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101
Vascular Exam
218
Medical
Professional
11/04/2011

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Cards

Term
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A
Definition
External Carotid Artery (ECA)
Term
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B
Definition
Internal Carotid Artery (ICA)
Term
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C
Definition
R. Subclavian Artery (Right Sub)
Term
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D
Definition
Brachiocephalic (Inominate) Artery
Term
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E
Definition
Ascending Aorta (Ascending Ao)
Term
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F
Definition
R. Brachial Artery
Term
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G
Definition
Abdominal Aorta (Abdominal Ao)
Term
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H
Definition
R. Common Iliac
Term
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I
Definition
R. Internal Iliac
Term
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J
Definition
R. Common Femoral
Term
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K
Definition
R. Deep Femoral (Profunda Femoris)
Term
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L
Definition
R. Popliteal Artery
Term
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M
Definition
R. Tibioperoneal Trunk
Term
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N
Definition
R. Dorsalis Pedis Artery
Term
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O
Definition
L. Posterior Tibial Artery
Term
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P
Definition
L. Peroneal Artery
Term
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Q
Definition
L. Anterior Tibial Artery
Term
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R
Definition
L. Superficial Femoral Artery
Term
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S
Definition
L. Ulnar Artery
Term
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T
Definition
L. Radial Artery
Term
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U
Definition
L. Brachial Artery
Term
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V
Definition
Descending Aorta
Term
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W
Definition
L. Axillary Artery
Term
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X
Definition
L. Common Carotid Artery
Term
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Y
Definition
L. External Iliac Artery
Term
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1
Definition
Thoracic Output (landmark)
Term
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2
Definition
Diaphragm (landmark)
Term
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3
Definition
Inguinal Ligament (landmark)
Term
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4
Definition
Aductor's Hiatus (landmark)
Term
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A
Definition
Ascending Aorta
Term
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B
Definition
R. Subclavian Artery
Term
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C
Definition
R. Vertebral Artery
Term
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D
Definition
R. Common Carotid Artery
Term
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E
Definition
R. Internal Carotid Artery
Term
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F
Definition
R. External Carotid Artery
Term
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G
Definition
L. Common Carotid Artery
Term
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H
Definition
L. Vertebral Artery
Term
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I
Definition
L. Subclavian Artery
Term
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J
Definition
Descending Ao
Term
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K
Definition
Brachiocephalic (Inominate) Artery
Term
[image]
A
Definition
Subclavian Artery
Term
[image]
B
Definition
Axillary Artery
Term
[image]
C
Definition
Brachial Artery
Term
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D
Definition
Radial Artery
Term
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E
Definition
Ulnar Artery
Term
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A
Definition
Subclavian Vein
Term
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B
Definition
Axillary Vein
Term
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C
Definition
Brachial Vein
Term
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D
Definition
Basilic Vein
Term
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E
Definition
Cephalic Vein
Term
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F
Definition
Medial Cubital Vein
Term
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G
Definition
Cephalic Vein
Term
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H
Definition
Basilic Vein
Term
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A
Definition
Celiac Trunk (Axis)
Term
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B
Definition
Splenic Artery
Term
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C
Definition
Hepatic Artery
Term
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Not shown but off the Celiac Trunk
Definition
Left Gasteric Artery
Term
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D
Definition
R. Renal Artery
Term
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E
Definition
Superior Mesenteric Artery
Term
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F
Definition
Inferior Vena Cava
Term
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G
Definition
R. Common Iliac Vein
Term
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H
Definition
R. Common Iliac Artery
Term
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I
Definition
L. Renal Artery
Term
[image]
J
Definition
L. Renal Vein
Term
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K
