Hawthorn (Cratageus sp.)

Vitexin (C-Glycoside)

Animal Study:

- Enhance Coronary Blood Flow

- Positive Inotropic Effect

Clinical Study:

(+) Dyspnea, CHF

(-) GI, Cardiac Effects

Allicin (Thiosulfinate, converted from Alliin):see machanism below released when wet, unstable to heat

cloves (bulbs)

EC so not degraded in stomach

decrease lipid synth. & plate aggreg

(+) hypercholesterolemia

(-) GI upset

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Vitexin

From: Hawthorn

Effect: Antioxidant, Antibacterial

Allicin

From: Garlic

Horse chestnut

Aesculus hippo.

Aesin (triterpenoid glycos.-c30, nonpolar nucleus w/ 6 isoprene units)

aka saponins- makes froth/foam in H20

reduce lysosomal enz activity

(+)improve leg volume, pain, tension

peripheral edema, CVI

ohio buckeye

American horse chestnut

Devil's Claw

harpago. procumbens

iridoids (glycosides, cyclopentane rings) must be >1.2% using HPLC

(+)anti inflammatory- blocks COX (crude extract not effect)

(+)osteoarthritus, back pain

(-) GI upset

contra: ulcers

*NY study found similar, but not active constituents in Devil's claw study- adulteration of constituents- false advertising, alternate species in the same genus

Willow Bark

Salix sp.

Salicin (phenol glycoside) used to make Aspirin. converted to salicylic acid in the liver

(+)osteoarthritis, analgesic, inhib COX & PG synth

Aescin

From: Garlic

Harpagosides

Devil's Claw

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Salicin

Willow Bark

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