Term
| Actinic (solar) keratosis |
|
Definition
| Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma |
|
|
Term
| Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury |
|
Definition
| Cushing’s ulcer (inc ICP stimulates vagal gastric secretion) |
|
|
Term
| Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns |
|
Definition
| Curling’s ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa) |
|
|
Term
| Alternating areas of Transmural inflammation and normal colon |
|
Definition
| Skip lesions (Crohn’s disease) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Aortic aneurysm, ascending |
|
Definition
| Marfan’s syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration) |
|
|
Term
| Atrophy of the mammillary bodies |
|
Definition
| Wernicke’s encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion) |
|
|
Term
| Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids) |
|
Definition
Group B streptococcus (newborns),
S. Pneumoniae/Neisseria meningitidis (kids) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Spitz nevus (most common in first two decades) |
|
|
Term
| Bleeding disorders with GpIb deficiency |
|
Definition
| Bernard-Soulier disease (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand’s factor) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Supratentorial: mets > astrocytoma (includes GBM) > meningioma > schwanomma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or
Supratentorial: craniopharyngioma (cerebrum) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (in the US, 1 in 9 women will develop breast cancer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Fibrocystic change
2. Carcinoma (in post menopausal women) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cardiac primary tumor (kids) |
|
Definition
| Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis |
|
|
Term
| Cardiac manifestations of lupus |
|
Definition
| Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting both sides of the MV) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Metastasis
2. Primary myxoma (4:1 LA>RA; “ball and valve”) |
|
|
Term
| Cerebellar tonsillar herniation |
|
Definition
| Chiari malformation (often presents with progressive hydrocephalus or syringomyelia) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk emboli) |
|
|
Term
| Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune) |
|
Definition
| Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia) |
|
|
Term
| Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Osteoporosis
Type I: post-menopausal woman;
Type II: elderly man or woman |
|
|
Term
| Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension |
|
Definition
| 21-hydroxylase deficiency |
|
|
Term
| Congenital cardiac anomaly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver) |
|
Definition
| Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile) |
|
|
Term
| Constrictive pericarditis |
|
Definition
Tuberculosis (developing world);
systemic lupus erythematous (developed world) |
|
|
Term
| Coronary artery involved in thrombosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Corticosteroid therapy
2. Excess ACTH secretion by pituitary
3. Small cell lung carcinoma |
|
|
Term
| Cyanosis (early; less common) |
|
Definition
| Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great vessels, truncus arteriosus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Alzheimer’s disease
2. Multiple sclerosis |
|
|
Term
| Demyelinating disease in young women |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Gram negative sepsis
Obstetric complications
Cancer
Burn trauma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Zenker’s diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide); adenocarcinoma (US) |
|
|
Term
| Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Glomerulonephritis (adults) |
|
Definition
| Berger’s disease (IgA nephropathy) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Endometrial carcinoma (most common in US);
Cervical carcinoma (most common world wide) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis |
|
Definition
| Mitral (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse), aortic (2nd affected in rheumatic fever) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Enterobius vermicularis
2. Ascaris lumbricoides |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in CHF, “bronze diabetes”, and inc risk of HCC) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cirrhotic liver (associated with hep B and C) |
|
|
Term
| Hereditary bleeding disorder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hereditary harmless jaundice |
|
Definition
| Gilbert’s syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (PAIR) Psoriasis, Alkylosing spondylitis, IBD (ulcerative colitis), Reiter syndrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Diabetes mellitus type 1, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation |
|
|
Term
| Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis |
|
Definition
| Virchow’s triad (results in venous thrombosis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Accidental excision during thyroidectomy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor) |
|
|
Term
| Infection secondary to blood transfusion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Infection in chronic granulomatous disease |
|
Definition
| S. aureus, E. coli, Aspergillus (catalase positive) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Calcium = radio-opaque
2. Struvite (ammonium)= radiopaque (formed by urease positive organisms such as Proteus vulgaris or Staphylococcus)
3. Uric acid = radiolucent |
|
|
Term
| Late cyanotic shung (uncorrected L R becomes R L) |
|
Definition
| Eisenmenger’s syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lysosomal storage disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Malignancy associated with non-infectious fever |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Basal cell carcinoma (rarely metastasize) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Down syndrome
2. Fragile X syndrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Breast, lung, thyroid, testes, prostate, kidney |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lung, breast, skin (melanoma), kidney (renal cell carcinoma), GI |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Colon, gastric, pancreatic, breast, and lung carcinoma |
|
|
Term
| Mitochondrial inheritance |
|
Definition
| Disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through females only |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. ALL
2. Cerebellar medulloblastoma |
|
|
Term
| Nephrotic syndrome (adults) |
|
Definition
| Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis |
|
|
Term
| Nephrotic syndrome (kids) |
|
Definition
| Minimal change disease (associated with infections/vaccinations; treat with corticosteroids) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Klebsiella, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
|
|
Term
| Obstruction of male urinary tract |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Opportunistic infection in AIDS (lung) |
|
Definition
| Pneumocystis jiroveci (formerly carinii) pneumonia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Osteomyelitis with IV drug use |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer |
|
Definition
| Krukenberg tumor (mucin secreting signet ring cells) |
|
|
Term
| Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ovarian tumor (malignant) |
|
Definition
| Serous cystadenocarcinoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Alcohol (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids) |
|
|
Term
| Patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML (ages) |
|
Definition
ALL: child
CML: adult 30-60
AML adult ~60
CLL: adult >60 |
|
|
Term
| Pelvic inflammatory disease |
|
Definition
| Neisseria gonorrhea (monoarticular arthritis) |
|
|
Term
| Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22) (bcr-abl) |
|
Definition
| CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Prolactinoma
2. Somatropic “acidophilic” adenoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Primary bone tumor (adults) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Primary hyperaldosteronism |
|
Definition
| Adenoma of adrenal cortex |
|
|
Term
| Primary hyperparathyroidism |
|
Definition
1. Adenoma
2. Hyperplasia
3. Carcinoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, alpah1 AT) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Recurrent inflammation /thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities |
|
Definition
| Buerger’s disease (strongly associated with tobacco) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Renal cell carcinoma: associated with vHL and ADPKD; PNPs – EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH) |
|
|
Term
| Right heart failure due to pulmonary cause |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| S3 (protodiastolic gallop) |
|
Definition
| Inc ventricular filling (LR shunt, mitral regurgitation, LV failure – CHF) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy) |
|
|
Term
| Secondary hyperparathyroidism |
|
Definition
| Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease |
|
|
Term
| Sexually transmitted disease |
|
Definition
| Chlamydia (usually coinfected with gonorrhea) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Small cell carcinoma of the lung |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Abdominal aorta > coronary >popliteal >carotid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels |
|
Definition
| Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Follicular lymphoma (bcl-2) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Burkitt’s lymphoma (c-myc activation) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Philadelphia chromosome (CML, bcr-abl fusion) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhood) |
|
|
Term
| Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults) |
|
Definition
| Pheochromocytoma (usually benign) |
|
|
Term
| Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids) |
|
Definition
| Neuroblastoma (malignant) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nodular sclerosis (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| E. coli, Staph saprophyticus (young women) |
|
|
Term
| Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Folic acid (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3-4 month supply; prevents neural tube defects) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
