Term
| How many bones do adults have? Fetus? |
|
Definition
206 (>50% in hands and feet)
fetus has >300, some fuse |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 main architectural shapes of bones? |
|
Definition
| long, flat, sesamoid, irregular |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bones embedded in tendon (patella and sesamoids of hands) |
|
|
Term
| What is the axial skeleton? |
|
Definition
| central skeleton of cranium, thorax, and vertebral column (NOT pelvis, clavical or scapula) |
|
|
Term
| Bone resorption is the dominant state after ___ yoa. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Osteoblasts deposit ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| unmineralized form of bone matrix that is 90% composed of type 1 collagen |
|
|
Term
| What's the difference between an osteoblast and an osteocyte? |
|
Definition
| osteoblast is called an osteocyte once surrounded by osteoid and sits iwthin a lacunae |
|
|
Term
| Where do osteoblasts come from? |
|
Definition
| differentiate from progenitor cells in periosteum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| large (100um) mutlinucleated bone resorbing cells that are stimulated by PTH and reside in resorption bays |
|
|
Term
| How do osteoclasts resorb bone? |
|
Definition
| create an acidic environment in their resorption bays |
|
|
Term
| When en utero does bone formation occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which genes control bone formation/embryology? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do you call the place at which bone formation occurs en utero? |
|
Definition
| primary ossification center |
|
|
Term
| During development, woven bone is replaced by... |
|
Definition
| lamellar bone, which is orderly, stronger and the normal adult type of bone |
|
|
Term
| Describe the first type of bone formed in utero. |
|
Definition
| "woven bone" randomly deposited and weaker because mixed with cartilage. |
|
|
Term
| When is woven bone normal? |
|
Definition
| fetuses and grwoth plates of kids; abnormal in adult |
|
|
Term
| What types of bone formation process is used to heal bone? |
|
Definition
| endochondral and intramembranous |
|
|
Term
| Bone formation during childhood growth is achieved via what process? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's another name for childhood growth of bone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe endochondral growth? |
|
Definition
| beings in hyaline cartilage; requires chondrocyte to proceed through three main stages before osteoblast can produce osteoid (proliferation, hypertrophy, calcification, ossification) |
|
|
Term
| What happens during each stage of endochondral bone formation? |
|
Definition
proliferaiton: conchrocytes proliferate forming stackes
hypertrophy: chondrocytes enlarge and start making collagen
calcification: chondrocytes die and cartilage is calcified
ossification: osteoblasts invade tissue to make osteoid which later mineralizes into bone |
|
|
Term
| Which bones form en utero via intramembranous formation? |
|
Definition
| fetal cranium and clavicle |
|
|
Term
| Describe the process of intramembranous bone formation. |
|
Definition
| requires a group (nodule) of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in medullary cavity to differentiate into osteoblast |
|
|
Term
| What is the #1 bone lesion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are two types of fractures that are not entirely due to trauma? |
|
Definition
pathologic fracture: underlying bone is abnormal
stress fracture: due to repetitive physical stress |
|
|
Term
| What are the types of fracture? |
|
Definition
| incomplete versus complete; simple versus compound, displaced |
|
|
Term
| What are the three stages of bone fracture healing? |
|
Definition
| early fracture stage, repair or callus stage and remodeling |
|
|
Term
| Describe the early fracture stage. |
|
Definition
| 1st 48 hours; characterized by hematoma and inflammation |
|
|
Term
| Describe the repair or callus stage. |
|
Definition
granulation tissue for 2-12 days
soft callus (aka procallus) for 10 days (primary cartilaginous, no rigidity,)
hard callus (14-21 days) bone deposited, woven at first, weight bearing |
|
|
Term
| How long does bone remodeling take? |
|
Definition
| original cortex reconstituted, occurs over months to years |
|
|
Term
| Hertiable skeletal disorder due to a collagen defect = |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hertiable skeletal disorder due to fibroblast growth factor receptor defects = |
|
Definition
| achondroplasia or thanatophoric dwarfism |
|
|
Term
| What type of collagen is affected in OI? |
|
Definition
| one (alpha1/alpha2 chains) |
|
|
Term
| What characteristics of the bones cause pathology in pts with OI? |
|
Definition
| too little bone and under-mineralized or britte bones |
|
|
Term
| What are the histological characteristics of OI? |
|
Definition
| early endochondral stages normal; no calcification or ossification; decreased osteoid, increase in woven bone |
