Term
| Where do leukemias originate? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| lymphocytic malignancy that arises in lymph nodes and extranodal lymphoid tissues |
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Term
| Leukemias are classified by cell lineage into either... |
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Definition
| myeloid (myelogenous) or lymphoid (lymphocytic, lymphoblastic) |
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Term
| What are the four main categories of leukemia? |
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Definition
| acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia |
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Term
| What is a synonym for ALL? |
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Definition
| lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma |
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Term
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Definition
| acute myelogenous or acute myeloid leukemia |
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Term
| What is a synonym for CML? |
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Definition
| chronic granulocytic leukemia |
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Term
| Ionizing radiation is associated with all leukemias except... |
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Definition
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Term
| What disorders involving chronic marrow dysfunction can cause leukemia? |
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Definition
| myelodysplastic syndrome, chronic myeloproliferative diseases (CMPD), CML, aplastic anemia, PNH |
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Term
| What congenital chronosomal abnormalities result in a 20 fold increase in acute leukemia? |
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Definition
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Term
| What cytochemical stains do you use to detect myeloid (granulocytic) cells? |
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Definition
| myeloperoxidase (MPO) and sudan black B (SBB) |
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Term
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Definition
| leukocyte alkaline phosphatase |
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Term
| what is the LAP level in cml? |
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Definition
| low to absent (high in leukemoid reactions |
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Term
| What cytochemical stain is used for hairy cell leukemia? |
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Definition
| tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) |
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Term
| Leukemic cells can be typed as.. |
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Definition
| lymphoid or myeloid, T or B lymphoid, immature or mature |
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Term
| What CD is for B lymphoblasts |
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Definition
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Term
| What leukemia is usually CD 10+? |
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Definition
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Term
| Wat are the CDs for B lymphocytes? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the CD marker for myeloid cells (granulocytes)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What CDs are used for stem cells and blasts with nonspecific lineage? |
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Definition
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Term
| What two leukemias are both positive for CD34+? |
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Definition
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Term
| What CD is characteristic of immature myeloid cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| What CD is characteristic of both T and B lymphoblasts? |
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Definition
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Term
| What leukemia is positive for TdT? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the typical marker profile of CLL? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the typical marker profile of AML? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the typical marker profile of ALL? |
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Definition
| CD34+, TdT+, CD10+, CD19+ (B-cell ALL) |
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Term
| Are deletions a structural or numerical chromosomal alteration? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the characteristic cytogenetics of CML? |
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Definition
| philadelphia chromosome= t(9;22) |
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Term
| What leukemias are associated with the philadelphia chromosome? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the characteristic cytogenetics of AML-M2? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the cytogenetics of AML-M3? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the characteristic cytogenetic abnormality of AML-M4Eo |
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Definition
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Term
| Which leukemia is associated with hyperdiploidy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the molecular diagnostic tests for leukemia? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do leukemias cause morbidity and motality? |
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Definition
| decrease in normal hematopoietic cells by marrow replacement; invusion of organs with functional impairment; systemic manifestations of weightloss, fever, ,sweats, or metabolic alterations |
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Term
| How do leukemias cause anemia? |
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Definition
| marrow replacement, bleeding/hemorrhage, splenomegaly (hypersplenism) |
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Term
| How do leukemias cause neutropenia/immune defects? |
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Definition
| marrow replacement, impaired humoral immunity, spelnomegally |
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Term
| Which leukemia is associated with impaired humoral immunity d/t decreased Ig? |
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Definition
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Term
| What leukemia is associated with DIC? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which organs are enlarged by leukemias? What types of leukemias? |
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Definition
| splenomegally, hepatomegaly, lymphadenopathy; more prominent in chronic leukemias |
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Term
| Name common locations of extramedullary leukemic infiltration? |
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Definition
| skin, gums, CNS, periosteum |
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Term
| What metabolic alterations are associated with leukemia? |
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Definition
| acute tumor lysis syndrome and pseudohyperkalemia |
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Term
| What is acute tumor lysis syndrome? |
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Definition
| leukemic cells destroyed by chemotherapy release intracellular contents into blood sometimes with acute renal failure |
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Term
| What is pseudohyperkalemia? |
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Definition
| invitro hemolysis of leukemic cells in patients with very high WBC counts |
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Term
| What do you call an uncontrolled proliferation of monoblasts with loss of differentiation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common childhood cancer? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the peak age of incidence of childhood acute leukemias? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the symptoms of ALL? |
