Term
| Two types of clinically relevant helminths |
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Definition
| Platyhelminthes (flatworms), Nemathelminthes (roundworms) |
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Term
| Subdivisions of platyhelminthes |
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Definition
| Cestodes (tapeworms), trematodes (flukes) |
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Term
| Subdivision(?) of nemathelminthes |
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Definition
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Term
| Cestode (tapeworm) general properties |
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Definition
| Long body, scolex (=head) w/ suckers and/or hooks, proglottid (reproductive segments) |
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Term
| Trematode (fluke) general properties |
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Definition
| Leaf-shaped, ventral/oral suckers |
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Term
| Cestodes - Tegument? Body cavity? Digestive tract? |
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Definition
| Tegument in skin absorbs nutrients from host. NO body cavity OR digestive tract |
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Term
| Cestodes - head/neck, proglottids |
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Definition
| Scolex = head, containing hooks, rostellum, suckers. Neck region - site of proglottid formation |
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Term
| Cestodes -proglottid distribution |
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Definition
| Immature by neck, get more mature down the body towards the feces |
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Term
| Cestodes - general cycle? Which form causes damage (eggs/larvae/adults) |
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Definition
| Intermediate host ingests eggs, larvae hatch and penetrate intestinal wall, the LARVAE cause damage. Adults in intestine have virtually no effect. Eggs or proglottidis can be found in feces and are diagnostic |
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Term
| Fish Tapeworm - parasite name, mode of transmission, classification |
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Definition
| Diphyllobothrium latum - ingestion --> intestinal --> cestode |
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Term
| D. latum - definitive hosts (hosts that harbor sexually mature forms) |
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Definition
| Humans, bears, minks, other animals |
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Term
| D. latum - intermediate hosts/life cycle |
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Definition
| Eggs passed in feces, they embryonate, hatch, larval stages picked up by WATER FLEA (crustacean), then by bigger FISH, who are the source for human infection |
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Term
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Definition
| Epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, occasional intestinal obstruction, diarrhea. *Occasional megaloblastic anemia due to low B12 (worm takes it) |
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Term
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Definition
| Eggs w/ knob on bottom of shell; proglottids in feces |
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Term
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Definition
| Niclosamide, Prazyquantel |
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Term
| Dipylidiasis - parasite, transmission, classification |
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Definition
| Dipylidium caninum, Ingestion --> Intestinal --> Cestode |
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Term
| D. caninum - definitive hosts |
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Definition
| Pet owners, esp. children |
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Term
| D. caninum - intermediate hosts/life cycle |
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Definition
| Gravid proglottids passed in feces and release egg packets contaning embryonated eggs; ingested by larval FLEA, penetrate and form cystercoid. Fleas transmit infection to humans; animals can transmit fleas to humans |
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Term
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Definition
| Abdominal discomfort, anal pruritus, diarrhea |
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Term
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Definition
| Eggs ("packet" appearance) or proglottids in feces |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Beef tapeworm - parasite, transmission, classification |
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Definition
| Taenia saginata - ingestion --> intestinal --> Cestode |
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Term
| T. saginata - definitive hosts |
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Definition
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Term
| T. saginata - intermediate host/cycle |
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Definition
| OX & CATTLE must ingest grass contaminated with human feces + eggs/gravid proglottidis. Cysticercus (larval form) develops in their muscle tissue and larval form (not eggs) must be ingested by humans |
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Term
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Definition
| Abdominal discomfort, appendicitis, cholangitis (common bile duct infection), intestinal form more severe than T. solium but does NOT develop into cystercosis |
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Term
| Pork tapeworm - parasite, transmission, classification |
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Definition
| Taenia solium - ingestion --> intestinal OR tissue --> Cestode |
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Term
| T. solium - definitive host |
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Definition
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Term
| T. solium - intermediate host/cycle |
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Definition
| Similar to T. saginata but PIG harbor the cysticerci; HUMANS can also be int. host if ingesting contaminated water/feces, cysticercosis develops |
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Term
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Definition
| Less frequently symptomatic than T. saginata, but can develop into cysticercosis (tissue form) |
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Term
| Taeniasis - Dx (Intestinal) |
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Definition
| Eggs or gravid proglottidis in feces with characteristic shell |
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Term
| Taeniasis - Tx (Intestinal) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Tissue form of T. solium, can be asymptomatic, extracerebral (ocular, cardiac, spinal lesions and associated Sx) or cerebral (=neurocysticercosis, seizures, focal neurologic deficits, intracerebral lesions) |
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Term
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Definition
| Antibody detection, high IgE and eosinophils, biopsy, imaging |
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Term
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Definition
| Surgical removal; for neurocysticercosis, treat Sx: *anti-inflammatory corticoids* antiseizure med + antiparasite drugs (Albendazole, Mebendazole) |
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Term
| Hydatid worm - parasite, transmission, classification |
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Definition
| Echinococcus granulosus - Ingestion --> Tissue --> Cestode |
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Term
| E. granulosus - definitive host |
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Definition
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Term
| E. granulosus - intermediate host/cycle |
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Definition
| Eggs in dog feces consumed by LIVESTOCK (SHEEP), cysts form, dogs ingest cysts. HUMANS can also ingest dog feces to be intermediate host |
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Term
| E. granulosus - Sx (echinococcosis disease) |
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Definition
| May be silent for YEARS. Hepatic, pulmonary, brain, bone, and heart involvement. Rupture of cysts can cause eosinophilia, increased IgE, anaphylactic shock |
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Term
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Definition
| Antibody detection, confirm hydatid cyst with ultrasound/imaging + serology, fine needle biopsy |
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Term
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Definition
| Surgical removal of cysts, but since they contain larvae, risk of rupture. Albendazole, mebendazole after |
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