|
|
Term
| Which type of OI is associated with perinatal death? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of OI is associated with blue sclarae? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What types of OI are associated with abnormal teeth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What types of OI are associated with hearing loss? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the general inheritance pattern of OI? |
|
Definition
| most are AD (exception is II and some III) |
|
|
Term
| What is the number one growth plate disorder? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the prevalence of achondroplasia veruss thanatophoric dwarfism? |
|
Definition
| 1/20,000 achondroplasia; 1/30,000 thanatophoric |
|
|
Term
| Compare/contrast the mutations associated with achondroplasia and thanatophoric dwarfism. |
|
Definition
| FGFR3 (4p) mutation= abnormal endochondral bone formation, specifically abnormal chondrocyte proliferation |
|
|
Term
| Compare/contrast the differences in apperance of achondroplasia and thanatophoric dwarfism? |
|
Definition
both have: rhizomelic limb shortening, relative macrocephaly with frontal bossing
A: normal thorax
T: small thorax -> pulmonary hypoplasia and death |
|
|
Term
| What is the histological appearance of achondroplasia and thanatophoric dwarfism? |
|
Definition
| no columnization of chondrocytes in endochondral bone formation |
|
|
Term
| What disease is caused by defective osteoblasts that can't keep up with destructive work of the osteoclasts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What bone disorder is caused by defective osteoclasts that can't effectively remodel the bone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an example of a mixed osteoblast-osteoclast defective disorder? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the definition of osteoporosis? |
|
Definition
| accelerated bone loss such that bone mineral density (BMD) is less than or equal to 2.5 SDs below STM |
|
|
Term
| What is the expected age-related bone loss per year? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is primary osteoporosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is secondary osteoporosis? |
|
Definition
| osteoporosis d/t steroid use, cancer, or hyperparathyroidism |
|
|
Term
| What are the risk factors for primary osteoporosis? |
|
Definition
| female, >70 yoa, caucasian, early menopause and/or decrease estrogen, inactivity, smoking, EtOH, caffeine, decreased dietary calcium |
|
|
Term
| What is the gross pathology of osteoporosis? |
|
Definition
| vertebral collapse (compresson fractures), loss of height, kyphosis, pelvic/femoral neck fractures |
|
|
Term
| What is the histology of osteoporosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are two alternate names for osteopetrosis? |
|
Definition
| marble bone disease, albers-schonberg disease |
|
|
Term
| What is the gros pathology of osteopetrosis? |
|
Definition
| thick, "erlenmeyer flask" shaped brittle bones with no medullary canal |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical manifestations of osteopetrosis? |
|
Definition
| fractures, cytopeias, infection |
|
|
Term
| What is the histology of osteopetrosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What causes osteopetrosis? |
|
Definition
| genetic; AD is less serious, AR results in neonatal death |
|
|
Term
| What's another name for pagets disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What causes paget's disease? |
|
Definition
| idiopathic (viral? genetic?) |
|
|
Term
| How common is paget's disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are teh symptoms of paget's disease? |
|
Definition
| most are asymptomatic; dx, usually incidental xray. Pain is the MC compliant. Also leontiasis, transferse (chalkstick) fractures. |
|
|
Term
| People with Paget's disease are predisposed to... |
|
Definition
| bone tumors both benign (giant cell tumors) and malignant (osteosarcoma) Usually in severe type after 20 yrs of disease |
|
|
Term
| Where does paget's disease occur? |
|
Definition
| 85% are polyostotic (axial skeleton, proximal femur, tibia, clavical) |
|
|
Term
| What are the three stages of Paget's disease? |
|
Definition
| 1) lytic/osteoclastic 2) mixed/osteoblastic 3) sclerotic |
|
|
Term
| Describe stage 1 paget's disease. |
|
Definition
| lytic/osteoclastic: osteoclasts increased, abnormally large and have increased numbers of nuclei |
|
|
Term
| Describe stage 2 paget's disease. |
|
Definition
mixed/osteoblastic: osteoblasts are increased, abundant
osteoid: woven and lamellar bone, some osteoclasts remain |
|
|
Term
| Describe stage 3 paget's disease. |
|
Definition
| sclerotic: oss of osteoclasts, all woven bone replaced by lamellar bone, laid down in a mosaic pattern in thick spicules |
|
|
Term
| Osteomyelitis requires what diagnostic tests? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the MC osteomyelitits organism? |
|
Definition
