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| External Carotid Artery (ECA) |
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| Internal Carotid Artery (ICA) |
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| R. Subclavian Artery (Right Sub) |
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| Brachiocephalic (Inominate) Artery |
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| Ascending Aorta (Ascending Ao) |
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| Abdominal Aorta (Abdominal Ao) |
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| R. Deep Femoral (Profunda Femoris) |
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| L. Posterior Tibial Artery |
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| L. Anterior Tibial Artery |
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| L. Superficial Femoral Artery |
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| Thoracic Output (landmark) |
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| Inguinal Ligament (landmark) |
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| Aductor's Hiatus (landmark) |
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| R. Internal Carotid Artery |
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| R. External Carotid Artery |
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| Brachiocephalic (Inominate) Artery |
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[image]
Not shown but off the Celiac Trunk |
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| Superior Mesenteric Artery |
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| Inferior Mesenteric Artery |
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| Superficial Femoral Artery |
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| Inguinal Ligament (landmark) |
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| Anterior Communicating Artery |
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| Posterior Communicating Artery |
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| Posterior Cerebral Artery |
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| Carotid Syphon (landmark) |
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Term
| Begins at the aortic valve of the heart. |
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Definition
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Term
| The names of the vessle that is separated by the diaphragm. |
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Definition
| Thoracic Descending Aorta and Abdominal Descending Aorta |
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Term
| What happens to the Abdominal Aorta at about the level of the umbilius? |
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Definition
| It ends and bifurcates into the Common Iliac Arteries. |
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Term
| Is the first branch off the Aortic Arch and ends at the bifurcation into the Right Common Carotid and Right Subclavian Arteries. |
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Definition
| Brachiocephalic (Innominate) Artery |
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Term
| Is the second branch off the Aortic Arch and ends at the carotid bifucation. |
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Definition
| Left Common Carotid Artery |
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Term
| Is the third branch off the aortic arch and ends at the thoracic outlet. |
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Definition
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Term
| Begins at the innominate bifurction and ends at the carotid bifurcation. |
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Definition
| Right Common Carotid Artery. |
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Term
| The artery that has the thyroid gland medial to it proximally and the internal jugular vein lateral to it. |
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Definition
| Right Common Carotid Artery |
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Term
| Begins at the common carotid bifurction and ends at the Circle of Wills. |
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Definition
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Term
| The artery that at its distal end is called the carotid siphon. |
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| Begins at the innominate bifurcation and ends at the thoracic outlet, passing over the first rib. |
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Definition
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Term
| Begins at the thoracic outlet and ends at the lower border of the insertion of the teres major muscle in the upper arm. |
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Definition
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| Begins at the insertion of the teres major muscle and ends at the bifurcation into the radial and ulnar arteries slightly distal to the level of the antecubital fossa. |
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Definition
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Term
| Begins at the proximal abdominal Aorta and ends quickly at the bifurcation into the hepatic artery on the right and the splenic artery on the left. |
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Definition
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Term
| Begins at the abdominal aorta just distal to the celiac trunk and branches to perfuse the small intestine. |
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Definition
| Superior Mesenteric Artery |
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Term
| Begins at the abdominal aorta, usually slightly superiorly to the right renal artery and usually arising swomwhat posterolaterally, and ends at the kidney. |
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Definition
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Term
| Begins at the abdominal aorta just distal to the superior mesenteric artery and the left reanl artery, usually arising somewhat anterolaterally, and ends at the kidney. |
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Definition
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Term
| Begins at the aortic bifurcation and ends at the bifurcation into the internal and external iliac arteries. |
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Definition
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Term
| Begins at the common iliac bifurcation and ends at the inguinal ligament. |
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Definition
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Term
| Begins at the inguinal ligament and ends just distally at the bifurcation into supericial femoral and deep femoral arteries, at about the level of the sphenfemoral junction. |
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Definition
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Term
| Begins at the common femoral bifurcation, courses through the adductor canal in the mid thigh, and ends at the adductor hiatus about two-thirds of the way down the thigh. |
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Definition
| Superficial Femoral Artery |
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Term