Definition
Abdominal Aorta
Term
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L
Definition
Inferior Mesenteric Artery
Term
[image]
M
Definition
L. Common Iliac Artery
Term
[image]
A
Definition
Abdominal Aorta
Term
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B
Definition
R. Common Iliac Artery
Term
[image]
C
Definition
R. Internal Iliac Artery
Term
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D
Definition
R. External Iliac Artery
Term
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E
Definition
Common Femoral Artery
Term
[image]
F
Definition
Superficial Femoral Artery
Term
[image]
G
Definition
Deep Femoral Artery
Term
[image]
H
Definition
Popliteal Artery
Term
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I
Definition
Anterior Tibial Artery
Term
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J
Definition
Tibioperoneal Trunk
Term
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K
Definition
Posterior Tibial Artery
Term
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L
Definition
Peroneal Artery
Term
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A
Definition
Great Saphenous Vein
Term
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B
Definition
Small Saphenous Vein
Term
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C
Definition
Inferior Vena Cava
Term
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D
Definition
R. Common Iliac Vein
Term
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E
Definition
L. Common Iliac Vein
Term
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F
Definition
Femoral Vein
Term
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G
Definition
Inguinal Ligament (landmark)
Term
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H
Definition
Deep Femoral Vein
Term
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I
Definition
Anterior Tibial Vein
Term
[image]
J
Definition
Posterior Tibial Vein
Term
[image]
K
Definition
Perineal Vein
Term
[image]
A
Definition
Popliteal Artery
Term
[image]
B
Definition
Anterior Tibial Artery
Term
[image]
C
Definition
Posterior Tibial Artery
Term
[image]
D
Definition
Perineal Artery
Term
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E
Definition
Dorsalis Pedis
Term
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A
Definition
Digital Arteries
Term
[image]
B
Definition
Superficial Palmer Arch
Term
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C
Definition
Deep Palmer Arch
Term
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D
Definition
Ulnar Artery
Term
[image]
E
Definition
Radial Artery
Term
[image]
A
Definition
Dorsalis Pedis Artery
Term
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B
Definition
Planter Arch
Term
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C
Definition
Digital Arteries
Term
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A
Definition
Anterior Cerebral Artery
Term
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B
Definition
Anterior Communicating Artery
Term
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C
Definition
Middle Cerebral Artery
Term
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D
Definition
Posterior Communicating Artery
Term
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E
Definition
Posterior Cerebral Artery
Term
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F
Definition
Basilar Artery
Term
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G
Definition
Vertebral Artery
Term
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H
Definition
Internal Carotid Artery
Term
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I
Definition
Ophthalmic Artery
Term
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J
Definition
Carotid Syphon (landmark)
Term
Begins at the aortic valve of the heart.
Definition
Aorta
Term
The names of the vessle that is separated by the diaphragm.
Definition
Thoracic Descending Aorta and Abdominal Descending Aorta
Term
What happens to the Abdominal Aorta at about the level of the umbilius?
Definition
It ends and bifurcates into the Common Iliac Arteries.
Term
Is the first branch off the Aortic Arch and ends at the bifurcation into the Right Common Carotid and Right Subclavian Arteries.
Definition
Brachiocephalic (Innominate) Artery
Term
Is the second branch off the Aortic Arch and ends at the carotid bifucation.
Definition
Left Common Carotid Artery
Term
Is the third branch off the aortic arch and ends at the thoracic outlet.
Definition
Left Subclavian Artery
Term
Begins at the innominate bifurction and ends at the carotid bifurcation.
Definition
Right Common Carotid Artery.
Term
The artery that has the thyroid gland medial to it proximally and the internal jugular vein lateral to it.
Definition
Right Common Carotid Artery
Term
Begins at the common carotid bifurction and ends at the Circle of Wills.
Definition
Internal Carotid Artery
Term
The artery that at its distal end is called the carotid siphon.
Definition
Internal Carotid Artery
Term
Begins at the innominate bifurcation and ends at the thoracic outlet, passing over the first rib.
Definition
Right Subclavian Artery
Term
Begins at the thoracic outlet and ends at the lower border of the insertion of the teres major muscle in the upper arm.
Definition
Axillary Artery
Term
Begins at the insertion of the teres major muscle and ends at the bifurcation into the radial and ulnar arteries slightly distal to the level of the antecubital fossa.
Definition
Brachial Artery
Term
Begins at the proximal abdominal Aorta and ends quickly at the bifurcation into the hepatic artery on the right and the splenic artery on the left.
Definition
Celiac Trunk (Axis)
Term
Begins at the abdominal aorta just distal to the celiac trunk and branches to perfuse the small intestine.
Definition
Superior Mesenteric Artery
Term
Begins at the abdominal aorta, usually slightly superiorly to the right renal artery and usually arising swomwhat posterolaterally, and ends at the kidney.
