Term
| Define and give an example of consciousness. |
|
Definition
| aware of one's own existence, sensations, thoughts, surroundings, etc. 2. fully aware of or sensitive to something (often fol. by of): conscious of one's |
|
|
Term
| Why is consciousness important to survival? |
|
Definition
| If you're not conscious then you will not be as aware and you have more of a chance for something to happen to you. ChaCha! |
|
|
Term
| visual selective attention |
|
Definition
| Selective attention is focusing concentration on a single stimulus or class of stimuli to the exclusion of others. |
|
|
Term
| Distinguish between sensation and perception. |
|
Definition
sensation A physical feeling or perception resulting from something that happens to or comes into contact with the body.
perception the state of being or process of becoming aware of something in such a way |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Accessory structure
Each of our 6 senses, or sensory modes, has a related accessory structure that helps relay external information to our brain. The accessory structure associated with our visual sense is our eyes. Our olfactory sense, our nose. Our tactile sense, receptor cells in our fingertips & feet. Our gustatory sense, our tongue. Our auditory sense our lugs. Or ears for those outwith Scotland! Finally, our kinaesthetic sense relies on our ears, eyes, and sense of touch. Our kinaesthetic sense is a good example of cross-modal transfer, which is where our senses pool information. This gives us maximum sensory information about stimuli in our world. Hugely important in determining how we behave in our environment/react to our environment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the transformation of sensory stimulus energy into a cellular signal, such as a receptor potential. |
|
|
Term
List the functions of the cornea, pupil, iris, and lens. What is the correct sequence of the
structures as light passes through the eye? |
|
Definition
| The order in which light passes through the eye are: cornea, pupil, lens, vitreous chamber, retina/receptors, and optic nerve. |
|
|
Term
| What are the photoreceptors of the eye? |
|
Definition
| The retina contains two types of photoreceptors, rods and cones. |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between cones and rods? |
|
Definition
| Cones-responsible for vision during daylight and for the ability to see colors. rod receptors in the retina respond to faint light |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The eardrum is the tympanic membrane which vibrates and transmits sound to the middle ear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The malleus is a hammer-shaped small bone of the middle ear. It transmits the sound vibrations from the eardrum to the incus. |
|
|
Term
| what is the anvil inner ear |
|
Definition
| The incus or anvil is the anvil-shaped small bone or ossicle in the middle ear. It connects the malleus to the stapes. It was first described by Alessandro Achillini of Bologna. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| There are three bones in the middle ear, between the eardrum and the oval window of the inner ear: the malleus, incus, and stapes. These are called the auditory ossicles. The stapes resembles a stirrup |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An opening in the wall of the middle ear, leading to the inner ear, containing the footplate of the stapes, which transmits: etc |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cochlea: The organ of the inner ear that converts mechanical vibrations into electrical impulses. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Basilar membrane n. The membrane of the organ of Corti in the inner ear, containing hair cells that convert sound waves to impules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| air cells are the sensory receptors of both the auditory system and the vestibular system in all vertebrates. In mammals, the auditory hair cells are located within the organ of Corti on a thin basilar membrane in the cochlea of the inner ear. |
|
|
Term
| What are some causes of deafness? |
|
Definition
| Viruses and bacteria, low birth weight, problems with the structure of the skull bones, and listening to loud music are linked. |
|
|
Term
| e process of visual perception, |
|
Definition
| he occipital lobe controls visual perception and processes visual information, including color recognition, and then sends the information to the parietal and temporal lobes. The occipital lobe is known as the brain's visual processing center |
|
|
Term
| Define figure-ground perception |
|
Definition
| he process of using the senses to acquire information about the surrounding environment. |
|
|
Term
| estalt principles of “grouping |
|
Definition
| he Gestalt Principles are similarity, continuation, closure, proximity, figure and ground |
|
|
Term
| binocular and monocular cues |
|
Definition
| Monocular cues allow relative distance and depth to be judged. Binocular cues require both eyes to be used together. |
|
|
Term
| How do optical/visual illusions occur? |
|
Definition
Optical illusions, more appropriately known as visual illusions, involves visual deception. Due to the arrangement of images, effect of colors, impact of light source or other variable, a wide range of misleading visual effects can be seen.
