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1-7 review
chemistry
52
Chemistry
12th Grade
05/23/2013

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Term
Chemistry
Definition
Study of matter
Term
inorganic chemistry
Definition
study of compounds that do not contain carbon
Term
Organic Chemistry
Definition
study of carbon compounds
Term
analytical chemistry
Definition
composition of matter
Term
Physical chemistry
Definition
mechanism, rate, and energy changes in matter
Term
solids, gases, liquids
Definition
states of matter (speed of molecules help determine)
Term
heterogenous
Definition
composition can vary
Term
Homogenous
Definition
the same throughout a sample
Term
Proton
Definition
center placement of atom. determines what element an atom will be. +1 charge
Term
atomic number
Definition
defines the element. number of protons in the element.
Term
electrons
Definition
Smallest of three, always moving, -1 charge, moves from one atom to another or be shared between separate atoms.
Term
Neutrons
Definition
also in the center. no charge, but hold the protons together in the nucleus.
Term
pure substances
Definition
elements or compounds
Term
density
Definition
mass/volume
Term
solid to gas
Definition
sublimation
Term
Liquid to gas
Definition
vaporization/evaporation
Term
gas to solid
Definition
deposition
Term
solid to liquid
Definition
melting
Term
liquid to solid
Definition
freezing
Term
phase diagram
Definition
graphs of the phases of matter for a substance vs temperature and pressure
Term
Radiation
Definition
alpha, beta, gamma
Term
half life
Definition
time it takes for half of a radioisotope to decay
Term
nuclear fission
Definition
splitting of a nucleus into smaller parts
Term
period table
Definition
inspired by Dimitri Mendeleev, increasing atomic number arrangement. Rows are periods, groups are families
Term
Alkali metals
Definition
soft, reactive, react with halogens
Term
Alkaline earth metals
Definition
stronger, harder, denser
Term
transition metals
Definition
some do not react, compounds are colorful
Term
halogens
Definition
most active non-metals, reacts with metals to form salts
Term
noble gases
Definition
stable octet, non reactive
Term
atomic radius
Definition
half the distance between the nuclei of identical atoms that are bonded together
Term
ionization energy
Definition
energy required to remove one electron from a neutral atom
Term
electronegativity
Definition
measure of the ability of an atom to attract electrons closer to it
Term
cation
Definition
positive ion. forms when an atom loses electrons
Term
anion
Definition
negative ion. forms when an atom gains electrons
Term
ionic bonds
Definition
form when electrons are transferred. metals and non metals
Term
valence electrons
Definition
outermost shell
Term
lewis dot diagram
Definition
visual representations of valence electrons
Term
chemical formulas
Definition
show the kinds and numbers of atoms
Term
polyatomic ions
Definition
groups of covalently bonded atoms with an overall charge
Term
naming covalent bonds
Definition
No use of criss cross method
Term
VSEPR
Definition
valence electron pairs repel each other
Term
molecules
Definition
assume the geometry that minimizes electrostatic repulsion
Term
non polar bonds
Definition
have no partially charged regions, so the electrons are equally shared in bonds
Term
dipole-dipole
Definition
occur between molecules with permanent opposite charges
Term
hydrogen bonding
Definition
strongest of intermolecular bonds
Term
Calculations
Definition
moles to atoms, moles to moles, moles to mass, mass to moles, moles to volume
Term
synthesis
Definition
A+B > AB
Term
decomposition
Definition
AB > A + B
Term
Single replacement
Definition
A + BX > AX + B
Term
double replacement
Definition
AB + CD > AD + CB
Term
Combustion
Definition
XO2 > YCO2 + ZH2O
Term
Stoichiometry
Definition
uses mole ratios from the balanced equation
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