Definition
Left Renal Artery
Term
Begins at the abdominal aorta just distal to the superior mesenteric artery and the left reanl artery, usually arising somewhat anterolaterally, and ends at the kidney.
Definition
Right Renal Artery
Term
Begins at the aortic bifurcation and ends at the bifurcation into the internal and external iliac arteries.
Definition
Common Iliac Artery
Term
Begins at the common iliac bifurcation and ends at the inguinal ligament.
Definition
External Iliac Artery
Term
Begins at the inguinal ligament and ends just distally at the bifurcation into supericial femoral and deep femoral arteries, at about the level of the sphenfemoral junction.
Definition
Common Femoral Artery
Term
Begins at the common femoral bifurcation, courses through the adductor canal in the mid thigh, and ends at the adductor hiatus about two-thirds of the way down the thigh.
Definition
Superficial Femoral Artery
Term
Begins at the adductor hiatus and ends just distal to the space at the bifurcation into anterior tibial and tibioperoneal trunk arteries.
Definition
Popliteal Artery
Term
Begins at the popliteal bifurcation, courses just deep to the interosseous membrane between tibia and fibula in the anterior lower leg, and ends at the bend of the ankle.
Definition
Anterior Tibial Artery
Term
Begins at the bend of the foot (distal anterior tibial artery) and ends about halfway down the dorsum of the foot as it bifurcates into planter arch arteries.
Definition
Forsalis Pedis Artery
Term
Begins at the polliteal bifurcation and ends at the bifurcation inot peroneal and posterior tibial arteries, about 1/4 of the way down the calf.
Definition
Tibioperoneal Trunk
Term
Begins at the tibioperoneal trunk bifurcation, courses medially near the tibia and finally posterior to the medial malleolus, and terminates in pedal branches.
Definition
Posterior Tibial Artery
Term
Begins at the tibioperoneal trunk bifurcation, courses near the posterior of the fibula, and ends near the lateral malleolus.
Definition
Peroneal Artery
Term
The proximal limit is the inguinal ligament; the distal limit is the division into the superficial femoral and deep femoral veins, about 1-2 cm distal to the arterial bifurcation.
Definition
Common Femoral Vein
Term
Accompanies the superficial femoral artery.
Definition
Femoral Vein
Term
Proximal limit is the common femoral vein at the saphenofemoral junction, just distal tot the inguinal ligament and at about the same level as the femoral-arterial bifurcation.
Definition
Great Saphenous Vein
Term
This vessel courses somewhat posteromedially in the thigh, then somewhat more anteromedially in the calf. It runs anterior to tht emedial malleoulus and onto the dorsum of the foot.
Definition
Great Saphenous Vein
Term
Proximal limit is usually at the somewhat proximal popliteal vein and runs down the posterior calf to the end near the lateral malleolus.
Definition
Small Saphenous Vein
Term
Proximal limit is at the axillary vein just below the clavicle. It runs down the arm lateral to the biceps muscle, then down the lateral forearm.
Definition
Cephalic Vein
Term
Proximal limit is the distal limit of the axillary vein, at the level of the teres major tendons. It runs down the medial biceps muscle, near the brachial vessels, and, to the variable extent, down the medial forearm.
Definition
Basilic Vein
Term
This vein joins the cephalic and basilic veins at about the level of the antecubital fossa. There are many possible variations here, including median cephalic and median basilic veins which join somewhere in the middle fo the antecubital fossa.
Definition
Median Cubital Vein
Term
This vessel runs down the neck form the base fo the skull, along the lateral side of the internal carotid and common carotid arteries, and joins the subclavian vein to empty into the brachiocephalic vein.
Definition
Internal Jugular Vein
Term
These vessels collect flow from the internal jugular and subclavian veins on the right and left, then join together to empty into the superior vena cava.
Definition
Brachiocephalic (Innominate) Veins
Term

What are the 4 ciculatory circuits and the function of each?

Definition
  1. Systemic: the portion of the cardiovascular system which transports oxygenated blood away from the heart, to the rest of the body, and returns oxygen-depleted blood back to the heart.
  2. Pulmonary: the portion of the cardiovascular system in which oxygen-depleted blood is pumped away from the heart, via the pulmonary artery, to the lungs and returned, oxygenated, to the heart via the pulmonary vein.