| staphylococcus aureus (80%) |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common osteomyelitis organism in neonates? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common osteomyelitis microorganism for sickle cell pts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common microorganism in osteomyelitis post trauma? |
|
Definition
| polymicrobial and anaerobes |
|
|
Term
| What percent of TB patients have osteomyelitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| TB osteomyelitis of vertebrae |
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of osteomyelitis? |
|
Definition
| fever, point tenderness, high WBCs, ESR, CRP |
|
|
Term
| What perecent of osteomyelitis cases fail treatment and become chronic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the complications of chronic osteomyelitis? |
|
Definition
| fracture, sepsis, endocarditis, malignancy |
|
|
Term
| What does osteomyelitis look like on xray? |
|
Definition
| lytic focus with sclerotic rim |
|
|
Term
| What is the gross pathology of osteomyelitis? |
|
Definition
| sequestrum, involucru, subperiosteal abscess, draining sinus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| infected bone that undergoes necrosis and can house viable bacteria for years |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| new bone growth around site during healing |
|
|
Term
| Is a tumor in the bone likely to be metastatic or primary? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What percent of primary bone tumors are benign/malignant? |
|
Definition
| benign (60%) > malignant (40%) |
|
|
Term
| What population more commonly gets primary bone tumors? |
|
Definition
childhood-young adult (bone tumors in elderly are more likely malignant)
males > females |
|
|
Term
| Primary bone tumors are more common in what types of bones? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To diagnose a bone tumor it is important to note... |
|
Definition
| site of tumor within bone and Xray appearance of tumor |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common site for bone tumors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the different cell types bone tumors can arise from? |
|
Definition
| hematopoietic (40%), cartilage (25%), bone (20%), fibrous (5%), miscellaneous (10%) |
|
|
Term
| List benign and malignant bone tumors of the cartilage. |
|
Definition
benign= chondroma, osteochondroma
malignant= chondrosarcoma |
|
|
Term
| List the benign and malignant bone tumors of the bone. |
|
Definition
benign= osteoma, osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma
malignant= osteogenic sarcoma |
|
|
Term
| What are the benign and malignant types of fibrous bone tumors? |
|
Definition
benign: nonossifying fibroma and fibrous dysplasia
malignant= fibrosarcoma |
|
|
Term
| Name the benign and malignant miscellaneous types of bone tumors. |
|
Definition
benign: giant cell tumor
malignant: ewing sarcoma |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common primary bone malignancy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What populations most commonly gets multiple myeloma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does multiple myloma occur? |
|
Definition
| polyostotic; axial sekelton>appendicular, vertebrae (65%), ribs (45%), skull (40%) |
|
|
Term
| How does multiple myeloma present? |
|
Definition
| pain and pathologic fracture; recurrent infection, renal failure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| subtype of MM; solitary lesion of bone or soft tissue, may progress to full muliple myeloma |
|
|
Term
| What does MM look like on xray? |
|
Definition
| lytic, punched-out lesions |
|
|
Term
| What does MM look like grossly? |
|
Definition
| multiple small, round depressed lesions |
|
|
Term
| What does MM look like histologically? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does chondroma occur and in what age range? |
|
Definition
| hands/feet (60%); diaphysis; >30 yoa |
|
|
Term
| Where does osteochondroma occur and in what age range? |
|
Definition
| long bones (30% in the knee), meta/epiphyseal junction, <30 yoa (males 3:1) |
|
|
Term
| Where does chondrosarcoma occur and in what age range? |
|
Definition
| axial skeleton and proximal femur; >40 yoa |
|
|
Term
| What's another name for osteochondroma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How big are osteochondromas? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are chondromas and osteochondromas painful? |
|
Definition
| only if they impinge upon a nerve |
|
|
Term
| What is the chance of malignant transformation of osteochondroma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the chance of malignant transformation of chondroma? |
|
Definition
| 1% malignant transformation |
|
|
Term
| Are osteochondromas more commonly solitary or multiple? |
|
Definition
solitary
muliple in multiple hereditary exostoses (AD) with <10% malignant transformation |
|
|
Term
