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| Define Environmental Systems |
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| Sets of interacting components connected in such a way that changes in one part of the system affect the other parts. |
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| Because systems can exist at multiple scales, a larger system can contain multiple what? |
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| What is Matter Composed Of? |
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| What are Atoms Composed Of? |
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| Atoms and molecules can interact in chemical reactions in which what may happen to the bonds between particular atoms? |
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| Matter's form can be changed, but cannot happen to matter? |
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| It cannot be created or destroyed. |
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| In any conversion of energy, according to the first and second law of thermodynamics, what happens to some of the energy? |
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| It is converted into unusable waste energy and the entropy of the universe is increased. |
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Term
| Individual organisms rely on what to survive, grow and reproduce? |
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Definition
| Continuous input of energy. |
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| More organisms can live where? |
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| More energy is available. |
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| Systems can be open or closed to what? |
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Definition
| Exchanges of matter, energy or both |
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| What does a system analysis determine? |
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Definition
| What goes into, what comes out of, and what has changed within a given system. |
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| Environmental Scientists use system analysis to calculate what? |
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Definition
| Inputs to outputs from a system and its rate of change. |
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| When is a system in a steady state? |
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Definition
| If there is no overall change |
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| Changes in one input or output could potentially affect what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Variation in environmental conditions, such as temperature or precipitation,can affect what? |
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| The types and numbers of organisms present. |
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| Short-Term and Long-Term changes in Earth's climate affect what? |
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| Anything that occupies space and has mass. |
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| Measure of the amount of matter an object contains. |
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| Smallest particle that can contain the chemical properties of an element. |
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| Substance composed of atoms that cannot be broken down into smaller, simpler, components. |
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| Lists all of the elements currently known, identifying each with a two letter symbol used to describe the atomic makeup of molecules. |
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| Particles containing more than one atom. |
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| Molecules that contain more than one element. |
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| The unique number of protons in the nucleus of a particular element. |
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| Sum of protons and neutrons in an element. |
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| Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons. |
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| The spontaneous release of material from the nucleus. |
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| The time it takes for one-half of the original radioactive parent atoms to decay. |
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| The sharing of electrons that holds together, elements that do not readily gain or lose electrons and form compounds. |
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| The chemical bond that occurs when charged atoms are attracted to one another due to their opposite charges. |
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| Weak chemical bond that forms when hydrogen atoms that are covalently bonded to one atom are attracted to another atom on another molecule. |
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Definition
| One side of the molecule is more positive, while the other is more negative. |
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| Results from the cohesion of water molecules at the surface of a body of water, creates a sort of skin on water's surface. |
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Definition
| Happens when adhesion of water molecules to a surface is stronger than cohesion between the molecules. |
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| Substance that contributes hydrogen ions to a solution. |
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Definition
| Substance that contributes hydroxide ions to a solution. |
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Term
| Both Acids and Bases do what? |
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Definition
| Typically dissolve in water. |
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| Scale used to indicate the strength of acids and bases. |
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| Occurs when atoms separate from the molecules they are a part of or recombine with other molecules. |
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| Define Law of Conservation of Matter |
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Definition
| Matter cannot be created or destroyed. |
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Term
| Define Inorganic Compounds |
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Definition
| Compounds that either don not contain the element carbon or don't contain carbon, but only carbon bound to elements other than hydrogen. |
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| Compounds that have carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds. |
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Term
| What are Proteins Made Up Of? |
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Definition
| Made up of long chains of nitrogen containing organic molecules called amino acids. |
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| What roles do Proteins play in living organisms that make them critical components? |
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Definition
| Structural support, energy storage, internal transport, and defense against foreign substances. |
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| Organic compounds found in all living cells. |
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| Long chains of Nucleic Acids make up what? |
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| Genetic material organisms pass on to their offspring that contains the code for reproducing the components of the next generation. |
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Definition
| Translates the code stored in the DNA and allows for the synthesis of proteins. |
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| Smaller biological molecules that do not mix with water. |
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| Highly organized living entity that consists of the four types of macromolecules and other substances in a watery solution, surrounded by a membrane. |
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Definition
| Ability to do work, or transfer heat. |
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Term
| Define Electromagnetic Radiation |
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Definition
| Form of energy that travel at the speed of light and can move even through the vacuum of space. |
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Definition
| Massless packets of energy that travel at the speed of light and can move even through the vacuum of space. |
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| Amount of energy used when a 1-watt light bulb is turned on for 1 second. |
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| Rate at which work is done |
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| Potential energy stored in chemical bonds. |
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| Measure of average kinetic energy of a substance. |
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| Define First Law of Thermodynamics |
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| Energy cannot be created or destroyed. |
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| Define Second Law of Thermodynamics |
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Definition
| When energy is transformed, the quantity of energy remains the same, but its ability to do work diminishes. |
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| Ratio of the amount of work that is done to the total amount of energy that is introduced into the system in the first place. |
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| The ease with which an energy source can be used for work. |
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| Randomness always increasing in a system, unless new energy from outside the system is added to create order. |
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| Adjustments in input or output rates caused by changes to a system. |
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