  3. Portal: responsible for directing blood from parts of the gastrointestinal tract to the liver.
  4. Renal: receives around 20% of the cardiac output. It branches from the abdominal aorta and returns blood to the ascending vena cava. It is the blood supply to the kidney, and contains many specialized blood vessels.
Term
Which circulartory circuit begins and ends as capillaries?
Definition
Portal system
Term
What are the 5 types of blood vessels?
Definition
Arteries, Arterioles, Capillaries, Venules, Veins
Term
Which type of blood vessel contains most of the blood volume and how much?
Definition
Veins contain 2/3 to 3/4 of total blood volume.
Term
Which type of vessel consists of only one layer of endothelial cells?
Definition
Capillaries
Term
Veins have approximately how much more cross sectional area than arteries at the same level?
Definition
About 4 times more
Term
Across which vessels does the greatest pressure drop occur?
Definition
Arterioles
Term
What is the Vasa Vasorum?
Definition
A network of small blood vessels that supply large blood vessels.
Term

What are the 3 layers of vessel walls?

Definition
  1. Tunica adventitia: outer layer made up of connective tissue
  2. tunica media: middle layer with smooth muscle cells, elastin, and collagen. (Composition of this layer determines the vessels' mechanical properties)
  3. Tunica intima: smooth inner lining of vessels; single layer of endothelial cells.
Term
What is the relative proportion of elastic to smooth muscle tissue in the media in proximal arteries versus distal arteries and why?
Definition
Proximal arteries contain more elastin to absorb enery during systole, then put energy back during diastole, thus maintaining flow between heartbeats.
Term
What vessles are innovated by the sypathetic nervous system and what effect does it have?
Definition
The Arterioles; the effect is vasodilation.
Term
What effect do arterioles have on vascular resistance?
Definition
When vessels dilate, the flow of blood is increased due to a decrease in vascular resistance. Therefore, dilation of arterioles lead to a decrease in blood pressure. When vessels constrict, the flow of blood is decreased due to a increase in vascular resistance. Therefore, constrcition of arterioles lead to a increase in blood pressure.
Term
What effect do arterioles have on localized flow?
Definition
The greatest effect is due to local chemical factors. These are changes that occur during exercise in the extracellular fluid surrounding skeletal muscle cells.
Term
How many leaflets are do veins have?
Definition
two leaflet; sinus for better function
Term
How do venous valves work in conjunction with the muscle pump to move blood proximally?
Definition
Venous valves open and close in conjunction with the action of the valvulo-muscular pump. Venous valves open when the muscle is relaxed and closed during contration. This is to prevent backflow.
Term
How do venous valves counteract hydrostatc pressure?
Definition
When venous valves are working correctly, every movement of the leg causes blood to be pumped inward and upward past a series of valves.
Term
What are soleal sinuses, where are they and how do they work with the muscle pump?
Definition
The soleal sinuses are veins that lie deeper in the soleus muscles (calf) and empty into the posterior tibial or peroneal veins. They act as the billows of the muscle pump.
Term
How does the Tunica Intima normally preven vascular disease?
Definition
Normally has anti-clotting, anti-platelet properties; interruption of these may start most vascular disease--both atherosclerosis and thrombosis
Term
What does the hepatic artery perfuse?
Definition
The liver
Term
What does the splenic artery perfuse?
Definition
The spleen
Term
What does the gastric artery perfuse?
Definition
The stomach
Term
What does the superior mesenteric artery perfuse?
Definition
Supplies the intestine from the lower part of the duodenum through two-thirds of the transverse colon, as well as the pancreas.
Term
What do the renal arteries perfuse?
Definition
The kidneys
Term
How many red blood cells are created and destroyed daily?
Definition
2-Billion per day
Term
What is the significance of red blood cells?
Definition
The oxygen binds to the hemoglobin within the cells and are carried throughout the blood stream to perfuse the cells.
Term
What is the significance of platelets?
Definition
They have clotting properties for healing; however, the same properties can also initiate plaque and thrombus.
Term
What is normal hemotocrit?
Definition
Usually 42%±
Term
What can an abnormal hemotocrit signify?