| What is teh MC benign bone tumor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is teh MC primary tumor of the hand? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are chondromas more often solitary or multiple? |
|
Definition
| multiple in ollier syndrome and mafucci syndrome (with hemangiomas); 30% malignant transformation |
|
|
Term
| What is the gross appearance of osteochondroma? |
|
Definition
| pedunculated, mushroom shape; medullary cavity continuous with mass; hyaline cartilage cap over bone |
|
|
Term
| What is teh gross appearance of chondroma? |
|
Definition
| oval, popcorn shape; lucent iwth surrounded dense, reactive bone ("O" ring sign on xray), hyaline cartilage |
|
|
Term
| What do you call an intramedullary chondroma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the 2nd MC malignant bone tumor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What patient population is typical of chondrosarcomas? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where in the body do chondrosarcomas occur? |
|
Definition
| axial skeleton (pelvis, ribs, proximal femur); medullary with crotical erosion |
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of chondrosarcoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the 5 yr survival rate of a grade 1 chondrosarcoma? grade 3? |
|
Definition
1= >90%
3= 45% (70% metastasize to lungs, liver, kidney, brain) |
|
|
Term
| What does a chondrosarcoma look like grossly? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the histolgy of chondrosarcoma? |
|
Definition
| atypical cohndrocytes in lacunae, hypercellular, mitoses. histological subtypes are Clear cell and mesenchymal |
|
|
Term
| Describe clear cell chondrosarcoma. |
|
Definition
| clear, vacuolated cells with giant cells, younger (<40 yoa), better prognosis |
|
|
Term
| Describe mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. |
|
Definition
| cartilage admixed with small blue cells, younger <40 yoa, worse prognosis |
|
|
Term
| What type of bones are affected by osteoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What types of bones are affected by osteoid osteoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What tyeps of bones are affected by blastoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What types of bones are affected by osteogenic sarcoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the general age range of osteoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the general age range of osteoid osteoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the general age range of osteoblastoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the age range of osteogenic sarcoma? |
|
Definition
| 10-20 yoa primary OGS, >40 yoa secondary OGS |
|
|
Term
| What is the gender prevalence of osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma? |
|
Definition
| osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma |
|
|
Term
| How do you differentiate between osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma? |
|
Definition
osteoblastoma is in axial skeleton (vertebrae), >2cm, constant pain, no relief
Osteoid osteoma= appendicular (femur, tibia, <2cm), PM pain that is relieved with aspirin |
|
|
Term
| What are the esymptoms of osteoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When you see multiple lesions of osteoma think about... |
|
Definition
| Garder syndrome (AD colonic polyposis) |
|
|
Term
| What is the gross/xray appearance of osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma? |
|
Definition
| round-oval, lucent (nidus) with rimming |
|
|
Term
| What is the histology of osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma? |
|
Definition
| woven bone with osteoblast rimming; stroma with giant cells |
|
|
Term
| What is the gross/xray apperance of osteoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the histology of osteoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the MC primary malignant bone tumor (excluding hematopoietic tumors)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Osteogenic sarcoma accounts for ___% of all primary bone malignancies. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What patient population gets osteogenic sarcoma (OGS)? |
|
Definition
74%= 10-20 yoa
25%= >40 yoa, secondary OGS with prior XRT or Paget's |
|
|
Term
| What is the MC primary malignant bone tumor in children? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
metaphyseal, medullary with cortical extension
50% in knee, 15% in hip/femur; 10% in proximal humererous. 8% mandible |
|
|
Term
| What is the presenting symptom of osteogenic sarcoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the survival rate of OGS? |
|
Definition
| 15% have mets @ time of dx; 60% survival |
|
|
Term
| What is the MC site of mets from an osteogenic sarcoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do you see on gross/xray of osteogenic sarcoma? |
|
Definition
| white chalky medullary mass with hemmorrhage; lifts periosteum from below (codman's triangle), invades through cortex into soft tissue (sunburst sign) |
