Term
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Definition
-Cancer cells fail to respond to molecular signals from either within or without
- due to genetic mutations
- Reprogram for uncontrolled growth |
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Term
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Definition
| normally protect against effects of malignant changes due to oncogenes |
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Term
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Definition
| Mutated genes that have become autonomous |
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Term
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Definition
-Programmed cell death
-Cancer cells evade this, and become immortalized |
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Term
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Definition
Formation of new blood vessels
- Cancer cells do this to satisfy increased O2 and nutrient requirement of tumor |
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Term
| Cancer cells and immune system |
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Definition
| - Cancer cells avoid detection by body's immune system |
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Term
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Definition
| Cells break loose from site of origin and implant in other tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| -Activated to reactive intermediates capable of forming adducts with DNA |
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Term
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Definition
-First use of chemical agents to treat cancer from it
-WWI
-Extremely vesicant low boiling liquid that causes severe blistering of the skin
- two chloroethyl groups each attached to a S atom |
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Term
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Definition
| US ship John Harvey blew up killing a lot of people b/c tons of mustard gas was on it. |
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Term
| Mechlorethamine (Mustargen, Nitrogen Mustard) |
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Definition
| First drug for chemo of cancer in 1946 |
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Term
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Definition
| Acts as an alkylating agent, thru the intermediacy of the highly reactive three membered aziridinium ion |
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Term
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Definition
| Alkylating Group: CH2CH2Cl |
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Term
| Alkylating Agent Mechanism |
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Definition
-Disrupt DNA structure and function
-Enhanced in cells that undergo mitosis |
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Term
| p53 Tummor suppressor gene |
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Definition
-Causes activation of DNA repair enzymes
-Controls transition of cell from G1 phase to the S Phase
-initiates apoptosis
-mutations may lead to resistance |
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Term
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Definition
| React with and damage DNA |
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Term
| Cell Cycle non specific drugs |
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Definition
| Do not target any one phase of the cell cycle. |
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Term
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Definition
| Antidote for Mechlorethamine extravasation |
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Term
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Definition
| IV drugs leak out cause problems |
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Term
| Melphalan and Chlorambucil |
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Definition
| Have a benzene ring that acts as an electron sink |
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Term
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Definition
For chronic lymphocytic leukemia
nitrogen mustard alkylating agent |
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Term
| Melphalan (Phenylalanine mustard, Alkeran) |
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Definition
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Term
| Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) |
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Definition
-Breast, ovarian, non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Burkitt's Lymphoma
-Oxidized by Cytochrome P450 |
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Term
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Definition
| Causes hemorrhagic cystitis |
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Term
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Definition
-alkylating agent
-Testicular tumors, can cause hemorrhagic cystitis via acrolein formation |
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Term
| Mesna (Sodium 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate) |
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Definition
| Treats Hemorrhagic cystitis |
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Term
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Definition
-Treats hemorrhagic cystitis
-Acetaminophen Overdose |
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Term
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Definition
| Treats hemorrhagic cystitis |
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Term
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Definition
Bifunctional Alkylating agent
-treats chronic lymphocytic leukemia and Hodgkin's disease |
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Term
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Definition
Interacts with microtubules, causing disassembly
- Mitotic inhibitor |
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Term
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Definition
Carmustine (BCNU) and Lomustine (CCNU)
-Highly lipophilic, can cross BBB
-Important to treat brain tumors |
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Term
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Definition
| Biodegradable wafer, direct application, and it dissolves following surgery |
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Term
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Definition
| Naturally occurring antibiotic for treatment of islet cell carcinoma (insulinoma) |
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Term
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Definition
-Undergo spontaneous degradation
-Can cause interstrand or intrastrand DNA crosslinks
-Cytotoxicity |
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Term
| Guanine O6alkyl transferase |
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Definition
-DNA repair enzyme
-Major DNA adducts formed with nitrosourea degradation |
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Term
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Definition
| Inhibits guanine O6alkyl transferase |
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Term
| Dacarbazine (5-dimethyltriazinyl-4imidazolecarboxamide; DTIC-Dome) |
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Definition
-Combo therapy for Hodgkin's disease and malignant melanoma
-must be given IV
-Penetrates CNS poorly |
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Term
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Definition
-Rapid oral absorb
-Crosses BBB
-Standard drug in Tx of Gliomas in combo with radiation |
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Term
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Definition
-MSU
- Metastatic testicular and ovarian tumors
-Advanced bladder cancer
-Renal damage, peripheral neuropathy, ototoxicity, and N/V (more than carboplatinum) |
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Term
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Definition
| Cl atoms of cisplatin are displaced by water, yields a + molecule to react with nucleophiles |
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Term
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Definition
| approved only in advanced ovarian cancer |
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Term
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Definition
approved for use in combo with fluorouracil and leucovorin for the Tx of colorectal cancer
-Cold induced neuropathies (avoid cold temps) |
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Term
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Definition
Cytoprotective drug
-Reduce renal toxicities w/Cisplatin |
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Term
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Definition
advanced ovarian cancer after failure of front line Tx
-activity b/c formaldehyde is released |
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Term
| Triethylenethiophosphoramide (ThioTEPA, Thioplex) |
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Definition
3 aziridine rings
-used to control intracavitary effusions secondary to diffuse or localised neoplastic dz of serosal cavities
-Superficial papillary carcinoma of urinary bladder |
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Term
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Definition
Bifunctional alkylating agent, has a mesylate group at each end
-used orally in the Tx of the chronic phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia |
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Term
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Definition
| Chronic phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia |
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Term
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Definition
ABX first isolated from Strep caespitosus
-IV use in desseminated adenocarcinoma of the stomach or pancreas |
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Term
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Definition
-Hydrazine derivative, first was a MAO-I
-Used in combo to Tx Hodgkin's Disease |
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