If you've ever struggled to see the hidden image in a single-image stereogram, you may have discovered that not everyone experience visual illusions in the same way. For some illusions, some people simply are not able to see the effect.
While optical illusions can be fun and interesting, they also reveal a great deal about the working of the brain. Learn more about some of the most famous optical illusion and discover exactly how and why these visual illusions occur. |
|
|
Term
| primacy and recency effects |
|
Definition
| Example of Recency Effect: Given a list of items to remember, we will tend to remember the last few things more than those things in the middle. We also tend to assume that items at the end of the list are of greater importance or significance. |
|
|
Term
| Define consolidation and amnesia |
|
Definition
| Consolidate: to bring together (separate parts) into a single or unified whole. Amnesia is a partial or total loss of memory: "he has a total blackout for events of the evening |
|
|
Term
| Define and differentiate anterograde and retrograde amnesia |
|
Definition
| Retrograde is Reverting to an earlier or inferior condition, anterograde is Moving forward or extending forward. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What memory system is affected by these effects of
forgetting |
|
Definition
| memory parts most likly long term memory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a demonstration of the reaction time of a task. When the name of a color (e.g., "blue," "green," or "red") is printed in a color not denoted by the name (e.g., the word "red" printed in blue ink instead of red ink), naming the color of the word takes longer and is more prone to errors than when the color of the ink matches the name of the color. |
|
|
Term
Why is selective attention
important in memory? |
|
Definition
| because your brian dosnt have unlimted decodeing ability's |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) phenomenon refers to the experience of feeling confident that one knows an answer, yet is unable to produce the word. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Flashbulb memories are distinctly vivid concrete, long-lasting memories about important events. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| False memory is where you have a memory of something you think happened, but it actually didn't. It's more found in children. |
|
|
Term
| what are the problems associated with eyewitness testimony in the courtroom. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the best studying |
|
Definition
| Active Study Techniques: create lists and use mnemonics to memorize them, write notes, create charts, and work with a partner |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between short term memory and long term memory |
|
Definition
| Short term memory you commit to memory long enough to use it.Long term is something you focused on to commit to long term memory. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chunking:1:put together indiscriminately; 2:(psychology) the configuration of smaller units of information into large coordinated units; 3:group or chunk together in a certain order or place side by side. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Iconic and echoic are forms of sensory memory. Iconic refers to visual (sight) memory and echoic refers to audible (sound) memory. |
|
|
Term
| Define and give an example of consciousness |
|
Definition
| Definition: The use of words (such as hiss or murmur) that imitate the sounds associated with the objects or actions they refer to. Adjective: onomatopoeic or onomatopoetic. "Plop, plop, fizz, fizz, oh what a relief it is." (slogan of Alka Seltzer, U.S.) ChaCha on! |
|
|
Term
| Why is consciousness important |
|
Definition
| If you're not conscious then you will not be as aware and you have more of a chance for something to happen to you. ChaCha! |
|
|
Term
| we choose to pay attention to certain stimuli? |
|
Definition
| Selective Sensory Perception is the notion that the mind will choose to pay conscious attention to certain sensory stimuli while ignoring other stimuli |
|
|
Term
| What is a “dichotic” listening task? |
|
Definition
| Dichotic listening is a procedure commonly used to investigate selective attention in the auditory system. ChaCha on today! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| eripheral vision loss, Floaters, Flashes, Blurred vision, Double vision, Vision changes, Eye symptoms and Eye pain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The word "that" is used to indicate a person, thing, idea, state, event, time, remark, etc., as pointed out or present, mentioned before, supposed to be understood, or by way of emphasis. |
|
|
Term
| . Give examples of altered states of consciousness |
|
Definition
) Drug induced states
2) Guided imagery
3) Hypnosis
4) Meditation
5) Trance/mysticism
6) Sleep/Beta
7) Love
8) Lucid Dreaming
9) Fever
10) Prayer
11) Sleep deprivation
12) Psychosis
13) Oxygen deprivation/suffocation/anoxia
14) Runners high
15) "Rapture of the deep" (inert gas narcosis) |
|
|
Term
| Give examples of types of meditation |
|
Definition