|
|
Term
| What is the histology of osteogenic sarcoma? |
|
Definition
| lacy, course osteoid; malignant atypical cells |
|
|
Term
| Where does non-ossifying fibroma occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does fibrous dysplasia occur? |
|
Definition
monostotic: ribs, femur
polystotic: femur, craniofacies |
|
|
Term
| Where does fibrosarcoma occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In what age range does non-ossifying fibroma occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| n what age does fibrous dysplasia occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What age does fibrosarcoma occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe monostotic fibrous dysplasia. |
|
Definition
| 75% of bone tumors; invovles ribs and femur, usually incidental |
|
|
Term
| Describe polyostotic fibrous dysplasia. |
|
Definition
| 25%, femur, craniofacies with disfigurement; 5% manifest as McCune Albright syndrome |
|
|
Term
| What is McCune albright syndrome? |
|
Definition
| %5 of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia manifest as this syndrome. Characterized by cafe au lait, precocious puberty, and hyper TH |
|
|
Term
| How/where does non-ossifying fibroma present? |
|
Definition
| femur; 50% bilateral or multiple, may have pathologic fracture |
|
|
Term
| How big are non-ossifying fibromas? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the precursor lesion for non-ossifying fibroma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the gross/xray appearance of fibrous dysplasia? |
|
Definition
| white/tan, gritty ground glass |
|
|
Term
| What is the histological apperance of fibrous dysplasia? |
|
Definition
| whorled fibrous stroma, woven bone in thin spicules "chinese letters" |
|
|
Term
| What is the gross/xray appearance of non-ossifying fibroma? |
|
Definition
| yellow-brown, eccentric,scalloped |
|
|
Term
| What is the histological apperance of non-ossifying fibroma? |
|
Definition
| whorled fibrous stroma, osteoclast-like giant cells |
|
|
Term
| What age group is assoc with fibrosarcoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do fibrosarcomas found? |
|
Definition
| long bones (knee); metaphyses, medullary |
|
|
Term
| How do fibrosarcomas present? |
|
Definition
| pathologic fracture is frequent |
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of fibrous sarcoma? |
|
Definition
| primary > secondary (due to paget's, prior XRT) |
|
|
Term
| What is the gross/xray appearance of fibrosarcomas? |
|
Definition
| large, tan, hemorrhagic, lytic, with cortical erosions into soft tissue |
|
|
Term
| What is the histological appearance of fibrosarcoma? |
|
Definition
| herringbone pattern, minor atypia |
|
|
Term
| Where do giant cell tumors form? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do ewing sarcomas form? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the age range of giant cell tumor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the age range of ewing sarcoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the gender preference of giant cell tumor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common type of bone tumor of young adults? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do giant cell tumors occur? |
|
Definition
| knee and distal phalyx (metaphyseal, epiphyseal junction) |
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of giant cell tumor? |
|
Definition
| arthritic type complaints |
|
|
Term
| Is giant cell tumor more often solitary or multiple? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you treat giant cell tumor of bone? |
|
Definition
| 50% recur following curettage; 5% "metastasize" to lungs, but no treatment necessary |
|
|
Term
| Can giant cell tumors transform into malignancies? |
|
Definition
| rare malignant transformation into FS or OGS |
|
|
Term
| What is the gross/xray appearance of giant cell tumor of bone? |
|
Definition
| large, hemorrhagic and cystic, lytic with "soap bubble" appearance |
|
|
Term
| what is the histology of giant cell tumor of bone? |
|
Definition
| numerous MNGCs with same nuclei as surrounding small cells, hemorrhage |
|
|
Term
| What is Ewing's sarcoma a cancer of? |
|
Definition
| malignant small round cell tumor of bone |
|
|
Term
| What is the second MC malignant bone tumor of children? |
|
Definition
| Ewing sarcoma (first is OGS) |
|
|
Term
| What is the age range/gender/race of typical patients with ewing's sarcoma? |
|
Definition
males > females; whites > blacks
80% are <20 yoa, often 10-15 yoa |
|
|
Term
| Where do ewing sarcoma's occur? |
|
Definition
| long bones (femur); diaphysis, medullary |
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of ewing sarcomas? |
|
Definition
| painful enlarging mass and fever |
|
|
Term
| What is the 5 year survival rate of ewing sarcoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do ewing's sarcoma look like on gross/xray? |
|
Definition
| white/tan, medullary with cortical thickening and extension; lytic |