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Definition
| bone and joint pain; infection and bleeding |
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Term
| What leukemia can cause a mediastinal mass? |
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Definition
| seen in half of T cell ALL |
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Term
| What findings on physical exam for ALL? |
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Definition
| generalized LAD and hepatosplenomegaly |
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Term
| Where are common sites of leukemic relapse for ALL? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most frequent childhood type of ALL? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the cytogenetic abnormalities of early pre-B ALL? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the prognosis of early pre-B ALL vs. pre B ALL vs. T cell ALL? |
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Definition
early pre B= good
pre-B= intermediate
T cell= poor prognosis |
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Term
| Describe the characteristic features of T cell ALL. |
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Definition
| high WBC, mediastinal mass, male predom, early CNS involvement |
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Term
| What are the CBC findings of ALL? |
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Definition
WBC elevated in 60%; normal or low in 40%
anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia |
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Term
| What do you see on peripheral blood smear of ALL? |
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Definition
| lymphoblast and smudge cells |
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Term
| What percent of ALL have chromosomal abnormalities? |
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Definition
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Term
| What cytogenetic abnormality of ALL has a favorable prognosis? |
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Definition
| hyperdiploidy (>46 chromosomes) |
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Term
| What cytogenetic abnormality of ALL is associated with a poor prognosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does the philadelphia chromosome cause cancer? |
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Definition
| chrom 22 has a BCR/ABL hybrid gene that produces a 190 kd oncogenic protein with tyrosine kinase activity |
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Term
| What WBC count is a favorable prognostic factor for ALL? |
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Definition
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Term
| What age is a favorable prognostic factor for ALL? |
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Definition
| 2-10 years old (infants and people >10 have poorer prognosis) |
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Term
| What gender ahs a more favorable prognosis for ALL? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the % of complete remission in kids versus adults? |
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Definition
| 90% in kids; 30% in adults |
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Term
| Which leukemia forms a leukemic hiatus? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| CML; acute transformation of myelodysplastic syndrome; previous chemotherapy; de novo |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| predominately promyelocytes |
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Term
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Definition
| both myeloblasts and monoblasts |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| myeloblasts and erythroblasts |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| M0-M7 are all types of... |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the FAB definition of AML? |
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Definition
| 30% blasts in blood or BM |
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Term
| What cytogenic abnormality is associated with AML-M2? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do you diagnose AML-M3? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is counted in the blast count of an AML-M3? |
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Definition
| both myeloblasts and promyelocytes |
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Term
| Which AML has common DIC? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which leukemia is associated with numerous auer rods? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ATRA (all trans retinoic acid) + chemo |
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Term
| What is the official name for AML-M4? |
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Definition
| acute myelomonocytic leukemia |
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Term
| Where does AML-M4 and M5 have tissue infiltration? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the official name of AML-M5? |
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Definition
| acute monoblastic/monocytic luekemia |
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Term
| What is the official name for AML-M6? |
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Definition
| erythroleukemia (Diguglielmo's syndrome) |
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Term
| What is the official name for AML-M7? |
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Definition
| acute megakaryoblastic leukemia |
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Term
| Which AML is associated with Down's syndrome? |
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Definition
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Term
| What accounts for 80% of acute luekemias in adults and is uncommon in childhood? |
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Definition
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Term
| Wat are the symptoms of AML? |
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Definition
| fatigue and weakness, infection, hemorrhage |
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Term
| What is another name for granulocytic sarcomas? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a granulocytic sarcoma? |
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Definition
| soft tissue tumor composed of neoplastic myeloid cells |
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Term
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Definition
| intravascular clumps of leukemic cells in CNS, lungs that occur with WBC is >100,000 |
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Term
| What is the WHO definition of AML? |
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Definition
| minimum of 20% blasts in the blood or BM |
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Term
| HOw does WHO classify AML? |
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Definition
| AML with recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities; AML with myelodysplastic related changes; AML, therapy related; AML, not otherwise cateogorized |
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Term
| What percent of AML is therapy related? What is the prognosis? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What are the features of PBS on AML? |
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Definition
| leukemic hiatus and auer rods |
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Term
|
Definition
| fusion/crystallization of primary granules in some blasts |
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Term
| How do you treat acute myeloid leukemia? prognosis? |
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Definition
| combination chemotherapy is the mainstay of management; high initial complete response rates are achieved with favorable cytogenetic types although remission is seldom permanent; only 20% of patients are alive 4 years after diagnosis |
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