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| basic unit of structure and function |
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true nucleus
membrane - bound organelle
ex: plants, animals, protists, fungi |
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no true nucleus
no membrane-bound organelle
ex: bacteria |
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| cell structures that are specialized for different functions |
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| thick, semifluid material that is enclosed by the plasma membrane |
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| directs and controls most cellular activities |
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| DNA is bundled into structures called ___. |
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| prokaryotes have ring-shaped pieces of DNA called ____ |
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| thin, flexible layer that surrounds the cytoplasm |
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makes proteins
seen in dots in various diagrams |
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powerhouse of the cell
cellular respiration
produces ATP
contains inner folds that increase the surface area for ATP to be produced |
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| rigid structure that surrounds the plasma membrane giving them protection and support |
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Definition
| organelles that capture energy of sunlight and use it for photosynthesis |
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Definition
| organelles that store water |
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| organism consists of one cell |
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| are prokaryotes whose cell walls are made up of peptidoglycan |
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Definition
| are prokaryotes whose cell walls do not contain peptidogylcan. |
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| are the most diverse group of eukaryotes with characteristics that prevent them from being classified as fungi, plant, or animals |
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Definition
| is a device that enables its user to see enlarged images of tiny objects |
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Definition
| is a membrane organelle that helps a cell maintain its water balance. Excess water is constantly pumped out |
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Definition
| short, hairlike projections on the outside of a cell that move the cell using coordinated strokes; this helps the paramecia move |
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| is a long, whiplike projection whose uniform rhythmic motion is used to move the cell; This is how the Eugena moves. |
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| false foot; This is how the amoebas move |
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| is an organelle that contains a pigment that is sensitive to light. |
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| movement toward or away from the chemicals in the environment |
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| is the movement of an organism toward or away from light |
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| sections of DNA that code for specific traits |
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| is a process that produces specialized cells with different structures and functions |
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| unspecialized cells that reproduce themselves and have the capacity to differentiate into one of many types of specialized cells |
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| process by which the information in genes is used to make proteins |
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| determines whether a gene is turned on or off in a cell |
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| Each new cell that forms from the parent cell |
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| continuous process in which individual cells grow, make copies of their chromosomes, and then divide to form daughter cells |
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Definition
| period of growth and DNA replication (copying) that occurs between dividions |
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| cell increases in size and makes proteins |
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| duplication of replication of chromosomes occurs |
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| cell continues to grow as all the structures and proteins the cell needs for mitosis to form |
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Term
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Definition
| the nucleus divides into two nuclei |
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Term
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Definition
1st phase of mitosis
chromatin condenses to form chromosomes
sister chromatids are attached at regions called the centromere
nuclear membrane breaks down
centrioles move to opposite poles of the cell |
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Definition
2nd stage
sister chromatids line up at the cell's center along the spindle fibers |
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Definition
3rd phase of mitosis
spindle fibers pull the sister
chromatids apart at their centromeres. They are now called individual chromosomes |
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Definition
4th stage of mitosis
the chromosomes reach opposite poles of the cell and begin to uncoil
nuclear membrane reform around the chromosomes at each pole |
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Term
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Definition
follows telophase; is the division of the cytoplasm into two separate cells
In animal cells, a central groove called a cleavage furrow forms in the plasma membrane and pinches the two daughter cells apart. In plant cells, cytokinesis involves the formation of a cell plate between the nuclei; the cell plate forms part of the cell wall of each of the two new cells |
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| is the production of offspring by a single parent |
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