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| The view that all human actions with out exception are determined |
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| (The denial of determinism) Maintains that not all human actions are determined |
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| The view that human actions have no impact on the outcome of events. Every event that happens is pre-destined to happen regardless of prior conditions |
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| All human actions are determined and are thus not free |
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| All human actions are determined but at least some, if not most, human actions are free. Avoidable acts are free, unavoidable acts are not. |
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| A variety of indeterminism. Some human actions are not determined, but also maintains they are not merely random. |
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| View that maintains determinism is compatible with human freedom |
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| Human capacity to make choices and impose those choices on the world. Being the ultimate cause of ones actions |
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| Agent as prime mover unmoved |
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| The unmoved mover is not moved by any prior action. Agent is man who has not been moved to act by an prior action.Free Will |
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| Free actions in the distant past that contribute to our character and values (Kane) |
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| "Choice Does Not Prove Freedom"-Explain |
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| Holbach(Hard determinism)-One might think that our ability to make choices proves that we are free. But the fact that you want to prove you have free will determines you to behave in this way |
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| "Absence of restraint is not absence of necessity"-Explain |
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| We see the absence of an obstacle before us as evidence of freedom, but our lack of freedom consists in the motive force from “behind us.” The rock prevented from falling by some object. Once the object is removed and the rock resumes falling, is it now free? (Holbach says “no”.) |
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| How does a soft determinist hold that all human actions are determined but some are free? |
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| We have volunatary choices. The person does what they want to do (even though the choice that they want to do is determined)Not free choices are being forced to do what you do not want to do...not all actions are free. |
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| What is a self-forming action in accordance to Cain. |
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| What allows for ultimacy of creation in Kane's picture are what he refers to as "self-forming actions" or SFAs — those moments of indecision during which people experience conflicting wills. These SFAs are the undetermined, regress-stopping voluntary actions or refrainings in the life histories of agents that are required for Ultimate Responsibility. UR does not require that every act done of our own free will be undetermined and thus that, for every act or choice, we could have done otherwise; it requires only that certain of our choices and actions be undetermined (and thus that we could have done otherwise), namely SFAs. These form our character or nature; they inform our future choices, reasons and motivations in action. If a person has had the opportunity to make a character-forming decision (SFA), he is responsible for the actions that are a result of his character. |
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