Term
| Tonofilaments are found in which cell fo the epidermis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the prominant cytologic feature of melanocytes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the prominent features of langerhans cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the granules of merkel cells called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the histological features of keratinocytes. |
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Definition
| tonofilaments, tonofibrils, desmosomes, and hemidesmosomes |
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Term
| What are the two types of sweat glands? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the adnexal structures of the skin? |
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Definition
| sweat and sebaceous glands, hair follicles, nails |
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Term
| What do you call a small traumatic breakage of the epidermis causing a raw linear area that is usually self induced? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| thickened and rough skin with prominent skin markings |
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Term
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Definition
| cirucumscribed flat skin lesion usually of different color. Macule if 5 mm or smaller in diameter. Patch if greater than 5mm |
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Term
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Definition
| elevated solid area equal to or smaller than 5 mm in diameter |
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Term
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Definition
| elevated solid area greater than 5 mm in diameter |
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Term
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Definition
| elevated flat topped area usually greater than 5 mm in diameter |
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Term
| What is a cavity within or under the epidermis filled with fluid called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Whta are the different kinds of blisters? |
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Definition
vesicles: blister less than 5 mm
bulla: blister more than 5 mm
pustule: cavity containing pus |
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Term
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Definition
| acutely raised elevated area formed as a result of dermal edema |
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Term
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Definition
| platelike excrescence of horn |
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Term
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Definition
| coagulated plasma and tissue fluid containing degenerated epidermal and inflammatory cells |
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Term
| What do you call partial loss of the epidermis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do you call loss of all epidermis and at least a part of the dermis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are lentigo/lentiguines? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the different types of lentigo? |
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Definition
| lentigo simplex, lentigo seniles, lentigo maligna |
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Term
| What is lentigo simlex a precursor of? |
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Definition
| precursor of junctional nevus |
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Term
| What is lentigo seniles a precursor of? |
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Definition
| precursor of seborrheic keratosis |
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Term
| What is lentigo maligna a precursor of? |
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Definition
| precursor of lentigo maligna melanoma |
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Term
| Describe lentigo simplex grossly and histologically. |
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Definition
tan or brown macules or patches taht do not darken with sun exposure.
linear melanocytic hyperplasia within epidermal basal cell layer (Lentiginous pattern) |
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Term
| Lentigo seniles is aka _________- and is caused by __________. |
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Definition
solar lentigo/actinic lentigo
sun damaged skin of older individuals |
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Term
| What is a nevocellular nevus? |
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Definition
| benign tumor of melanocytes that looks like a well circumscribed macule or papule |
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Term
| What are the three types of nevocellular nevuses? |
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Definition
| junctional, dermal and compound |
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Term
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Definition
| nodule composed of pigmented melanocytes in the reticular dermis |
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Term
| What are the two types of blue nevuses? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe congenital nevuses. |
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Definition
| present at birth and has deep dermal and sometimes subcutaneous growth. Involves appendages, vessels and nerves |
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Term
| What do spindle and epitheloid nevuses look like? |
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Definition
| red pink nodule less than 6 mm in diameter |
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Term
| Spindle and epitheloid nevuses are common in what types of patients? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do spindle/epitheloid nevuses look like histologically? |
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Definition
| large cells that mature as they descend into the dermis |
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Term
| What do dysplastic nevuses look like grossly? |
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Definition
| multiple, irregular color, surface more than 5 mm in diameter |
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Term
| What do dysplastic nevuses look like histologically? |
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Definition
| cytological atypia, abnormal shape and distribution of nests, lymphocytic infiltrate and fibrosis of dermis |
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Term
| Dysplastic nevuses are part of a genetic defect that is inherited in what pattern? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the clinical features of a malignant melanoma? |
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Definition
| asymmetric, border is irregular, color variable, diameter is > 6mm |
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|
Term
| What are the histological features of malignant melanoma? |
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Definition
| melanocytic atypia, irregular distribution, lentiginous and pagetoid radial spread, lack of verticle maturation |
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Term
| What are the different presentations of malignant melanoma? |
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Definition
| lentigo maligna, superficial spreading, acrolentigenous, nodular melanoma |
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Term
| Describe lentigo maligna melanoma. |
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Definition
| sundamage skin of elderly caucasians; years of radial growth phase; usually the cells are spindle |
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Term
| What is the most common form of melanoma in dark-skinned people? |
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Definition
| acro-lentigineous melamona |
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Term
| Describe acrolentigineous melanoma? |
|
Definition
| includes palms, soles and subungual regions. In radial phase cells are dendritic. invertical phase they are spindle or epitheloid |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of superficial spreading melanoma? |
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Definition
| radial grwoth predominant over verticle growth. Usually grows in months |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of nodular melanoma? |
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Definition
| verticle growth phase from onset, the thicker tumors have the worse prognosis |
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Term
| What are the benign epithelial tumors? |
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Definition
| seborrheic keratoses, acanthosis nigricans, fibroepithelial polyp, adnexal (appendage) tumors, epithelial cyst (wen) |
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Term
| What is the sign of leser-trelat? |
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Definition
| when seborrheic keratoses occur explosively in large numbers ars part of a paraneoplstic syndrome possibly because of TGF alpha produced by tumor cells (most commonly GI) |
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Term
| Describe the features of seborrheickeratoses? |
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Definition
| hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, pseudohorn cysts, horn cysts, and squamous eddies. Stuck on pattern |
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Term
| Describe the gross appearance of acanthosis nigricans? |
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Definition
| dark velvety flexural skin; ondulated epidermis with hyperkeratosis |
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Term
| Benign acanthosis nigricans is due to... |
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Definition
| idiopathic, endocrine, inherited |
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Term
| What is a fibroepithelial polyp aka? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are fibroepihtlial polyps? |
|
Definition
| epidermis covered fibrovascular core without adnexa |
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Term
| What are adnexal tumors? List examples. |
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Definition
tumors that differentiate towards adnexal structures.