|
|
Term
| What's teh histology of ewing sarcoma? |
|
Definition
| monotonous small blue cells that are immunoflouresence + CD99 |
|
|
Term
| What mutations commmonly causes ewing sarcoma? |
|
Definition
| t(11,22) with fusion of the EWS gene (22q) to a transcription factor (usually FLI1) |
|
|
Term
| Which bones are MC for mets? |
|
Definition
| axial bones (ribs, pelvis, spine)> appendicular |
|
|
Term
| How do mets to bone present? |
|
Definition
| pain (70%), pathologic fracture, hyper Ca++ (10%) |
|
|
Term
| >80% of metastatic bone tumors are from.. |
|
Definition
breast (MC), prostate, lung, kidney, thyroid
carcinomas are more common than sarcomas |
|
|
Term
| Mets from breast to bone commonly presents as.. |
|
Definition
| pathologic fracture of proximal femur |
|
|
Term
| What percent of pathologic fractures is due to metastatic breast cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the life expectancy of breast cancer with bone mets? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prostate cancer frequently mets to the... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do prostate mets to the bone present? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What percent of men with prostate CA at autopsy have bone mets? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the 10 year survival rate of prostate cancer with bone mets? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which bones do lung cancers metastasize to? How do they present |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What percent of mets to hand bones are from the lung? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Metastatic bone tumors are usually multiple except for... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The majority of mets produce what types of lesions in the bone... |
|
Definition
| mixed lytic/blastic lesions |
|
|
Term
| What is the histology of metastatic bone cancer? |
|
Definition
| recaptiulates primary tumor |
|
|
Term
| Which bone cancers occur in the diaphysis? |
|
Definition
| osteoid osteoma, chondroma, and ewings sarcoma |
|
|
Term
| Which bone tumors occur in the metaphysis? |
|
Definition
| osteosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, fibrous cortical defect/NOF, osteochondroma |
|
|
Term
| What bone tumors occur in the epiphysis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What types of bone cancers occur at the feet? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kinds of bone tumors occur at the knee? |
|
Definition
| osteochondroma, osteoid osteoma, OGS, NOF, fibrosarcoma, giant cell tumor, ewing sarcoma |
|
|
Term
| What types of bone tumors occur in the pelvis? |
|
Definition
| chondrosarcoma and metastasis |
|
|
Term
| What types of bone cancers occur in teh proximal femur? |
|
Definition
| chondrosarcoma and fibrous dysplasia |
|
|
Term
| What types of bone cancer occur in the hands? |
|
Definition
| chondroma and giant cell tumors |
|
|
Term
| What kinds of bone tumors occur in the vertebrae? |
|
Definition
| melanoma, osteoblastoma, metastasis |
|
|
Term
| What kinds of bone cancer occur in the ribs? |
|
Definition
| myeloma, chondrosarcoma, monostotic fibrous dysplasia, metastasis |
|
|
Term
| What kinds of bone cancer occur in teh face and sinus? |
|
Definition
| osteoma, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia |
|
|
Term
| What kinds of bone tumors occur in the skull? |
|
Definition
| multiple myeloma, osteoma, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, metastasis |
|
|
Term
| Are most bone tumors benign or malignant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common bone malignancy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common bone primary malignancy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is teh most common primary bone malignancy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common benign bone tumor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common primary tumor of the hand? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common malignant bone tumor of children? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common bone tumor in young adults? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common primary site of bone metastatic disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List the bone tumors common in pts 10-20 yoa |
|
Definition
| osteoid osteoma, OGS, fibrous dysplasia, ewing sarcoma |
|
|
Term
| Name the most common bone tumors for age ranges 20-30 yoa. |
|
Definition
| CS, mesenchymal type; CS, clear cell type; osteochondroma; NOF; GCT |
|
|
Term
| What are the common bone tumors for middle age? |
|
Definition
| chondroma, CS, osteoma, 2ndary OGS, FS |
|
|
Term
| What are the common bone tumors of older individuals? |
|
Definition
| CS, osteoma, secondary OGS, FS, myeloma, mets |
|
|
Term
| What are examples of lytic metastatic bone tumors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the different types of metastatic bone tumors? |
|
Definition
|
|