| meditation can induce an altered state of consciousness.[147] Such altered states of consciousness may correspond to altered neuro-physiologic states.[148] |
|
|
Term
| describe the effects of meditation |
|
Definition
Some of the physical effects include:
Stabilizing blood pressure
Lowering heart rate and respiratory rate
Reducing stress hormones
Slowing the aging process
Improving mental functioning
Improving brain wave coherence
Improving the strength of the immune system
Some of the psychological effects include:
Decreasing stress, anxiety, and depression
Decreasing the fear of death
Increasing joy of living
Increasing positive emotions attitude toward life
Increasing self-confidence
Increasing spiritual awareness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hypnotism is the science dealing with the induction of hypnosis. or the act of hypnotizing or hypnosis. ChaCha anything!!! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hypnotic susceptibility is a person's ease to go into a deep state of hypnosis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hypnotic susceptibility is a person's ease to go into a deep state of hypnosis. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the first four stages of sleep |
|
Definition
| The 4 stages of sleep are: stage 1: drowsiness, stage 2: light sleep, stage 3 & 4: deep sleep. There is also REM or dream sleep. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Criteria for REM sleep includes not only rapid eye movement, but also low muscle tone and a rapid, low-voltage EEG; these features are easily discernible in |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Insomnia - the inability to obtain sufficient sleep, difficulty in falling asleep; sleeplessness. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| arcolepsy:1:a sleep disorder characterized by sudden and uncontrollable episodes of deep sleep |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sleep apnea - a common disorder in which you have one or more pauses in breathing or shallow breaths while you sleep. |
|
|
Term
| What happens if you try to go without sleep for long periods of time? |
|
Definition
| If you go for a long period of time without sleep your body starts to shut down |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Humans live in a world full of communication. Humans have a native language that separates them from other animals. It is developed within the first few years of life.By the time one is a child; he can speak and understand almost as well as an adul |
|
|
Term
| What is language acquisition? |
|
Definition
| The Language Acquisition Device is a hypothetical brain mechanism created to explain the human acquisition of language syntax. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| intelligence:1:information about recent and important events; 2:the ability to comprehend; to understand and profit from experience; 3:a unit responsible for gathering and interpreting information about an enemy; 4:secret information about an enemy (or potential enemy); 5:the operation of gathering information about an enemy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Spearman, who was an early psychometrician, found that schoolchildren grades across seemingly unrelated subjects were positively correlated, and proposed that these correlations reflected the influence of a dominant factor, which he termed g for "general" intelligence. |
|
|
Term
| Cattell’s theory of intelligence |
|
Definition
| Cattell's theory includes transitory states & systematic behavior changes from motivation & learning, as well as other factors |
|
|
Term
| eight types of Gardner’s neuropsychological theory |
|
Definition
| Linguistic, Logical-mathematical, Spatial, Bodily-Kinesthetic, Musical, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, & Naturalist intelligences |
|
|
Term
| how intelligence is measured. |
|
Definition
| An intelligence quotient, or IQ, is a score derived from one of several different standardized tests designed to assess intelligence. The term "IQ," was devised by the German psychologist William Stern in 1912 as a proposed method of scoring children's intelligence tests such as those developed by Alfred Binet and Théodore Simon in the early 20th Century. |
|
|
Term
| Wechsler intelligence test |
|
Definition
| The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children -IV is divided into fifteen subtests, ten of which formed part of the previous WISC III. The five new subtests include three core tests: Picture Concepts, Letter-Number Sequencing, Matrix Reasoning and two supplemental tests: Cancellation and Word Reasoning. The supplemental subtests are used to accommodate children in certain rare cases, or to make up for spoiled results which may occur from interruptions or other circumstances. |
|
|
Term
| purpose of culture-fair tests |
|
Definition
| The purposes of tests are to measure the amount of information a person has retained through different learning techniques. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thinking:1:judge or regard; look upon; judge; 2:expect, believe, or suppose; 3:recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection; 4:use or exercise the mind or one's power of reason in order to make inferences, decisions, or arrive at a solution or judgments; 5:have in mind as a purpose; 6:the process of using your mind to consider something carefully; 7:imagine or visualize; 8:focus one's attention on a certain state; 9:endowed with the capacity to reason. |