epithelial cyst, adenomas, epitheliomas, primordial epitheliomas, carcinomas, tumors of sebaceous glands |
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Term
| What are the adnexal sebaceous gland tumors? |
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Definition
| steatocystoma multiplex, sebaceous adenoma, sebaceous epithelioma, basal cell with sebaceous differention, sebaceous carcinoma |
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Term
| What do epithelial cysts look like grossly? |
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Definition
| dome shaped, smooth, flesh-colored moveable nodules |
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Term
| What are the different types of epithelial cysts? |
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Definition
| epidermal inclusion, dermoid cyst, pilar yst or trichilemmal cyst, steatocystoma multiplex, hidrocystoma |
|
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Term
| What causes dermoid cysts? |
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Definition
| result of sequestration of full thickness skin along lines of embryonic closure (congenital lesion) |
|
|
Term
| What are the most common places for dermoid cysts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| aka trichilemmal cyst; epithelial cyst with a wall that resembles follicular epithelium without a granular cell layer and filled by a more homogeneous mixture of keratin and lipid |
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Term
| What is steatocystoma multiplex? |
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Definition
| cyst with a wall resembling the sebaceous gland duct and from which numerous compressed sebaceous lobules originate. Dominantly hertible lesions due to missense mutations. |
|
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Term
| what are the two types of hidrocystomas? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the premalignant and malignant epidermal tumors? |
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Definition
| actinic ceratosis, squamous cell carcinoma, and basal cell carcinoma |
|
|
Term
| What is actinic keratosis? |
|
Definition
| premalignant scaly lesions in sun-exposed areas. Causes focal dysplasia of epidermis and parakeratosis is common |
|
|
Term
| What are the predisposing factors to squamous cell carcinoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is squamous cell carcinoma? |
|
Definition
| scaly, common sun-exposed carcinoma that is due to confluent growth of atypical keratinocytes in epidermis, adnexa or dermis |
|
|
Term
| What does basal cell carcinoma look like grossly? |
|
Definition
| pearly papule with telangiectasia |
|
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Term
| Describe the growth/metastasis pattern of basal cell carcinoma. |
|
Definition
| slow growing tumor that rarely metastasizes |
|
|
Term
| What is the histological appearance of basal cell carcinoma? |
|
Definition
| basaloid cells with peripheral palisading |
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|
Term
| What are predisposing factors for basal cell carcinoma? |
|
Definition
| basal cell nevus syndrome |
|
|
Term
| What are the different types of fibrohistiocytomas? |
|
Definition
benign: dermatofibroma
intermediate malignancy: dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans
malignant: malignant fibrous histiocytoma |
|
|
Term
| What are two examples of tumors of cells migrans to skin? |
|
Definition
| mycosis funcoides (cutaneous T cell lymphoma) and mastocytosis |
|
|
Term
| Fibrohistiocytomas are tumors of the ____. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is mycosis fungoides? |
|
Definition
| cutaneous T cell lymphoma characterized by pautrier microabscesses and sezary-Lutzner cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| seeding of the blood by malignant T cells that is accompanied by diffuse erythema and scaling of the entire body surface (erythroderma) |
|
|
Term
| What is urticaria pigmentosa? |
|
Definition
| a localized cutaneous form of mastocytosis. Lesions are multiple nonscaling papules and small plaques. |
|
|
Term
| what stains are used to identify mastocytosis? |
|
Definition
| toluidine blue, geimsa, leder stain (Naphtol AS-D chloroacetate esterase) |
|
|
Term
| What are the layers of the epidermis? |
|
Definition
| stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum basale |
|
|
Term
| What are the layers of the dermis? |
|
Definition
| papillary then reticular dermis |
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