Cholera

Diarrheal Infection

B: Vibrio cholerae

• Reservoir - water
• Transmitted via contaminated food and water
• "profuse watery diarrhea"

E. coli

Diarrheal Infection

B: Escherichia coli

• Many strains, most are not harmful and are present in human intestines
• E. coli O157:H7 associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome (kidney failure)
• Outbreaks associated with undercooked beef, swimming pools

Rotavirus

Diarrheal Infection

V: Reoviridae family

• Most common cause of severe diarrhea in infants and young children
• Vaccine available

Amoebiasis

Diarrheal Infection

P: Entamoeba histolytica

• Third leading cause of parasitic death worldwide (malaria is the first)
• 50 million people ill each year
• 40,000 to 100,000 deaths per year

Cryptosporidiosis

Diarrheal Infection

P: Cryptosporidium parvum

• 1993 Milwaukee, Wisconsin outbreak

Cyclosporiasis

Diarrheal Infection

P: Cyclospora cayetanensis

• Occasional foodborne outbreaks
• Becomming more common, affects children under age 5 and AIDS patients

Giardiasis

Diarrheal Infection

P: Giardia intestinalis (G. lamblia)

• Most prevalent parasitic cause of diarrhea

Ascariasis

Diarrheal Infection

H: Ascaris lumbricoides

Brucellosis

Diarrheal Infection

B: Brucella abortus, B. melitensis

• Undulant fever or malta fever
• Ingestion of raw milk
• Causes chronic fever

H. pylori

Diarrheal Infection

 B: Helicobacter pylori

• Cause of gastric ulcers

Hepatitis A

Diarrheal Infection

V: Picornaviridae family

• Usually waterborne or foodborne transmission, but may be spread by direct contact
• Young children (< 6) are usually asymptomatic
• Risk of death increases with age
• Vaccine available but not widely used
• Outbreaks in the US associated with produce

Listeriosis

Diarrheal Infection

B: Listeria monocytogenes

• Transmission is usually foodborne, typically from processed meats
• Can cause miscarriage or premature delivery