|
|
Term
| What are the differences between induction and |
|
Definition
| Deductive reasoning goes general to specific (top-down). Inductive reasoning: specific to broader generalizations and theories. |
|
|
Term
| What are the three stages of prenatal development in order of occurrence? |
|
Definition
| The three basic stages of prenatal development are conception, embryo, and fetus. Then they come out and the real fun begins! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When is the fetus most susceptible? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| reflexes that are present at birth |
|
Definition
| (rooting, grasping, sucking) |
|
|
Term
| Piaget’s four stages of cognitive development |
|
Definition
| The stages are - Sensory Motor Period, Preoperational Period, Period of Concrete Operations & Period of Formal Operations. |
|
|
Term
| What is the “strange situation”? |
|
Definition
| The "strange situation" is a laboratory procedure used to assess infant attachment style. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Authoritarian parents believe in holding their children to a very high level of achievement and status |
|
|
Term
| What is permissive parenting? |
|
Definition
| Permissive parents believe that showing their child love and feeling loved, in return, is the ultimate goal in parenting. Permissive parents tend to avoid conflict at any cost. Discipline and limits are often missing from the permissive household. |
|
|
Term
| What is authoritative parenting? |
|
Definition
| Authoritative parents are highly demanding and directive, but not responsive.They expect orders to be obeyed without explanation. |
|
|
Term
| three stages of moral reasoning suggested by Kohlberg |
|
Definition
| Stage 1. Obedience and Punishment Orientation. Stage 2. Individualism and Exchange. Stage 3. Good Interpersonal Relationships etcKohlberg's 3 levels of moral reasoning are, preconventional morality, conventional morality, and postconventional morality. Kohlberg's 3 levels of moral reasoning are, preconventional morality, conventional morality, and postconventional morality. |
|
|
Term
| what is Erickson’s social development theory |
|
Definition
| Erikson's social development theory states that, in each stage, people experience a conflict that serves as a turning point in development. In Erikson’s view, these conflicts are centered on either developing a psychological quality or failing to develop that quality. During these times, the potential for personal growth is high, but so is the potential for failure. |
|
|
Term
| different patterns of identity formation |
|
Definition
y
foreclosure, moratorium, diffusion, achievement) |
|
|
Term
| Erickson’s social development theory |
|
Definition
| One of his most influential ideas was the emergence of mind and self from the communication process between organisms, discussed in Mind, Self and Society, also known as social behaviorism |
|
|
Term
| Differentiate between cross-sectional and longitudinal research |
|
Definition
| Cross-sectional studies (also known as Cross-sectional analysis) form a class of research methods that involve observation of all of a population, or a representative subset, at a defined time. A longitudinal study is a correlational research study that involves repeated observations of the same items over long periods of time - often many decades. |
|
|
Term
| cognitive differences over the life-span |
|
Definition
| Cognitive is a developing of processes like perception and reasoning. Psychosocial is between social factors, like emotions etc |
|
|
Term
| How does one attitude toward aging affect scores on tests of memory? |
|
Definition
| ypically if you think you'll do well on something you will do better than if you thought you'd do poorly. If you think age will affect you, then it will. |
|
|
Term
| Describe Alzheimer’s disease |
|
Definition
| A person with Alzheimer disease has decreased amounts of neurotransmitters. People with Alzheimer disease also develop deposits of protein and fiber that prevent the cells from working properly in the brain |
|
|
Term
| Kubler-Ross’ work on stages of dying |
|
Definition
| Kubler- Ross stages -- 1. Shock 2. Denial 3. Anger 4. Bargaining 5. Depression 6. Testing 7. Acceptance |
|
|
Term
| Kubler-Ross’ work on stages of dying and the merits of her work |
|
Definition
five stages to explain grief
Don’t quote “common wisdom” as truth
Remember that complicated grief is the exception, not the rule
Don’t confuse grief with trauma responses.
Use science as a helpful guide but not the only guide
Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, M.D. was a psychiatrist and a pioneer in Near-death studies and the author of the groundbreaking book On Death and Dying (1969), where she first discussed what is now known as the Kübler-Ross model. The model is also known as The Five Stages of Grief. She also conducted many workshops on AIDS in different parts of the world. ChaCha! |
|
|