Definition
A lowered hematocrit can imply significant hemorrhage. An elevated hematocrit can imply polycythmia.
Term
What is the significance of white blood cells?
Definition
They are the body's internal defense system.
Term
How does blood flow in the lower extemities?
Definition
Flow moves from superficial to deep via pertorating veins with one-way valves.
Term
What is the diameter of a capillary?
Definition
8 microns
Term
Identify this vessel from the landmark:
The proximal limit of this artery is the adductor hiatus.
Definition
The Popliteal Artery
Term
Identify this vessel from the landmark:
The proximal limit of this artery is the thoracic outlet.
Definition
The Axilliary Artery
Term
Identify this vessel from the landmark:
These four arteries perfuse the Circle of Willis.
Definition
Left & Right Vertebral Arteries and Left & Right Internal Carotid Arteries
Term
Identify this vessel from the landmark:
This is the first branch off the abdominal aorta; it divides almost immediately into these two arteries.
Definition
The Ciliac Trunk, The Hepatic & Splenic Arteries
Term
Identify this vessel from the landmark:
This artery runs posterior to the tibia along most of its course.
Definition
The Posterior Tibia Artery
Term
Identify this vessel from the landmark:
This artery runs along the adductor canal and ends as it passes through the adductor hiatus.
Definition
The Superficial Femoral Artery
Term
Identify this vessel from the landmark:
The popliteal artery at its distal limit bifurcates into these two arteries.
Definition
The Tibioperoneal & Anterior Tibia Arteries
Term
Identify this vessel from the landmark:
The inferior vena cava is (right/left) of the abdominal aorta.
Definition
Right
Term
Identify this vessel from the landmark:
The thyroid gland is usually (lateral/medial) to the common carotid artery.
Definition
Medial
Term
Identify this vessel from the landmark:
The cephalic vein is (lateral/medial) to the brachial artery.
Definition
Lateral
Term
What is the total surface area for exchange in the capillaries?
Definition
500 m²
Term
What is the transit time within the capillaries?
Definition
1-3 seconds
Term
How much blood goes through the renal system?
Definition
20% Cardiac Output
Term
What is pulsultility?
Definition
The amount of deviation from the mean.
Term
What is diffusion?
Definition
The spread of solutes through random motion from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration.
Term
What vessels do not have a tunica media?
Definition
Venules and capillaries
Term
Which veins feed the main portal vein?
Definition
Superior Mesenteric and Splenic veins.
Term
Muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities.
Definition
Diaphragm
Term
The triangular area on the anterior view of the elbow.
Definition
Antecubital fossa
Term
This gland is found in the neck, inferior to the thyroid cartilage (which forms the laryngeal prominence, or "Adam's apple").
Definition
Thyroid
Term
Muscle in the superficial layers of the anterior portion of the neck.
Definition
Sternocleidomastoid muscle
Term
Under clavicle and over 1st rib.
Definition
Thoracic outlet
Term
A shallow depression located at the back of the knee joint.
Definition
Popliteal fossa
Term
The prominence on the outer side of the ankle, formed by the lower end of the fibula.
Definition
Lateral malleolus
Term
The prominence on the inner side of the ankle, formed by the lower end of the tibia.
Definition
Medial Malleolus
Term
An aponeurotic tunnel in the middle third of the thigh, extending from the apex of the femoral triangle to the opening in the Adductor magnus, the Adductor hiatus.
Definition
Adductor canal (Hunter's canal)
Term
A gap between the adductor magnus muscle and the femur that allows the passage of the femoral vessels from the anterior thigh to the posterior thigh and then the popliteal fossa. It is the termination of the adductor canal and lies about 2 inches superior to the knee.
Definition
Adductor hiatus
Term
A band running from the pubic tubercle to the anterior superior iliac spine.
Definition
Inguinal ligament
Term
[image]
A
Definition
Vaso Vasorum
Term
[image]
B
Definition
Artery
Term
[image]
C
Definition
Arterioles
Term
[image]
D
Definition
Capillary Bed
Term
[image]
E
Definition
Venules
Term
[image]
F
Definition
Vein
Term
[image]
G
Definition
Tunica Adventitia
Term
[image]
H
Definition
Tunica Media
Term
[image]
I
Definition
Tunica Intima
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