| Begins at the adductor hiatus and ends just distal to the space at the bifurcation into anterior tibial and tibioperoneal trunk arteries. |
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Definition
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Term
| Begins at the popliteal bifurcation, courses just deep to the interosseous membrane between tibia and fibula in the anterior lower leg, and ends at the bend of the ankle. |
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Definition
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| Begins at the bend of the foot (distal anterior tibial artery) and ends about halfway down the dorsum of the foot as it bifurcates into planter arch arteries. |
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Definition
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| Begins at the polliteal bifurcation and ends at the bifurcation inot peroneal and posterior tibial arteries, about 1/4 of the way down the calf. |
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Definition
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| Begins at the tibioperoneal trunk bifurcation, courses medially near the tibia and finally posterior to the medial malleolus, and terminates in pedal branches. |
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Definition
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| Begins at the tibioperoneal trunk bifurcation, courses near the posterior of the fibula, and ends near the lateral malleolus. |
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Definition
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| The proximal limit is the inguinal ligament; the distal limit is the division into the superficial femoral and deep femoral veins, about 1-2 cm distal to the arterial bifurcation. |
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Definition
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| Accompanies the superficial femoral artery. |
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Definition
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| Proximal limit is the common femoral vein at the saphenofemoral junction, just distal tot the inguinal ligament and at about the same level as the femoral-arterial bifurcation. |
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Definition
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| This vessel courses somewhat posteromedially in the thigh, then somewhat more anteromedially in the calf. It runs anterior to tht emedial malleoulus and onto the dorsum of the foot. |
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Definition
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| Proximal limit is usually at the somewhat proximal popliteal vein and runs down the posterior calf to the end near the lateral malleolus. |
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Definition
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Term
| Proximal limit is at the axillary vein just below the clavicle. It runs down the arm lateral to the biceps muscle, then down the lateral forearm. |
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Definition
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Term
| Proximal limit is the distal limit of the axillary vein, at the level of the teres major tendons. It runs down the medial biceps muscle, near the brachial vessels, and, to the variable extent, down the medial forearm. |
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Definition
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| This vein joins the cephalic and basilic veins at about the level of the antecubital fossa. There are many possible variations here, including median cephalic and median basilic veins which join somewhere in the middle fo the antecubital fossa. |
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Definition
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| This vessel runs down the neck form the base fo the skull, along the lateral side of the internal carotid and common carotid arteries, and joins the subclavian vein to empty into the brachiocephalic vein. |
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Definition
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| These vessels collect flow from the internal jugular and subclavian veins on the right and left, then join together to empty into the superior vena cava. |
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Definition
| Brachiocephalic (Innominate) Veins |
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Term
What are the 4 ciculatory circuits and the function of each? |
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Definition
- Systemic: the portion of the cardiovascular system which transports oxygenated blood away from the heart, to the rest of the body, and returns oxygen-depleted blood back to the heart.
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Pulmonary: the portion of the cardiovascular system in which oxygen-depleted blood is pumped away from the heart, via the pulmonary artery, to the lungs and returned, oxygenated, to the heart via the pulmonary vein.
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Portal: responsible for directing blood from parts of the gastrointestinal tract to the liver.
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Renal: receives around 20% of the cardiac output. It branches from the abdominal aorta and returns blood to the ascending vena cava. It is the blood supply to the kidney, and contains many specialized blood vessels.
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Term
| Which circulartory circuit begins and ends as capillaries? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 5 types of blood vessels? |
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Definition
| Arteries, Arterioles, Capillaries, Venules, Veins |
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| Which type of blood vessel contains most of the blood volume and how much? |
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Definition
| Veins contain 2/3 to 3/4 of total blood volume. |
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| Which type of vessel consists of only one layer of endothelial cells? |
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Definition
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| Veins have approximately how much more cross sectional area than arteries at the same level? |
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Definition
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| Across which vessels does the greatest pressure drop occur? |
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Definition
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| What is the Vasa Vasorum? |
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Definition
| A network of small blood vessels that supply large blood vessels. |
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What are the 3 layers of vessel walls? |
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Definition
- Tunica adventitia: outer layer made up of connective tissue
- tunica media: middle layer with smooth muscle cells, elastin, and collagen. (Composition of this layer determines the vessels' mechanical properties)
- Tunica intima: smooth inner lining of vessels; single layer of endothelial cells.
