 92 elements |
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Term
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Definition
| a substance of two or more elements |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Particle w/ positive charge |
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Term
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Definition
| Particle w/ negative charge |
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Term
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Definition
| A dense core of protons and neutrons, electrons form a cloud of negative charge around the atom |
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Term
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Definition
| The weight equal to one neutron or proton |
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Term
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Definition
| number of protons in an element |
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Term
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Definition
| the making and breaking of chemical bonds |
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Term
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Definition
| Does not share atoms electrons equally |
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Term
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Definition
| The linking together of like molecules, often by hydrogen bonds |
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Term
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Definition
| the linking of one substance to another by hydrogen bonds |
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Term
| Why is water a polar molecule? |
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Definition
| H in water is slightly positive while O is negative |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| liquid in which material is being disolved |
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Term
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Definition
| the end product of disolving |
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Term
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Definition
| the percentage of solute to solvent |
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Term
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Definition
| a single proton with a +1 charge |
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Term
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Definition
| a substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution |
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Term
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Definition
| a substance that decreases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution |
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Term
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Definition
| a water molecule that lost a proton OH- |
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Term
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Definition
| a water molecule that has an extra proton H30- |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How many H+ ions are in pure water? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A solution that contains a weak acid and its corresponding base. A buffer minimizes changes in a solution when acids or bases are added. |
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Term
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Definition
| molecule containing carbon |
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Term
| why is carbon so special? |
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Definition
| it's the smallest tetravalent element |
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Term
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Definition
| compounds that have the same atoms but are arranged differently |
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Term
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Definition
| same atoms w/ different covalent arrangment |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 3D isomers that mirror eachother |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| functional group: hydroxyl |
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Definition
| (-OH), Alcohols, highly polar, weak acid |
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Term
| functional group: carbonyl |
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Definition
(>CO), Keytones - withinh the carbon skeleton
Aldehydes - At the end of the skeleton |
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Term
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Definition
| (-NH2), Amines, acts as a base |
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Term
| functional group: sulfhydryl |
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Definition
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Term
| functional group: phosphate |
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Definition
| (-OPO32-), organic phosphates |
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Term
| functional group: carboxyl |
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Definition
| (-COOH), Carboxyl or organic acids, works as an acid |
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Term
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Definition
| (-CH3), methylated compunds |
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Term
| What are the components of a nucleic acid? |
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Definition
1) a sugar ribose or deoxyribose
2) a base (adenine guanine, cytosine thymine or uracil°
3) a phosphate group |
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Term
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Definition
| a chemical reaction that involves the loss of water from the reacting molecule. |
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Term
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Definition
| the chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water. Adds water |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
DNA contains deoxyribose while RNA contains ribose.
Ribose has one more (-OH) group |
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Term
| Neutral atomic chlorine has an atomic number of 17. It has __________ electrons in its third shell. |
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Definition
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Term
| First shell electrons full? |
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Definition
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Term
| Second shell electrons full? |
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Definition
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Term
| Valence shell electrons full? |
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Definition
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Term
| Isotopes of an element will always differ in __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The chemical characteristics or reactivity of an element depend mostly on the __________. |
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Definition
| number of electrons in the valence shell |
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Term
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Definition
| sum of protons and neutrons |
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Term
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Definition
| the primary linkage of all protein structures; the chemical bond between the carboxyl groups and amino groups that unites a peptide |
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Term
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Definition
| nucleotide (Sugar + Phosphate base) |
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Term
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Definition
Sugar
phosphate group
nucleobase |
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Term
| Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic |
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Definition
| Eukaryotes have a nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
| The nuclear membrane functions to selectively regulate what goes in and out of the nucleus. |
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Term
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Definition
| To send proteins and other molecules in and out of the cell |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| rough endoplasmic reticulum |
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Definition
| making secretory proteins like enzymes and antibodies |
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Term
| smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| performs the function of modifying, packaging, and distributing proteins and other macromolecules. |
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Term
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Definition
| break down polymers within the cell, cell digestion system |
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Term
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Definition
| containing and getting rid of waste |
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