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101- Stains
SCC- Minter
70
Dentistry
Professional
11/20/2015

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Cards

Term
What tools are used to assess amount and extent of deposits in the mouth?
Definition
light
mirror
air
explorer
probe
disclosing solution
Term
What is the primary risk factor for caries and perio disease?
Definition
plaque and bacteria
Term
What 2 things increase the retention of plaque on teeth?
Definition
stain
calculus
Term
Is extrinsic stain mineralized or non-mineralized?
Definition
Both
Term
What are loose deposits of microorganisms , desquamated epithelial cells, and broken down food debris?
Definition
materia alba
Term
what is a dense non-mineralized organized mass of bacterial colonies in a gel like matrix or slime layer?
Definition
biofilm
Term
What is the pH of plaque before eating?
Definition
6.2-7
Term
at what pH does enamel demineralize?
Definition
4.5-5.5
Term
At what pH does cementum on the root demineralize?
Definition
6-6.7
Term
where is plaque least common?
Definition
palatal of maxillary teeth
Term
where is plaque most common?
Definition
IP and cervical 3rd
Term
How many days does it take for the maturation phase of plaque formation?
Definition
14-24 days
Term
Gingivitis is evident during which phase of biolfilm formation?
Definition
maturation- stage 3
Term
After how many days can you see inflammation due to bacterial colonization?
Definition
4-7 days
Term
What are the 3 stages of biofilm formation?
Definition
Pellicle formation
Colonization
Maturation
Term
How can materia alba be removed?
Definition
toothbrush or waterpik
Term
What is the result of a softer diet on plaque formation?
Definition
increased plaque levels
Term
what is the purpose of polishing?
Definition
remove extrinsic stain
patient motivation
restorations to resist tarnish
Term
What is the most common stain color
Definition
yellow
Term
What are 4 ways to remove stains?
Definition
scaling
ultrasonic
air polisher
prophy cup and brush
Term
What are 4 adverse effects of polishing?
Definition
removes tooth structure
can't be used on newly erupted teeth
edematous tissues- bleeding
cannot polish roots
Term
What should you check the MHx for before polishing?
Definition
decreased immune system- can cause bacteremia due to aersoles and spatter
Term
What are reasons you would use selective polishing? (4)
Definition
no stain
could cause damage to the tooth
low or no plaque
patient cosmetic concerns
Term
Polishing creates aersols and splatter. How far does this splatter go and how long are their aersols?
Definition
18 inches for 20 minutes
Term
How much tooth structure does polishing remove?
Definition
4 microns per 30 seconds
Term
Are adults or children more susceptible to discomfort due to heat produced from the polisher? why?
Definition
children due to larger pulp size
Term
Should you polish if gingiva is inflamed?
Definition
no
Term
When would you use Intra Silex in a polishing agent/
Definition
enamel (fine)
Term
When would you use Pumice-flour in a polishing agent?
Definition
heavy stains (course pumice not for enamel)
Term
When would you use tin oxide in a polishing agent?
Definition
teeth and metallic restorations
Term
When would you use Emery (aluminum oxide) in a polishing agent?
Definition
composits and porcelain
Term
When would you use Rouge in a polishing agent?
Definition
metals in lab (not for the mouth)
Term
What 6 things are found in polish
Definition
Abrasive (pumice)
Solvent (water)
Humectant (moisture)
Binder
sweetener
flavoring
Term
What is a consideration for flavored gels, polish, etc used in the clinic?
Definition
food allergy
Term
What are the terms for location of a stain?
Definition
extrinsic
intrinsic
Term
What are the terms for the source of a stain?
Definition
exogenous
endogenous
Term
What is the term for a stain found inside a tooth
Definition
intrinsic
Term
what is the term for a stain found on the surface of a tooth?
Definition
extrinsic
Term
What is the term for a stain source outside the tooth?
Definition
exogenous
Term
what is the term for a stain source inside the tooth?
Definition
endogenous
Term
Stains are associated with the presence of which two things on the tooth surface>
Definition
pellice
plaque
Term
What are some examples of extrinsic stains?
Definition
coffee
tobacco
yellow
green
black line
orange
metallic
Term
Where is green stain most commonly found?
Definition
facial of max anteriors
Term
who is green stain most commonly found in?
Definition
children
Term
What causes green stain?
Definition
chromogenic bacteria and fungi
Term
How should green stain be removed?
Definition
toothbrush. Do not scale!
Term
What are some other green stains (other than chromogenic bacteria)
Definition
chlorophyll
metal
marijuana
chlorine
Term
WHere is black line stain usually found?
Definition
cervical 3rd of F and L
Term
Is black line stain found in individuals with good or bad oral hygiene?
Definition
good
Term
How is black line stain removed?
Definition
scaling and polishing
Term
Where is tobacco stain most commonly found?
Definition
lingual gingival 3rd
Term
How is tobacco stain usually removed?
Definition
ultrasonic
Term
What color stain does the stannous fluoride in GelKam cause?
Definition
light brown or yellow
Term
Where does antibiotic use stain and chlorohexidine use stain show on teeth?
Definition
IP and exposed roots
Term
What is Betel leaf stain and how is it removed?
Definition
thick dark stain from chewing nuts from eastern countries. Removed with air polisher and scaling
Term
Where is orange and red stain found?
Definition
cervical 3rd of anteriors
Term
What causes orange and red stain and how is it removed?
Definition
chromogenic bateria
light scale and polish
Term
What does copper brass stain look like?
Definition
green blue
Term
What are some examples of endogenous intrinsic stains? (9)
Definition
pulp chamber hemorrhage and tissue breakdown
Tetracyclines (antibiotics)
amelogenesis imperfecta
dentinogenesis imperfecta
enamel hyperplasia
fluorosis
prolonged jaundice
erythroblastosis fetalis (RH incompatible)
Term
What does tetracycline stain look like
Definition
yellow, gray, brown
Term
What does amelogenesis imperfecta look like?
Definition
yellow, gray, brown
Term
What does dentinogenesis imperfecta look like?
Definition
translucent or opalescent (gray/blue brown)
Term
What does enamel hyperplasia look like?
Definition
white spots or pits from ameloblastic disturbance
Term
Fluorosis results from excessive fluoride over how many ppm?
Definition
2 ppm
Term
What does stain from prolonged jaundice look like?
Definition
yellow-green
Term
What does erythroblastosis fetalis look like?
Definition
green blue hue
Term
what are 2 exogenous intrinsic stains?
Definition
tobacco
green stain
Term
What are some additional examples of intrinsic stains?
Definition
amalgam discoloration of surrounding tooth (gray)
Endo materials (iodine)
stannous fluoride
silver nitrate (sensitivity)
dentin stain from carious lesion
Term
can you polish immediately after deep scaling, root planing, or soft tissue curettage?
Definition
no
Term
What are some precautions for polishing? 3
Definition
1. patients with high susceptibility to infection (pulmonary disease, immunocompromised)
2. patient with communicable diseases that could be spread by aersols
3. premedication patients who haven't taken their medication
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