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1 Development
n/a
56
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
12/11/2011

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Term
What is Developmental Psychology?
Definition
Universal aspects of lifespan development from conception through death; Identifies cultural variations
Explores physical, cognitive, social and emotional development
Term
What does Cephalocaudal mean?
Definition
preceds from head to feet
Term
What does Proximodistal mean
Definition
precedes from center moving outward
Term
When is the Germinal Phase?
Definition
conception through 2 weeks
Term
What is a zygote?
Definition
a fertilized egg
Term
What is the Placenta
Definition
structure that allows oxygen and nutrients to go to the baby
Term
What happens in the Embryonic Stage: 5 weeks – 2 months?
Definition
Head face and neck develop
Buds for limbs form and grow
Major organs/digestive system differentiating
Heartbeat begins
Term
What is the Fetal stage?
Definition
18th week - birth
Term
What happens in the 3rd month of development?
Definition
digestive organs begin to function
Buds for limbs form and grow
Sex organs develop rapidly
Arms/fingers move
Term
What happens in the 4th month?
Definition
Face looks human
Lower body outgrows head
Bones are defined
Term
What happens in the 5th month?
Definition
Fingernails and toenails appear
Languo
Vernix collects
Term
What is the Languo
Definition
fine wooly hair over body
Term
What is the Vernix?
Definition
waxy coating
Term
What happens in the 6th month?
Definition
Eyebrows/lashes well defined
Eyes completely formed
Term
What happens in the 7th month?
Definition
Fetus capable of life outside uterus
Term
What happens in the 8/9th month?
Definition
Fat is deposited for later use
Fingernails beyond fingertips
Lanugo is shed
Myelination of brain takes place
Chief organs increases functioning
Vernix covers body
Term
What are teratogens?
Definition
harmful toxins that affect development resulting in defect, damage or anomaly
Term
4 Important concepts with teratogens
Definition
Dose: How much?
Basic Heredity: Vulnerable vs. sturdy
Age of organism at exposure
Multiply determined: stress, nutrition, lack of medical care
Term
What is Thalidomide?
Definition
drug given to women for morning sickness that ended up hurting their children
Term
What is prolonged stress linked to?
Definition
prematurity and low birth weight
Term
What does smoking do to the child?
Definition
mild stimulant, increases fetal activity, low birth weight, increased SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome)
Term
What does smoking marijuana do to the child?
Definition
low birth weight, disturbed sleep in newborns, reduced attention to environment
Term
What does heroin do to the child?
Definition
premature birth weight, tremulous behavior, poor sleep, poor sucking and feeding, risk of SIDS
Term
What does cocaine do to the child?
Definition
: “crack babies” premature size/weight, tremulous, high pitched crying, respiratory and regurgitation problems, rigidity, withdrawal symptoms, deformities
Term
What is Comorbidity?
Definition
abuse of multiple substances likely
Term
What is the leading teratogen in the US causing mental retardation?
Definition
Alcohol
Term
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome symptoms
Definition
Physical Symptoms: growth retardation, head and facial abnormalities, microcephaly, skeletal, brain and heart damage

Behavioral Symptoms: poor impulse control, poor attention, hyperactivity and cognitive defects
Term
Fetal Alcohol Effects
Definition
some symptoms of FAS, but less physical symptoms (ARND)
Term
Vision of newborns
Definition
Poor fixation ability
Limited ability to discriminate color
Estimate visual acuity of between 20/200 and 20/400
Preference for human faces
Term
Hearing in newborns
Definition
Fetus can hear sounds around 6 months in uterus
Recognize mothers voice
Term
Taste and Smell in newborns
Definition
Both present at birth
Preference for sweet
Term
Touch in newborns
Definition
Heat, cold, pressure, and pain, all present at birth
Term
Reflexes in newborns
Definition
inborn, automatic responses to a particular form of stimulation
Term
What is the Rooting reflex
Definition
survival value, stroke cheek and baby will turn head toward the stimulation
Term
What is the Stepping reflex?
Definition
: basis for complex motor skills, with bare feet toughing floor infant wil mimic a stepping response (disappears around 2 months)
Term
What is the Sucking reflex
Definition
place a finger in mouth and baby will suck, permits feeding
Term
Eyeblink reflex
Definition
shine a bright light or clap and they will close their eyes
Term
What is the Babinski Reflex
Definition
stroke the heel to see reactions of the toes which flex/fan out; normal infants, if persists it can indicates neurological problems
Term
Gross and Fine Motor Development age 2-3
Definition
Gross Motor: walk rythmically, jump, hop, push a riding toy with feet
Fine Motor: remove simple clothing items, using a spoon
Term
Gross and Fine Motor Development 3-4
Definition
Gross Motor: walks upstairs alternating feet, catches ball by trapping in chest, rides a tricycle
Fine Motor: fasten unfasten large buttons, uses scissors, copies lines, circles, draws tadpole person
Term
Gross and fine motor development age 4-5
Definition
Gross Motor: walks down stairs alternating feet, runs smoothly, catches ball with hands, rapid/smooth steering
Fine Motor: uses a fork cuts with scissors on lines, copies triangles and some letters
Term
Gross and fine motor development 5-6
Definition
Gross Motor: increases running speed, true skipping, ride bike
Fine Motor: uses a knife to cut food, ties shoes, draws a 6 part person, copies words and numbers
Term
Gender Differences in development
Definition
boys are ahead of girls inforce and power, girls ahead in fine motor and gross motor skills which involve good balance
Term
What is temperament
Definition
relatively constant basic disposition which is inherent in a person that underlines and modulates his/her behavior
Term
Thomas and Chess' three temperments
Definition
difficult, slow-to-warm-up, easy
Term
Difficult temperment (10%)
Definition
often wail, cry and are negative in new situations, eat and sleep irregularly
Term
Slow-to-Warm-Up temperment (15%)
Definition
often inactive, adapt slowly and can be withdrawn and show a negative mood
Term
Easy temperment (40%)
Definition
cheerful, adaptable, easily establish routines
Term
What is Goodness of Fit
Definition
the match between the characteristics of the infant and his/her family is critical to development. Some are better matches than others
Term
What is Goodness of Fit
Definition
the match between the characteristics of the infant and his/her family is critical to development. Some are better matches than others
Term
What is Attachment
Definition
the affectional bond between an infant and its caretaker
Term
What is Stranger Anxiety?
Definition
develops when infants are around 6-7 months ending around 18 months. If a stranger approaches, the infant becomes afraid and reaches for the caregiver
Term
Ainsworth’s 4 types of attachment: Securely Attached
Definition
child uses the parent as a safe base to explore, when separated the child may not cry during the absence, seek contact when parent returns, decrease crying if present (~65% of U.S. infants)
Term
Ainsworth's 4 types of attachment: Avoidant attachment
Definition
unresponsive to parent when present, no distress when parent leaves, react to stranger similar as to parent, slow to greet parent when they return (~20%)
Term
Ainsworth's 4 types of attachment: Resistant Attachment
Definition
seek closeness with their parents, fail to explore, upon return displays anger, resistant behavior, cannot be comforted (~10-15%)
Term
Ainsworth's 4 types of attachment: Disorganized/Disoriented Attachment
Definition
greatest amount of insecurity, in reunion show disorganized, confused behaviors. Seem confused, glazed and spacey. Mothers are more avoidant and inconsistent with a lack of sensitivity to infants needs (5%)
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