Term
| Trematode (flukes) general apperance |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Blood fluke, lung fluke, liver fluke |
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Term
| ALL trematodes are what kind of infection? |
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Definition
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Term
| Schistosomiasis - mode of transmission |
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Definition
| Contact (through skin by cercariae) |
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Term
| Schistosomiasis - geographical distribution |
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Definition
| S. mansoni (Africa, Eastern S. America); S. japonicum (SE Asia); S. haematobium (Africa) |
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Term
| Schistosomiasis - 3 varieties |
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Definition
| S. mansoni (mesenteric veins), S. japonicum (mesenteric veins), S. haematobium (bladder veins) |
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Term
| Schistosomiasis - intermediate/definite hosts, life cycle |
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Definition
| Eggs shed in feces (Mansoni, japonicum) or urine (haematobium); ingested by SNAILS (Intermediate), who produce cercariae; penetrates HUMAN (Definitive) skin |
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Term
| Schistosomiasis - adult form lives how long? Sheds how many eggs per day? What is responsible for pathology? |
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Definition
| Adult form lives 20-30 years. Produces 100s-1000s eggs/day; 50% of these eggs die, creating inflammation and pathology |
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Term
| S. mansoni/japonicum - Sx |
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Definition
| Portal hypertension, ascites, esophageal varicose veins, liver fibrosis, *pipestem fibrosis* - excessive fibrous tissues around portal veins/bile ducts |
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Term
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Definition
| Hematuria, bladder fibrosis, obstructive uropathy. (Rare: renal failure, hydronephrosis, carcinoma) |
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Term
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Definition
| Eggs in feces (M/J) or urine (H). ELISA can be used for all. Distinctive egg shapes for all three |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Paragonimus westermani - name, mode of transmission, classification |
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Definition
| Lung Fluke, ingestion, tissue disease |
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Term
| P. westermani - geographical distribution |
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Definition
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Term
| P. westermani - intermediate/definite host, life cycle |
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Definition
| Eggs shed in feces OR sputum; ingested by SNAIL (intermediate host), who releases cercariae that are ingested by CRUSTACEAN (2nd intermediate host), and those are ingested by HUMANS (definitive host) |
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Term
| P. westermani - infectious form |
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Definition
| Metacercariae (in uncooked/contaminated crustaceans). Snails carry cercariae but unlike Schistosomes, this is not the infectious form |
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Term
| P. westermani - migration in humans |
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Definition
| Swallowed --> to duodenum, or tissue invasion --> to lung |
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Term
| P. westermani - Sx (Acute and chronic) |
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Definition
| Acute - diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, cough, eosinophilia. Chronic - pulmonary (cough, discolored sputum), clusters of reddish-brown eggs (NOT blood), may persist 20 yrs |
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Term
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Definition
| Eggs in stool/sputum 2-3mo after infection, immunoDx to differentiate from TB |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Faciola hepatica - name, mode xmit, classification |
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Definition
| Liver fluke, ingestion, tissue disease |
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Term
| F. hepatica - geographical distribution |
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Definition
| Europe, Middle East, Africa (where raw watercress is eaten) |
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Term
| F. hepatica - intermediate/definitive host, life cycle |
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Definition
| Eggs shed in stool, ingested by SNAIL (intermediate host), cercariae go to water plants --> metacercariae, can be ingested by HUMANS, SHEEP, CATTLE (Definitive hosts) |
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Term
| F. hepatica - infectious form |
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Definition
| Metacercariae on water plants (uncooked vegetables) |
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Term
| F. hepatica - migration in humans |
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Definition
| To duodenum & hepatic biliary ducts |
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Term
| F. hepatica - Sx (Acute and chronic) |
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Definition
| Acute - diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, vomiting, enlarged liver; Chronic - bile duct blockage & inflammation |
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Term
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Definition
| Eggs in stool (broad ellipsoid, thin operculum at one end) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Cercarial dermatitis - classification |
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Definition
| Contact --> tissue infection (wander worm, wrong host) |
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Term
| Cercarial dermatitis - intermediate/defintive hosts |
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Definition
| Definitive host in BIRDS, intermediate host is MOLLUSKS. Water-borne cercariae can penetrate HUMANS (dead-end host) |
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Term
| Cercarial dermatitis - Sx |
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Definition
| Local red spot increases in size over 4-7d, can be treated with anti-inflamms |
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