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| What is the relative proportion of elastic to smooth muscle tissue in the media in proximal arteries versus distal arteries and why? |
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Definition
| Proximal arteries contain more elastin to absorb enery during systole, then put energy back during diastole, thus maintaining flow between heartbeats. |
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| What vessles are innovated by the sypathetic nervous system and what effect does it have? |
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Definition
| The Arterioles; the effect is vasodilation. |
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Term
| What effect do arterioles have on vascular resistance? |
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Definition
| When vessels dilate, the flow of blood is increased due to a decrease in vascular resistance. Therefore, dilation of arterioles lead to a decrease in blood pressure. When vessels constrict, the flow of blood is decreased due to a increase in vascular resistance. Therefore, constrcition of arterioles lead to a increase in blood pressure. |
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| What effect do arterioles have on localized flow? |
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Definition
| The greatest effect is due to local chemical factors. These are changes that occur during exercise in the extracellular fluid surrounding skeletal muscle cells. |
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Term
| How many leaflets are do veins have? |
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Definition
| two leaflet; sinus for better function |
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Term
| How do venous valves work in conjunction with the muscle pump to move blood proximally? |
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Definition
| Venous valves open and close in conjunction with the action of the valvulo-muscular pump. Venous valves open when the muscle is relaxed and closed during contration. This is to prevent backflow. |
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| How do venous valves counteract hydrostatc pressure? |
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Definition
| When venous valves are working correctly, every movement of the leg causes blood to be pumped inward and upward past a series of valves. |
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Term
| What are soleal sinuses, where are they and how do they work with the muscle pump? |
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Definition
| The soleal sinuses are veins that lie deeper in the soleus muscles (calf) and empty into the posterior tibial or peroneal veins. They act as the billows of the muscle pump. |
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Term
| How does the Tunica Intima normally preven vascular disease? |
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Definition
| Normally has anti-clotting, anti-platelet properties; interruption of these may start most vascular disease--both atherosclerosis and thrombosis |
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Term
| What does the hepatic artery perfuse? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the splenic artery perfuse? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the gastric artery perfuse? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the superior mesenteric artery perfuse? |
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Definition
| Supplies the intestine from the lower part of the duodenum through two-thirds of the transverse colon, as well as the pancreas. |
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Term
| What do the renal arteries perfuse? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many red blood cells are created and destroyed daily? |
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Definition
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| What is the significance of red blood cells? |
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Definition
| The oxygen binds to the hemoglobin within the cells and are carried throughout the blood stream to perfuse the cells. |
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| What is the significance of platelets? |
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Definition
| They have clotting properties for healing; however, the same properties can also initiate plaque and thrombus. |
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Term
| What is normal hemotocrit? |
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Definition
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Term
| What can an abnormal hemotocrit signify? |
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Definition
| A lowered hematocrit can imply significant hemorrhage. An elevated hematocrit can imply polycythmia. |
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Term
| What is the significance of white blood cells? |
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Definition
| They are the body's internal defense system. |
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Term
| How does blood flow in the lower extemities? |
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Definition
| Flow moves from superficial to deep via pertorating veins with one-way valves. |
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Term
| What is the diameter of a capillary? |
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Definition
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Term
Identify this vessel from the landmark:
The proximal limit of this artery is the adductor hiatus. |
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Definition
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Term
Identify this vessel from the landmark:
The proximal limit of this artery is the thoracic outlet. |
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Definition
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Term
Identify this vessel from the landmark:
These four arteries perfuse the Circle of Willis. |
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Definition
| Left & Right Vertebral Arteries and Left & Right Internal Carotid Arteries |
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Term
Identify this vessel from the landmark:
This is the first branch off the abdominal aorta; it divides almost immediately into these two arteries. |
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Definition
| The Ciliac Trunk, The Hepatic & Splenic Arteries |
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Term
Identify this vessel from the landmark:
This artery runs posterior to the tibia along most of its course. |
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Definition
| The Posterior Tibia Artery |
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Term
Identify this vessel from the landmark:
This artery runs along the adductor canal and ends as it passes through the adductor hiatus. |
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Definition
| The Superficial Femoral Artery |
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Term
Identify this vessel from the landmark:
The popliteal artery at its distal limit bifurcates into these two arteries. |
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Definition
| The Tibioperoneal & Anterior Tibia Arteries |
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Term
Identify this vessel from the landmark:
The inferior vena cava is (right/left) of the abdominal aorta. |
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Definition
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Term
Identify this vessel from the landmark:
The thyroid gland is usually (lateral/medial) to the common carotid artery. |
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Definition
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Term
Identify this vessel from the landmark:
The cephalic vein is (lateral/medial) to the brachial artery. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the total surface area for exchange in the capillaries? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the transit time within the capillaries? |
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Definition
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Term
| How much blood goes through the renal system? |
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Definition
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Definition
| The amount of deviation from the mean. |
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Term
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Definition
| The spread of solutes through random motion from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration. |
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Term
| What vessels do not have a tunica media? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which veins feed the main portal vein? |
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Definition
| Superior Mesenteric and Splenic veins. |
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Term
| Muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities. |
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Definition
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Term
| The triangular area on the anterior view of the elbow. |
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Definition
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Term
| This gland is found in the neck, inferior to the thyroid cartilage (which forms the laryngeal prominence, or "Adam's apple"). |
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Definition
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Term
| Muscle in the superficial layers of the anterior portion of the neck. |
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Definition
| Sternocleidomastoid muscle |
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Term
| Under clavicle and over 1st rib. |
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Definition
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Term
| A shallow depression located at the back of the knee joint. |
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Definition
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Term
| The prominence on the outer side of the ankle, formed by the lower end of the fibula. |
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Definition
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Term
| The prominence on the inner side of the ankle, formed by the lower end of the tibia. |
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Definition
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Term
| An aponeurotic tunnel in the middle third of the thigh, extending from the apex of the femoral triangle to the opening in the Adductor magnus, the Adductor hiatus. |
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Definition
| Adductor canal (Hunter's canal) |
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Term
| A gap between the adductor magnus muscle and the femur that allows the passage of the femoral vessels from the anterior thigh to the posterior thigh and then the popliteal fossa. It is the termination of the adductor canal and lies about 2 inches superior to the knee. |
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Definition
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| A band running from the pubic tubercle to the anterior superior iliac spine. |
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